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- Balk, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiaminedependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported.
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| 2. |
- Emanuelson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Traumatic brain injury in children treated at the neurosurgical unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 1987-1991 and 1997-2001: An analysis of the process of care
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In 1992, a new volume targeted treatment, the “Lund Protocol”, was introduced in the field of neurosurgical care at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The mortality rate for adults dropped markedly while the number of patients in a vegetative state remained at the same level. As yet, changes in mortality and outcome for children have not been investigated in detail. Aim: To describe the causes and severity of injury, process of care from emergency care to rehabilitation, and the rate of received rehabilitation and to follow-up two cohorts treated for child traumatic brain injury (CTBI) before and after the initiation of the “Lund Protocol”. For group 2, treated after the initiation of the “Lund Protocol” an additional aim was to relate brain injury severity parameters in the acute care stage to functional outcome. Methods: A retrospective population-based study of patient records of former paediatric patients treated neurosurgically for CTBI between 1987-1991 and 1997-2001. Epidemiological results are presented as descriptive statistics. To evaluate the relationship between brain injury parameters and outcome an exploratory cluster analysis was performed on the data from group 2. Results: For both groups traffic accidents were the most common cause of injury. The Glasgow Coma Scale indicated a more severe injury level in group1. The mortality rate in group1 was 8 % compared with 2 % in group 2 (n.s.). The Glasgow outcome score was on the same level (median 5), and the rate of received rehabilitation was equally low in both groups, 27 % versus 33 %. The cluster analysis revealed that length of care and time in a respirator had a stronger relationship with outcome than the Reaction Level Scale (RLS). Conclusion: There is still no stable process of care after CTBI as 67 % in the later treated group did not receive rehabilitation and 50 % of those did not receive any medical check- ups in the long- term perspective.
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