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- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Countermeasures for fatigue in transportation : a review of existing methods for drivers on road, rail, sea and in aviation
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim with this study was to gather knowledge about countermeasures for driver fatigue (including sleepiness) in road, rail, sea and air transportation. The knowledge has been used as an input for evaluating advantages and disadvantages with different countermeasures and to estimate their potential to be used regardless mode of transportation. The method used was a literature review and a workshop with experts from all transportation modes. At the workshop the effectiveness of countermeasures for a single mode, but also regardless mode were discussed and a ranking was done. The report discuss the potential of fighting fatigue among drivers for specific mode of transport but also from a more generic point of view, considering scheduling, model prediction of fatigue risk, legislation, a just culture, technical solutions, infrastructure, education, self-administered alertness interventions and fatigue risk management (FRM). The overall judgement was that a just culture, education, possibility to nap and schedules taking the humans limitations into consideration as the most effective countermeasures to fight fatigue, regardless mode of transportation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kecklund, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Sleepiness and the risk of car crash : a case control study
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Driver sleepiness is believed to be a strong contributing factor to road traffic crashes. Acute sleepiness risk factors, such as driving during early morning hours or having insufficient sleep, was observed in 15% to 25% of the car crash injuries in New Zealand. Most studies are observational and describe the information about the crashes, whereas controlled studies are rare. One exception is the study by Connor et al. (2002), which used a case-control design and compared 571 car drivers involved in crashes (in which at least one driver was admitted to hospital or killed - "cases") with 588 representative drivers (controls) recruited while driving on public roads. The results showed a strong association between indicators of acute sleepiness and the risk of an injury crash, whereas measures of chronic sleepiness showed no association with injury risk. The aim of the present study was to carry out a similar study in Sweden and examine the relationship between acute and chronic sleepiness characteristics, including disturbed sleep and other factors that may contribute to driver sleepiness, with the risk of crashes in which the driver was admitted to hospital.
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| 5. |
- Nilsonne, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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A multimodal brain imaging dataset on sleep deprivation in young and old humans
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Stockholm Sleepy Brain Study I is a functional brain imaging study of 48 younger (20-30 years) and 36 older (65-75 years) healthy participants, with magnetic resonance imaging after normal sleep and partial sleep deprivation in a crossover design. We performed experiments investigating emotional mimicry, empathy for pain, and cognitive reappraisal, as well as resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also acquired T1- and T2-weighted structural images and diffusion tensor images (DTI). On the night before imaging, participants were monitored with ambulatory polysomnography and were instructed to sleep either as usual or only three hours. Participants came to the scanner the following evening. Besides MRI scanning, participants underwent behavioral tests and contributed blood samples, which have been stored in a biobank and used for DNA analyses. Participants also completed a variety of self-report measures. The resulting multimodal dataset may be useful for hypothesis generation or independent validation of effects of sleep deprivation and aging, as well as investigation of cross-sectional associations between the different outcomes. V. 2 of this manuscript published 2017-10-12. Changes: new co-author (Claus Lamm), changed affiliations for Kristoffer Månsson, minor changes in the abstract, and revisions of the main text and figures.
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| 6. |
- Schwarz, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of traditional countermeasures
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Approximately 20% of motor vehicle crashes are caused by sleepiness or fatigue . Therefore, the search of effective countermeasures against driver sleepiness is a key issue in crash prevention. While caffeine, energy drinks and napping have been reported to improve driver alertness, listening to music and cold air have shown too transient and marginal effects in counteracting sleepiness in a driving simulator. However, a recent Swedish survey depicted that drivers use turning on the radio and opening a window more frequently as countermeasure than drinking coffee or stopping for nap. This raises the question if those drivers apply rather ineffective countermeasures or if these countermeasures are more effective when used during actual driving, in contrast to simulated driving. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the effect of listening to music and opening the window during real driving on the motorway.
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| 7. |
- Taillard, Jacques, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of blue light
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At night, driving ability is impaired by sleepiness induced by sleep deprivation. To meet societal demand, it is necessary to develop countermeasures to fight this drowsiness. Currently, caffeine and naps are effective countermeasures but they have some limitations (differences between individuals in terms of efficiency, limited efficiency duration, side effects). The development and evaluation of new and easily usable countermeasures is wished for the prevention of accidents related to sleepiness. A light wavelength of 480 nm (light blue) improves performance and increases the night time arousal. This countermeasure will be tested under real driving conditions. Since there are differences between individuals in the driving ability degradation induced by sleep deprivation and in the countermeasures efficiency duration, this study will also attempt to determine whether some gene polymorphisms (e.g. PER3, COMT, ADORA2A and ADA polymorphism) or some hormone concentrations (e.g. cortisol and amylase concentrations) involved in regulating the sleep / wake cycle can explain the differences between individuals. Basal cognitive performance of subjects could also explain these inter individual differences. Age is an important factor to consider because half of fatal and nonfatal accidents involving young people occur at night and nocturnal performance were considerably more impaired in young than in older subjects.
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