| 1. |
- Hägglund, Patricia, 1989-
(författare)
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Swallowing dysfunction among older people in short-term care : prevalence, effect of intervention, and risk of mortality
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia) is a common, but often neglected condition among geriatric patients that can cause severe complications such as malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia and death. The aims of this thesis were to (i) describe the study design and method of the multidisciplinary and multicenter project SOFIA (Swallowing function, Oral health, and Food Intake in old Age), (ii) study the prevalence of and the relationship between swallowing dysfunction and risk of undernutrition among older individuals in short-term care, (iii) study the effect of oral neuromuscular training on swallowing dysfunction among older individuals, and (iv) to investigate the association between poor oral health, swallowing dysfunction and mortality.Methods: This thesis includes four original papers that are all part of the SOFIA project. Paper Iis the study protocol. In total, 391 individuals aged 65 or older, from 36 short-term care units were included in the project. At baseline the participants’ status regarding swallowing function (assessed with the Timed Water Swallow Test, TWST), oral health (using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide, ROAG) and nutrition (assessed with the Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form-version II, MEONF-II) were assessed and collected by calibrated professionals. Clinical data were also collected. Paper IIwas a cross-sectional study where the baseline assessments of the participants’ swallowing function and nutritional status were obtained and the relationship analyzed. Paper IIIwas a cluster randomized, controlled trial (cRCT) that included 116 participants identified with swallowing dysfunction in paper II. These participants were randomly assigned to either usual care (control group) or oral neuromuscular training (intervention group). All participants were assessed at baseline, after five weeks’ training and six months after end-of-treatment, regarding swallowing function and swallowing-related quality of life (QOL). Paper IVwas a prospective cohort study where all participants were followed-up 1-year after inclusion to investigate risk factors for mortality by analysis of the associations between swallowing dysfunction, poor oral health, and 1-year survival. Results: Paper II:The median age of the 391 participants was 84 years (Interquartile range [IQR] 11) and 209 (53%) were females. In total, 248 of the 385 (64%) participants showed swallowing dysfunction, and risk of undernutrition was observed in 91 of 390 (23%) participants. The adjusted logistics regression model revealed that participants with swallowing dysfunction had significantly higher odds of undernutrition than those with normal swallowing (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.74, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 2.92, P=0.034).Paper III: At end-of-treatment, a linear mixed model showed significant between-group differences of changes in swallowing efficacy between baseline and after completed treatment period (Ratio 1.60, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.29, P=0.007); indicating a 60% higher swallowing efficacy in the intervention group compared with the control group. Paper IV: A mixed effects Cox model showed that swallowing dysfunction and poor oral health were both independently associated with 1-year mortality (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 1.67, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.75,P=0.041 and aHR: 1.98, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.65, P=0.029, respectively). In addition, swallowing dysfunction and poor oral health in combination predicted the highest mortality rate (35%, P<0.001).Conclusion: Swallowing dysfunction is highly prevalent and a risk factor for undernutrition among older people in short-term care. Oral neuromuscular training improves swallowing dysfunction and is thus a promising method of swallowing rehabilitation for older people with impaired swallowing. Swallowing dysfunction and poor oral health are independent risk factors for 1-year morality among older people in short-term care. Therefore, systematic screening and intervention to improve swallowing dysfunction and poor oral health are important to achieve healthy aging and to prevent undernutrition and early death.
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| 2. |
- Beldiceanu, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Assistant: Learning and robust decision support system for agile manufacturing environments
- 2021
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 641-646
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European project ASSISTANT will provide a set of AI-based digital twins that helps process engineers and production planners to operate collaborative mixed-model assembly lines based on the data collected from IoT devices and external data sources. Such a tool will help planners to design the assembly line, plan the production, operate the line, and improve process tuning. In addition, the system monitors the line in real-time, ensures that all required resources are available, and allows fast re-planning when necessary. ASSISTANT aims to make cost-effective decisions while ensuring product quality, safety and wellbeing of the workers, and managing the various sources of uncertainties. The resulting digital twin systems will be data-driven, agile, autonomous, collaborative and explainable, safe but reactive.
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| 3. |
- Byrne, James, et al.
(författare)
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A review of cloud computing simulation platforms and related environments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science. - : SciTePress. - 9789897582431 ; , s. 679-691
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have seen an increasing trend towards the development of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) platforms to support cloud computing related decision making and research. The complexity of cloud environments is increasing with scale and heterogeneity posing a challenge for the efficient management of cloud applications and data centre resources. The increasing ubiquity of social media, mobile and cloud computing combined with the Internet of Things and emerging paradigms such as Edge and Fog Computing is exacerbating this complexity. Given the scale, complexity and commercial sensitivity of hyperscale computing environments, the opportunity for experimentation is limited and requires substantial investment of resources both in terms of time and effort. DES provides a low risk technique for providing decision support for complex hyperscale computing scenarios. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the development and extension of tools to support DES for cloud computing resulting in a wide range of tools which vary in terms of their utility and features. Through a review and analysis of available literature, this paper provides an overview and multi-level feature analysis of 33 DES tools for cloud computing environments. This review updates and extends existing reviews to include not only autonomous simulation platforms, but also on plugins and extensions for specific cloud computing use cases. This review identifies the emergence of CloudSim as a de facto base platform for simulation research and shows a lack of tool support for distributed execution (parallel execution on distributed memory systems).
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| 4. |
- Castañé, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ASSISTANT project: AI for high level decisions in manufacturing
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 61:7, s. 2288-2306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper outlines the main idea and approach of the H2020 ASSISTANT (LeArning and robuSt deciSIon SupporT systems for agile mANufacTuring environments) project. ASSISTANT is aimed at the investigation of AI-based tools for adaptive manufacturing environments, and focuses on the development of a set of digital twins for integration with, management of, and decision support for production planning and control. The ASSISTANT tools are based on the approach of extending generative design, an established methodology for product design, to a broader set of manufacturing decision making processes; and to make use of machine learning, optimisation, and simulation techniques to produce executable models capable of ethical reasoning and data-driven decision making for manufacturing systems. Combining human control and accountable AI, the ASSISTANT toolsets span a wide range of manufacturing processes and time scales, including process planning, production planning, scheduling, and real-time control. They are designed to be adaptable and applicable in a both general and specific manufacturing environments.
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| 5. |
- Domaschka, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an Architecture for Reliable Capacity Provisioning for Distributed Clouds
- 2020
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Ingår i: Managing Distributed Cloud Applications and Infrastructure. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030398620 - 9783030398637 ; , s. 1-25
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complexity of computing along the cloud-to-edge continuum presents significant challenges to ICT operations and in particular reliable capacity planning and resource provisioning to meet unpredictable, fluctuating, and mobile demand. This chapter presents a high-level conceptual overview of RECAP—an architectural innovation to support reliable capacity provisioning for distributed clouds—and its operational modes and functional building blocks. In addition, the major design concepts informing its design—namely separation of concerns, model-centricism, modular design, and machine learning and artificial intelligence for IT operations—are also discussed.
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| 6. |
- Elmroth, Erik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A composable service-oriented architecture for middleware-independent and interoperable grid job management
- 2010
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We propose a composable, loosely coupled Service-Oriented Architecture for middleware-independent Grid job management. The architecture is designed for use in federated Grid environments and aims to decouple Grid appli- cations from Grid middlewares and other infrastructure components. The notion of an ecosystem of Grid infrastructure components is extended, and Grid job management software design is discussed in this context. Non- intrusive integration models and abstraction of Grid middleware function- ality through hierarchical aggregation of autonomous Grid job management services are emphasized, and service composition techniques facilitating this process are explored. Earlier efforts in Service-Oriented Architecture design are extended upon, and implications of these are discussed throughout the paper. A proof-of-concept implementation of the proposed architecture is presented along with a technical evaluation of the performance of the proto- type, and a details of architecture implementation are discussed along with trade-offs introduced by the service composition techniques used.
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| 7. |
- Elmroth, Erik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing general, composable, and middleware-independent Grid infrastructure tools for multi-tiered job management
- 2007
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Ingår i: Towards Next Generation Grids. - : Springer-Verlag. - 9780387724973 ; , s. 175-184
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a multi-tiered architecture for middleware-independent Grid job management. The architecture consists of a number of services for well-defined tasks in the job management process, offering complete user-level isolation of servicecapabilities, multiple layers of abstraction, control, and fault tolerance. The middleware abstraction layer comprises components for targeted job submission, job control and resource discovery. The brokered job submission layer offers a Grid view on resources, including functionality for resource brokering and submission of jobs to selected resources. The reliable job submission layer includes components for fault tolerant execution of individual jobs and groups of independentjobs, respectively. The architecture is proposed as a composable set of tools rather than a monolithic solution, allowing users to select the individual components of interest. The prototype presented is implemented using the Globus Toolkit 4, integrated with the Globus Toolkit 4 and NorduGrid/ARC middlewares and based on existing and emerging Grid standards. A performance evaluation reveals that the overhead for resource discovery, brokering, middleware-specific format conversions, job monitoring, fault tolerance, and management of individual and groups of jobs is sufficiently small to motivate the use of the framework.
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| 8. |
- Elmroth, Erik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing service-based resource management tools for a healthy grid ecosystem
- 2008
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Ingår i: Parallel processing and applied mathematics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag. ; , s. 259-270
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an approach for development of Grid resource management tools, where we put into practice internationally established high-level views of future Grid architectures. The approach addresses fundamental Grid challenges and strives towards a future vision of the Grid where capabilities are made available as independent and dynamically assembled utilities, enabling run-time changes in the structure, behavior, and location of software. The presentation is made in terms of design heuristics, design patterns, and quality attributes, and is centered around the key concepts of co-existence, composability, adoptability, adaptability, changeability, and interoperability. The practical realization of the approach is illustrated by five case studies (recently developed Grid tools) high-lighting the most distinct aspects of these key concepts for each tool. The approach contributes to a healthy Grid ecosystem that promotes a natural selection of “surviving” components through competition, innovation, evolution, and diversity. In conclusion, this environment facilitates the use and composition of components on a per-component basis.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Elmroth, Erik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic and transparent service compositions techniques for service-oriented grid architectures
- 2008
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Ingår i: Integrated research in Grid computing. - : Crete University Press. ; , s. 323-334
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the introduction of the Service-Oriented Architecture design paradigm, service composition has become a central methodology for developing Grid software. We present an approach to Grid software development consisting of architectural design patterns for service de-composition and service re-composition. The patterns presented can each be used individually, but provide synergistic effects when combined as described in a unified framework. Software design patterns are employed to provide structure in design for service-based software development. Service APIs and immutable data wrappers are used to simplify service client development and isolate service clients from details of underlying service engine architectures. The use of local call structures greatly reduces inter-service communication overhead for co-located services, and service API factories are used to make local calls transparent to service client developers. Light-weight and dynamically replaceable plug-ins provide structure for decision support and integration points. A dynamic configuration scheme provides coordination of service efforts and synchronization of service interactions in a user-centric manner. When using local calls and dynamic configuration for creating networks of cooperating services, the need for generic service monitoring solutions becomes apparent and is addressed by service monitoring interfaces. We present these techniques along with their intended use in the context of software development for service-oriented Grid architectures.
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