| 1. |
- Chung, Sun Ju, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-Synuclein Repeat Variants and Survival in Parkinson's Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185. ; 29:8, s. 1053-1057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To determine whether alpha-synuclein dinucleotide repeat (REP1) genotypes are associated with survival in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Investigators from the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium provided REP1 genotypes and baseline and follow-up clinical data for cases. The primary outcome was time to death. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association of REP1 genotypes with survival. Results: Twenty-one sites contributed data for 6,154 cases. There was no significant association between alpha-synuclein REP1 genotypes and survival in PD. However, there was a significant association between REP1 genotypes and age at onset of PD (hazard ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.10; P value = 0.01). Conclusions: In our large consortium study, alpha-synuclein REP1 genotypes were not associated with survival in PD. Further studies of alpha-synuclein's role in disease progression and long-term outcomes are needed. (C) 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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| 2. |
- Elbaz, Alexis, et al.
(författare)
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Independent and Joint Effects of the MAPT and SNCA Genes in Parkinson Disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 69:5, s. 778-792
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We studied the independent and joint effects of the genes encoding alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in Parkinson disease (PD) as part of a large meta-analysis of individual data from case-control studies participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium. Methods: Participants of Caucasian ancestry were genotyped for a total of 4 SNCA (rs2583988, rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074) and 2 MAPT (rs1052553, rs242557) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Individual and joint effects of SNCA and MAPT SNPs were investigated using fixed- and random-effects logistic regression models. Interactions were studied on both a multiplicative and an additive scale, and using a case-control and case-only approach. Results: Fifteen GEO-PD sites contributed a total of 5,302 cases and 4,161 controls. All 4 SNCA SNPs and the MAPT H1-haplotype-defining SNP (rs1052553) displayed a highly significant marginal association with PD at the significance level adjusted for multiple comparisons. For SNCA, the strongest associations were observed for SNPs located at the 30 end of the gene. There was no evidence of statistical interaction between any of the 4 SNCA SNPs and rs1052553 or rs242557, neither on the multiplicative nor on the additive scale. Interpretation: This study confirms the association between PD and both SNCA SNPs and the H1 MAPT haplotype. It shows, based on a variety of approaches, that the joint action of variants in these 2 loci is consistent with independent effects of the genes without additional interacting effects. ANN NEUROL 2011; 69: 778-792
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Low muscle strength in late adolescence and Parkinson disease later in life
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 84:18, s. 1862-1869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:To evaluate maximal isometric muscle force at 18 years of age in relation to Parkinson disease (PD) later in life.Methods:The cohort consisted of 1,317,713 men who had their muscle strength measured during conscription (1969-1996). Associations between participants' muscle strength at conscription and PD diagnoses, also in their parents, were examined using multivariate statistical models.Results:After adjustment for confounders, the lowest compared to the highest fifth of handgrip strength (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.79), elbow flexion strength (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.76), but not knee extension strength (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.94-1.62) was associated with an increased risk of PD during follow-up. Furthermore, men whose parents were diagnosed with PD had reduced handgrip (fathers: mean difference [MD] -5.7 N [95% CI -7.3 to -4.0]; mothers: MD -5.0 N [95% CI -7.0 to -2.9]) and elbow flexion (fathers: MD -4.3 N [95% CI -5.7 to -2.9]; mothers: MD -3.9 N [95% CI -5.7 to -2.2]) strength, but not knee extension strength (fathers: MD -1.1 N [95% CI -2.9 to 0.8]; mothers: MD -0.7 N [95% CI -3.1 to 1.6]), than those with no such familial history.Conclusions:Maximal upper extremity voluntary muscle force was reduced in late adolescence in men diagnosed with PD 30 years later. The findings suggest the presence of subclinical motor deficits 3 decades before the clinical onset of PD.
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| 4. |
- Heckman, Michael G., et al.
(författare)
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Population-specific Frequencies for LRRK2 Susceptibility Variants in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) Consortium
- 2013
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185. ; 28:12, s. 1740-1744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundVariants within the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene are recognized as the most frequent genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 variation related to disease susceptibility displays many features that reflect the nature of complex, late-onset sporadic disorders like Parkinson's disease. MethodsThe Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium recently performed the largest genetic association study for variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene across 23 different sites in 15 countries. ResultsHerein, we detail the allele frequencies for the novel risk factors (p.A419V and p.M1646T) and the protective haplotype (p.N551K-R1398H-K1423K) nominated in the original publication. Simple population allele frequencies not only can provide insight into the clinical relevance of specific variants but also can help genetically define patient groups. ConclusionsEstablishing individual patient-based genomic susceptibility profiles that incorporate both risk factors and protective factors will determine future diagnostic and treatment strategies. (c) 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kalia, Lorraine V, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Correlations With Lewy Body Pathology in LRRK2-Related Parkinson Disease.
- 2015
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 72:1, s. 100-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of genetic Parkinson disease (PD) known to date. The clinical features of manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers are generally indistinguishable from those of patients with sporadic PD. However, some PD cases associated with LRRK2 mutations lack Lewy bodies (LBs), a neuropathological hallmark of PD. We investigated whether the presence or absence of LBs correlates with different clinical features in LRRK2-related PD.
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| 7. |
- Krüger, Rejko, et al.
(författare)
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A large-scale genetic association study to evaluate the contribution of Omi/HtrA2 (PARK13) to Parkinson's disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-1497 .- 0197-4580. ; 32:3, s. 9-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-profile studies have provided conflicting results regarding the involvement of the Omi/HtrA2 gene in Parkinson's disease (PD) susceptibility. Therefore, we performed a large-scale analysis of the association of common Omi/HtrA2 variants in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease (GEO-PD) consortium. GEO-PD sites provided clinical and genetic data including affection status, gender, ethnicity, age at study, age at examination (all subjects); age at onset and family history of PD (patients). Genotyping was performed for the five most informative SNPs spanning the Omi/HtrA2 gene in approximately 2-3 kb intervals (rs10779958, rs2231250, rs72470544, rs1183739, rs2241028). Fixed as well as random effect models were used to provide summary risk estimates of Omi/HtrA2 variants. The 20 GEO-PD sites provided data for 6378 cases and 8880 controls. No overall significant associations for the five Omi/HtrA2 SNPs and PD were observed using either fixed effect or random effect models. The summary odds ratios ranged between 0.98 and 1.08 and the estimates of between-study heterogeneity were not large (non-significant Q statistics for all 5 SNPs; I(2) estimates 0-28%). Trends for association were seen for participants of Scandinavian descent for rs2241028 (OR 1.41, p=0.04) and for rs1183739 for age at examination (cut-off 65 years; OR 1.17, p=0.02), but these would not be significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons and their Bayes factors were only modest. This largest association study performed to define the role of any gene in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease revealed no overall strong association of Omi/HtrA2 variants with PD in populations worldwide.
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| 8. |
- Prudencio, Mercedes, et al.
(författare)
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Toward allele-specific targeting therapy and pharmacodynamic marker for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 12:566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin-3 gene (ATXN3), is characterized by neuronal polyglutamine (polyQ) ATXN3 protein aggregates. Although there is no cure for SCA3, gene-silencing approaches to reduce toxic polyQ ATXN3 showed promise in preclinical models. However, a major limitation in translating putative treatments for this rare disease to the clinic is the lack of pharmacodynamic markers for use in clinical trials. Here, we developed an immunoassay that readily detects polyQ ATXN3 proteins in human biological fluids and discriminates patients with SCA3 from healthy controls and individuals with other ataxias. We show that polyQ ATXN3 serves as a marker of target engagement in human fibroblasts, which may bode well for its use in clinical trials. Last, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism that strongly associates with the expanded allele, thus providing an exciting drug target to abrogate detrimental events initiated by mutant ATXN3. Gene-silencing strategies for several repeat diseases are well under way, and our results are expected to improve clinical trial preparedness for SCA3 therapies.
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| 9. |
- Puschmann, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Clinically meaningful parameters of progression and long-term outcome of Parkinson disease: An international consensus statement.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5126 .- 1353-8020. ; 21:7, s. 675-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with a clinical course of variable duration, severity, and a combination of motor and non-motor features. Recent PD research has focused primarily on etiology rather than clinical progression and long-term outcomes. For the PD patient, caregivers, and clinicians, information on expected clinical progression and long-term outcomes is of great importance. Today, it remains largely unknown what factors influence long-term clinical progression and outcomes in PD; recent data indicate that the factors that increase the risk to develop PD differ, at least partly, from those that accelerate clinical progression and lead to worse outcomes. Prospective studies will be required to identify factors that influence progression and outcome. We suggest that data for such studies is collected during routine office visits in order to guarantee high external validity of such research. We report here the results of a consensus meeting of international movement disorder experts from the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium, who convened to define which long-term outcomes are of interest to patients, caregivers and clinicians, and what is presently known about environmental or genetic factors influencing clinical progression or long-term outcomes in PD. We propose a panel of rating scales that collects a significant amount of phenotypic information, can be performed in the routine office visit and allows international standardization. Research into the progression and long-term outcomes of PD aims at providing individual prognostic information early, adapting treatment choices, and taking specific measures to provide care optimized to the individual patient's needs.
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| 10. |
- Puschmann, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Heterozygous PINK1 p.G411S increases risk of Parkinson's disease via a dominant-negative mechanism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156 .- 0006-8950. ; 140:1, s. 98-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SEE GANDHI AND PLUN-FAVREAU DOI101093/AWW320 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: It has been postulated that heterozygous mutations in recessive Parkinson's genes may increase the risk of developing the disease. In particular, the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) p.G411S (c.1231G>A, rs45478900) mutation has been reported in families with dominant inheritance patterns of Parkinson's disease, suggesting that it might confer a sizeable disease risk when present on only one allele. We examined families with PINK1 p.G411S and conducted a genetic association study with 2560 patients with Parkinson's disease and 2145 control subjects. Heterozygous PINK1 p.G411S mutations markedly increased Parkinson's disease risk (odds ratio = 2.92, P = 0.032); significance remained when supplementing with results from previous studies on 4437 additional subjects (odds ratio = 2.89, P = 0.027). We analysed primary human skin fibroblasts and induced neurons from heterozygous PINK1 p.G411S carriers compared to PINK1 p.Q456X heterozygotes and PINK1 wild-type controls under endogenous conditions. While cells from PINK1 p.Q456X heterozygotes showed reduced levels of PINK1 protein and decreased initial kinase activity upon mitochondrial damage, stress-response was largely unaffected over time, as expected for a recessive loss-of-function mutation. By contrast, PINK1 p.G411S heterozygotes showed no decrease of PINK1 protein levels but a sustained, significant reduction in kinase activity. Molecular modelling and dynamics simulations as well as multiple functional assays revealed that the p.G411S mutation interferes with ubiquitin phosphorylation by wild-type PINK1 in a heterodimeric complex. This impairs the protective functions of the PINK1/parkin-mediated mitochondrial quality control. Based on genetic and clinical evaluation as well as functional and structural characterization, we established p.G411S as a rare genetic risk factor with a relatively large effect size conferred by a partial dominant-negative function phenotype.
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