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Sökning: WFRF:(Abbott Jordan) > Naturvetenskap

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1.
  • Olito, Colin, et al. (författare)
  • The interaction between sex-specific selection and local adaptation in species without separate sexes
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2970 .- 0962-8436. ; 373:1757
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Local adaptation in hermaphrodite species can be based on a variety of fitness components, including survival, as well as both female and male sex-functions within individuals. When selection via female and male fitness components varies spatially (e.g. due to environmental heterogeneity), local adaptation will depend, in part, on variation in selection through each fitness component, and the extent to which genetic trade-offs between sex-functions maintain genetic variation necessary for adaptation. Local adaptation will also depend on the hermaphrodite mating system because self-fertilization alters several key factors influencing selection and the maintenance of genetic variance underlying trade-offs between the sex-functions (sexually antagonistic polymorphism). As a first step to guide intuition regarding sex-specific adaptation in hermaphrodites, we develop a simple theoretical model incorporating the essential features of hermaphrodite mating and adaptation in a spatially heterogeneous environment, and explore the interaction between sex-specific selection, self-fertilization and local adaptation. Our results suggest that opportunities for sex-specific local adaptation in hermaphrodites depend strongly on the extent of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression. Using our model as a conceptual framework, we provide a broad overview of the literature on sex-specific selection and local adaptation in hermaphroditic plants and animals, emphasizing promising future directions in light of our theoretical predictions.
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2.
  • Biermann, Frank, et al. (författare)
  • Transforming governance and institutions for global sustainability : key insights from the Earth System Governance Project
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 4:1, s. 51-60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The current institutional framework for sustainable development is by far not strong enough to bring about the swift transformative progress that is needed. This article contends that incrementalism-the main approach since the 1972 Stockholm Conference-will not suffice to bring about societal change at the level and speed needed to mitigate and adapt to earth system transformation. Instead, the article argues that transformative structural change in global governance is needed, and that the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro must turn into a major stepping stone for a much stronger institutional framework for sustainable development. The article details core areas where urgent action is required. The article is based on an extensive social science assessment conducted by 32 members of the lead faculty, scientific steering committee, and other affiliates of the Earth System Governance Project. This Project is a ten-year research initiative under the auspices of the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP), which is sponsored by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the International Social Science Council (ISSC), and the United Nations University (UNU).
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