| 1. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, SO, et al.
(författare)
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Body size and prostate cancer: A 20-year follow-up study among 135006 Swedish construction workers
- 1997
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. - : NATL CANCER INSTITUTE. - 0027-8874. ; 89:5, s. 385-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity is associated with endocrine changes (e.g., increased estrogen and decreased testosterone in the blood) that have been implicated in the cause of prostate cancer and, therefore, an association between body weight and the risk of develo
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| 3. |
- ANDERSSON, SO, et al.
(författare)
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EARLY-LIFE RISK-FACTORS FOR PROSTATE-CANCER - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN SWEDEN
- 1995
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Ingår i: CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1055-9965. ; 4:3, s. 187-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We undertook a population-based case-control study to investigate early life risk factors for prostate cancer. Information on dietary habits during childhood and adolescence, childhood environment, pubertal development, and physical activity was collected
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| 4. |
- Andersson, SO, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle factors and prostate cancer risk: A case-control study in Sweden
- 1996
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Ingår i: CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1055-9965. ; 5:7, s. 509-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined associations between lifestyle factors and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in a population-based case-control study, Information on smoking and alcohol habits, socioeconomic factors, marital status, family history, and sexual habits were ob
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| 5. |
- Beral, V, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 87, s. 1234-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1 % per 10 g per day, P < 0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers= 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92 - 1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK.
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| 6. |
- Bergstrom, R, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in testicular cancer incidence in six European countries: A birth cohort phenomenon
- 1996
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. - : NATL CANCER INSTITUTE. - 0027-8874. ; 88:11, s. 727-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: For unknown reasons, the age-standardized incidence of testicular cancer has shown a rapid increase in virtually all countries (mostly Western) studied. For populations with a sufficiently long period of cancer registration, this development c
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| 7. |
- Bergstrom, R, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in cancer of the cervix uteri in Sweden following cytological screening
- 1999
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER. - : CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. ; 81:1
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trends in cervical cancer incidence following the introduction of screening have mostly been studied using cross-sectional data and not analysed separately for squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinomas. Using Swedish nationwide data on incidence and mortal
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| 8. |
- Bill-Axelson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer
- 2005
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 352:19, s. 1977-1944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:In 2002, we reported the initial results of a trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in the management of early prostate cancer. After three more years of follow-up, we report estimated 10-year results.METHODS:From October 1989 through February 1999, 695 men with early prostate cancer (mean age, 64.7 years) were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (347 men) or watchful waiting (348 men). The follow-up was complete through 2003, with blinded evaluation of the causes of death. The primary end point was death due to prostate cancer; the secondary end points were death from any cause, metastasis, and local progression.RESULTS:During a median of 8.2 years of follow-up, 83 men in the surgery group and 106 men in the watchful-waiting group died (P=0.04). In 30 of the 347 men assigned to surgery (8.6 percent) and 50 of the 348 men assigned to watchful waiting (14.4 percent), death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in the cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer increased from 2.0 percentage points after 5 years to 5.3 percentage points after 10 years, for a relative risk of 0.56 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.88; P=0.01 by Gray's test). For distant metastasis, the corresponding increase was from 1.7 to 10.2 percentage points, for a relative risk in the surgery group of 0.60 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.42 to 0.86; P=0.004 by Gray's test), and for local progression, the increase was from 19.1 to 25.1 percentage points, for a relative risk of 0.33 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.44; P<0.001 by Gray's test).CONCLUSIONS:Radical prostatectomy reduces disease-specific mortality, overall mortality, and the risks of metastasis and local progression. The absolute reduction in the risk of death after 10 years is small, but the reductions in the risks of metastasis and local tumor progression are substantial.
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| 9. |
- Blomqvist, P, et al.
(författare)
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Survival after colon cancer 1973-1990 in Sweden - Convergence between catchment areas
- 1997
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF SURGERY. - : LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL. - 0003-4932. ; 225:2, s. 208-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The objective of the study is to analyze the temporal trends in relative survival among patients with colon cancer in catchment areas of hospitals of different categories and regions in Sweden. Background In Sweden, cancer of the colon is the se
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| 10. |
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