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- Adami, Hans-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy and risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma : a prospective study
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 70:2, s. 155-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is likely to be related to immune function. In the light of the established immunologic effects of a pregnancy, we decided to examine the risk of NHL and CLL in relationship to full-term pregnancies. Within a nationwide cohort we identified 1,546 women with NHL and 198 women with CLL, all 15 years or older, born 1925-1972. Five age-matched controls were selected for each case patient. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios after mutual adjustment for number of births and age at first birth. We found a weak, negative association between parity and risk of NHL (p for trend 0.11) and a transient, 10-40% decrease in risk within 5-14 years after the last birth among women with various parity status. The risk of CLL decreased more markedly, and orderly with increasing parity, but the trend was not significant (p = 0.18). Small numbers of cases with CLL prevented more detailed analyses of temporal relationships. Age at first birth appeared unrelated to the risk of both NHL and CLL. We conclude that the immunologic alterations associated with a pregnancy have limited, if any, relevance to the etiology of NHL and CLL; changing reproductive pattern is an unlikely contributor to the marked increase in incidence of NHL seen in many populations.
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| 2. |
- Lambe, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Childbearing and the risk of Hodgkin's disease
- 1998
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 7:9, s. 831-834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causes of Hodgkin's disease remain incompletely known, but a higher incidence in men than in women has prompted an interest in the role of female sex hormones and reproductive history. Available epidemiological data are, however, contradictory. We analyzed possible associations between parity, age at first birth, and the risk of developing Hodgkin's disease by a linkage between the Swedish Cancer Register and a nationwide Fertility Register. Among women born between 1925 and 1972, 917 cases with Hodgkin's disease and concomitant fertility information were identified. For each case patient, five age-matched controls were randomly selected among women in the Fertility Register. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of Hodgkin's disease associated with a birth. We found a slightly and nonsignificantly reduced risk of Hodgkin's disease in ever-parous compared with nulliparous women. Among parous women, the number of children was unrelated to risk, whereas there was some evidence of an increased risk with late age at first birth in women under age 45 at diagnosis. No clear temporal relations between childbearing and subsequent risk were discernible in any parity or age group. Although uncontrolled confounding might have affected our results, they do not indicate that hormonal or immunological changes associated with childbearing play a role in the development of Hodgkin's disease.
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| 3. |
- Lambe, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Malignant melanoma : reduced risk associated with early childbearing and multiparity
- 1996
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Ingår i: Melanoma research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0960-8931 .- 1473-5636. ; 6:2, s. 147-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pigmentary changes during pregnancy and sex-specific differences in incidence patterns of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) suggest that sex hormones may be involved in the development of CMM. We explored possible associations between childbearing and the risk of CMM in a case-control study "nested' in a nation-wide cohort. A total of 4,779 incident cases of CMM in women aged 24-65 were compared with 23,888 individually age-matched controls. Delayed childbearing was associated with an increased risk of CMM, corresponding to approximately 16% per 5 years. Parous women had a significantly lower risk of CMM compared with nulliparous women; in univariate analysis there was an 8% reduction in risk for each additional birth (odds ratio = 0.92; 95% confidence interval = 0.89-0.95). In multivariate analyses the risk of CMM was best explained by a model including both age at first birth and parity. Age at first birth was the most important variable. Time since most recent birth was unrelated to risk of CMM. These findings indicate that early childbearing and multiparity reduce the risk of CMM. Conceivable explanations are hormonal changes induced by childbearing, enhanced immunologic activity via exposure to fetal antigens during pregnancy, or long-lasting effects of pregnancy-associated hyperpigmentation. Our results need confirmation in studies with proper adjustment for confounding; less sun exposure in young mothers and high parity women may represent an alternative explanation but is unlikely to explain entirely the twofold difference in risk found between extreme categories of age at first birth and parity.
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