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- Larsson, Agneta
(författare)
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Identifying, describing and promoting health and work ability in a workplace context
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att identifiera, beskriva och främja hälsa och arbetsförmåga ur ett arbetsplatsperspektiv. Tre av delarbetena är kvantitativa och en är kvalitativ. Studie I och II är baserade på samma population av anställda inom kommunal hemtjänst, vilka besvarade ett frågeformulär. Studie III omfattar anställda vid olika enheter inom kommunal service, vilka besvarade ett frågeformulär vid tre tillfällen under en 9-månaders period. Studie IV baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med arbetsgivare inom olika branscher. Den första studien syftade till att identifiera faktorer som främjar för upplevd självtillit (eng. self-efficacy), muskuloskeletalt välbefinnande (hälsa) och arbetsförmåga hos sjukvårdbiträden respektive undersköterskor inom kommunal hemtjänst. Resultatet från multipla regressionsanalyser visade att den fysiska arbetsbelastningen och säkerhetsklimatet främjade självtilliten i båda grupperna, och för undersköterskorna hade även kön och ålder betydelse för självtilliten. Muskuloskeletalt välbefinnande hos sjukvårdsbiträden var relaterat till kön och upplevd grad av säkerhet. Främjande faktorer för arbetsförmåga hos sjukvårdsbiträden var ålder, anställningstid och säkerhetsklimat. Hos undersköterskor var kön, grad av säkerhet, självtillit och muskuloskeletalt välbefinnande främjande faktorer. Dessa skillnader bör beaktas vid planering av framtida interventioner. Hos båda professionerna kan fysisk arbetsbelastning minskas, och arbetsplatsens säkerhetsklimat och den anställdes egen självtillit stärkas. Syftet med den andra studien var att beskriva hemtjänstpersonalens upplevelse av säkerhetsklimat och arbetsförhållanden, aktiviteter för ökad säkerhet i arbetet, självtillit, hälsa och arbetsförmåga. Generellt rapporterade personalen höga fysiska belastningsnivåer och en hög frekvens av muskuloskeletala symtom. Signifikanta skillnader mellan hemtjänstgrupperna noterades avseende säkerhetsklimat, socialt stöd, inflytande över beslut, grad av säkerhet i arbetet, och grad av deltagande i arbetsplatsens säkerhetsarbete. Personalen angav ett antal faktorer som begränsade möjligheterna att utföra arbetet på ett säkert sätt. Detta betyder att hemtjänstgrupper med ’goda praktiska lösningar’ kan utgöra roll modeller för andra grupper när det gäller att utveckla fungerande lösningar i det dagliga arbetet. Arbetsgivarstöd, tydliga rutiner, intern- och extern samverkan och påverkansmöjligheter för de anställda, kan ge bättre förutsättningar att utföra arbetet med högre kvalitet och säkerhet. I den tredje studien beskrivs effekterna av två interventioner för kvinnor med muskuloskeletala symtom, anställda inom kommunal service: en ’self-efficacy utbildning’ respektive en ’ergonomisk utbildning’. Båda syftade till att stärka deltagarnas egna resurser i förhållande till sitt arbete. Båda interventionerna visade goda effekter, men på olika sätt i de båda grupperna. Den upplevda arbetsförmågan ökade i ’self-efficacy gruppen’. I den ’den ergonomiska gruppen’ ökade användningen av smärt coping strategier. Arbetsgivarnas upplevelser av hur arbetsrehabilitering kan planeras för att bli av bättre kvalitet och mer kostnadseffektiv, beskrevs i den fjärde studien. Arbetsgivarna ansåg att processen kunde förbättras genom att de arbetade utifrån ett holistiskt perspektiv, gav de sjukskrivna stöd, utvärderade deras måluppfyllelse och gav rehabiliteringsprocessen tillräckligt med tid. Proaktiva arbetsplatsinsatser och god kommunikation inom arbetsplatsen var för enligt dem förutsättningar för en lyckosam arbetsåtergång.
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| 2. |
- Melander-Wikman, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Project: Early signs of mobility limitations and fall events in old age: long-term consequences and tailored preventive interventions through interactive media
- 2012
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The aims of this project are 1) to investigate the consequences over five years of early signs of mobility limitations expressed as fallevents, a changed walking pattern with a cognitive load (dual-task costs), and decreased balance confidence on severe fall-relatedinjuries, perceived health, participation, activities of daily living, and gait performance, and 2) to develop, together with older people,and evaluate tailored fall-prevention through interactive media in a randomized controlled trial with two arms.
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| 3. |
- Nordin, Catharina
(författare)
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Patients’ experiences of patient participation prior to and within multimodal pain rehabilitation
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patient participation is a concept used to describe the patients’ involvement in their healthcare. The aim of this licentiate thesis was to explore primary healthcare patients’ experiences of patient participation prior to and within multimodal pain rehabilitation. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seventeen patients, 14 women and 3 men, who had completed multimodal pain rehabilitation for persistent pain. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.The findings show that patient participation can be understood as a complex and individualized interaction between the patient and the healthcare professionals. There were both positive and negative experiences of patient participation prior to, as well as within the multimodal rehabilitation. Experiences prior to the multimodal pain rehabilitation indicated a lack of patient participation including a search of recognition and an alienation from the healthcare system. Patients experienced satisfying patient participation within the multimodal rehabilitation, which was described as a continuous exchange of emotions and cognitions between the patients and the healthcare professionals. Patients’ emotions and cognitions were important in the patient – healthcare interaction and for patient participation. A confidence-inspiring alliance with the healthcare professionals, built on mutual trust and respect, was experienced as a basis for patient participation. The patients experienced unfulfilled medical needs, being unconfirmed, and having their point of view disregarded by healthcare professionals, to limit patient participation. Insufficient communication with the healthcare professionals was also perceived restricting patient participation. The patients emphasized that healthcare professionals needed to play an active role to include the patients in dialogue and to build common ground in the interaction. The healthcare professionals’ expertise, empathy and personal qualities were important for patient participation.In conclusion, patients with persistent pain had experiences of poor patient participation from encounters with healthcare professionals prior to multimodal pain rehabilitation. In contrast, these patients then experienced satisfying patient participation within the multimodal pain rehabilitation. Healthcare professionals need to play an active role in developing a relationship and finding common ground, through confirmation and dialogue, to increase patient participation in rehabilitation planning and decision-making.
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| 5. |
- Pohl, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Fall risk awareness and safety precautions taken by older community-dwelling women and men : a qualitative study using focus group discussions
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Daily life requires frequent estimations of the risk of falling and the ability to avoid a fall. The objective of this study was to explore older women's and men's understanding of fall risk and their experiences with safety precautions taken to prevent falls.Methods A qualitative study with focus group discussions was conducted. Eighteen community-dwelling people [10 women and 8 men] with and without a history of falls were purposively recruited. Participants were divided into two groups, and each group met four times. A participatory and appreciative action and reflection approach was used to guide the discussions. All discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis, and categories were determined inductively.Findings Three categories describing the process of becoming aware of fall risks in everyday life were identified: 1] Facing various feelings, 2] Recognizing one's fall risk, and 3] Taking precautions. Each category comprised several subcategories. The comprehensive theme derived from the categories was "Safety precautions through fall risk awareness". Three strategies of ignoring [continuing a risky activity], gaining insight [realizing the danger in a certain situation], and anticipating [thinking ahead and acting in advance] were related to all choices of actions and could fluctuate in the same person in different contexts.Conclusions The fall risk awareness process might be initiated for various reasons and can involve different feelings and precautions as well as different strategies. This finding highlights that there are many possible channels to reach older people with information about fall risk and fall prevention, including the media and their peers. The findings offer a deeper understanding of older peoples' conceptualizations about fall risk awareness and make an important contribution to the development and implementation of fall prevention programmes.
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| 7. |
- Pohl, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Older women and men as co-creators in design of a mobile application for fall prevention
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a plethora of fall prevention programs for older community-dwelling people. The evidence for exercise-based programs is strong. There is a problem however with implementation and adherence. Motivational factors and barriers have been identified to some extent. Previous studies have shown that what works best is when exercise programs are tailor made, home based, and when people have access to personal feedback on a regular basis. Mobile applications for Smartphones with exercises have these advantages, and have been available for a long time, but these are most commonly directed to young and middle-aged people. There are no applications for fall prevention developed based on senior’s own wishes. The aim was to investigate how healthy older community-dwelling women and men reason and what exercises they prefer when participating in development and design of a fall prevention program in shape of a mobile application for Smartphones.Method Participatory and appreciative action research design with focus group interviews and workshops. Qualitative data analysis.Results The preliminary results show that when older community-dwelling men and women participate in developing a fall prevention program for Smartphones, they have many ideas, thoughts and experiences that may serve as a motivational factor for following a fall prevention program regularly.ConclusionThe implementation and adherence for evidence based fall preventative exercise programs is insufficient. This study will gain knowledge to design tailor made, home based fall prevention exercise programs among community-dwelling healthy seniors.
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| 8. |
- Pohl, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Äldre män och kvinnor som med-aktörer i design av tränings-appar för fallprevention
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bakgrund och syfte:Det finns en uppsjö av olika fallpreventiva evidensbaserade träningsprogram för äldre i ordinärt boende. Även om evidensgraden är hög för viss träning finns det svårigheter med att få äldre personer att utföra träningen. Vissa motivationsfaktorer och hindrande faktorer har redan identifierats och forskningen visar att skräddarsydda, hembaserade träningsprogram med möjlighet till regelbunden återkoppling är det som fungerar bäst. Applikationer till mobiltelefoner och surfplattor erbjuder denna möjlighet, och har funnits sedan en längre tid, men dessa vänder sig oftast till yngre och medelålders personer. Det finns ännu ingen applikation som är baserad på de äldres egna önskemål. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur friska äldre män och kvinnor i ordinärt boende resonerar och vilka övningar de föredrar när de deltar i utveckling och design av ett fallpreventivt träningsprogram i form av en applikation till smarta telefoner och surfplattor. Metoder:18 deltagare > 70 år. Deltagande och uppskattande aktionsforskning samt fokusgruppsintervjuer och workshops. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat:De preliminära resultaten visar att när äldre män och kvinnor i ordinärt boende deltar i utvecklingen av ett fallpreventivt träningsprogram för smarta telefoner och surfplattor har de många idéer, tankar och erfarenheter som kan fungera som motiverande faktorer i syfte att utföra regelbunden fallpreventiv träning. Konklusion:Implementeringen och följsamheten för evidensbaserade fallpreventiva träningsprogram är otillräcklig. Denna studie bidrar med kunskaper för att designa skräddarsydda, hembaserade fallpreventiva träningsprogram för friska äldre personer i ordinärt boende.
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| 9. |
- Sandlund, Marlene, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender perspective on older people’s exercise preferences and motivators in the context of falls prevention : a qualitative Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Several factors have previously been identified to positively influence the uptake and adherence for fall prevention exercise programmes. There is, however, a lack of studies investigating if men and women differ in their views and preferences for fall prevention exercises. Aim. To explore exercise preferences and motivators of older community-dwelling women and men in the context of falls prevention from a gender perspective. Methods. Workshops including multistage focus group discussions were conducted with 18 older community-dwelling people with and without history of falls. Participants were purposively selected and divided into two groups. Each group met on six occasions over a period of five months. Participatory and Appreciative Action and Reflection methodology was used to guide the discussions. A qualitative content analysis approach was used in the analysis. Results. Older participants had many diverse preferences and confirmed that individually tailored exercise, in terms of mode, intensity, challenge, and social context, is important. Moreover, important factors for exercise adherence and maintenance included the experience of individual confirmation; different spirit lifters to increase enjoyment; and personal tricks to maintain exercise routines. The individual differences within genders were more diverse than the differences between women and men. Conclusion. Exercise interventions to prevent falls should be individually tailored, based on the specific needs and preferences of the older participant, and do not appear to require gender specific approaches. To increase adherence, intrinsic motivation for exercise may be encouraged by competence enhancing confirmations, energizing spirit lifters, and practical tips for exercise maintenance. The study provides an awareness about women’s and men’s preferences for fall prevention exercises, and this information could be used as guidance in designing inclusive exercise interventions.
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| 10. |
- Sandlund, Marlene, et al.
(författare)
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Gender perspectives on views and preferences of older people on exercise to prevent falls : mixed studies review
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDTo offer fall prevention exercise programs that attract older people of both sexes there is a need to understand both women's and men's views and preferences regarding these programs. This paper aims to systematically review the literature to explore any underlying gender perspectives or gender interpretations on older people's views or preferences regarding uptake and adherence to exercise to prevent falls.METHODSA review of the literature was carried out using a convergent qualitative design based on systematic searches of seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Amed, PsycINFO, Scopus, PEDro, and OTseeker). Two investigators identified eligible studies. Each included article was read by at least two authors independently to extract data into tables. Views and preferences reported were coded and summarized in themes of facilitators and barriers using a thematic analysis approach.RESULTSNine hundred and nine unique studies were identified. Twenty five studies met the criteria for inclusion. Only five of these contained a gender analysis of men's and women's views on fall prevention exercises. The results suggests that both women and men see women as more receptive to and in more need of fall prevention messages. The synthesis from all 25 studies identified six themes illustrating facilitators and six themes describing barriers for older people either starting or adhering to fall prevention exercise. The facilitators were: support from professionals or family; social interaction; perceived benefits; a supportive exercise context; feelings of commitment; and having fun. Barriers were: practical issues; concerns about exercise; unawareness; reduced health status; lack of support; and lack of interest. Considerably more women than men were included in the studies.CONCLUSIONAlthough there is plenty of information on the facilitators and barriers to falls prevention exercise in older people, there is a distinct lack of studies investigating differences or similarities in older women's and men's views regarding fall prevention exercise. In order to ensure that fall prevention exercise is appealing to both sexes and that the inclusion of both men and women are encouraged, more research is needed to find out whether gender differences exists and whether practitioners need to offer a range of opportunities and support strategies to attract both women and men to falls prevention exercise.
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