| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Rabih, A. A. S., et al.
(författare)
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MEMS-Based Acetone Vapor Sensor for Non-Invasive Screening of Diabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:23, s. 9486-9500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acetone vapor sensing is important for environmental monitoring and non-invasive screening of diabetes mellitus (DM). Inhaling higher than 176 parts per million (ppm) acetone concentrations affects the respiratory system, while acetone in exhaled breath correlates with blood glucose and exhaling more than 1.8 ppm indicates the person is in danger of DM. DM is currently diagnosed invasively by measuring glucose level in blood, which is painful, and therefore inconvenient. This paper reports MEMS sensor device functionalized with blend of Chitosan/Polyethylene glycol polymers for acetone vapor sensing for possible non-invasive screening of diabetes. The sensor was experimentally tested using synthetic acetone vapor, and found to give linear response for 0.05-5 ppm acetone in air, with a sensitivity of 21 mV/ppm, good repeatability, response, and reversibility. Cross-sensitivity for 2-propanol and methanol was examined, where the responses of the sensor to 1 ppm concentration in air of these two analytes were found to be 24% and 33%, respectively, less compared to its response to the same concentration of acetone.
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| 3. |
- Rabih, A. A. S., et al.
(författare)
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MetalMUMPs resonator for acetone vapor sensing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE regional symposium on micro and nanoelectronics (RSM). - : IEEE. - 9781509040292 ; , s. 5-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acetone vapor monitoring is essential in workplace for human health and safety, where exposure to acetone concentration more than 176 parts per million (ppm) can cause damage to eyes, liver, kidneys and central nervous system. In addition, acetone in exhaled breath is known to be good biomarker for non-invasive screening of diabetes. The most common used acetone vapor sensors are based on metal oxide semiconductor sensors, which work at higher temperatures, and hence consume more power. This paper reports MetalMUMPs device for acetone vapor sensing for environmental monitoring. The device is based on electrothermal actuation and capacitive sensing using differential capacitance measurement technique. MS3110 universal capacitive readout circuit was used to readout the small change of the static capacitance when the device is actuated using 0.71 Vrms with a driving frequency range of 0.5 kHz-8 kHz. The output signal of the circuit is given as a voltage and it can be directly related to the capacitance change. The output voltage change was found to increase linearly with increasing the acetone vapor concentration from 100 ppm to 500 ppm with a concentration sensitivity of 0.65 mV/ppm.
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| 4. |
- Tahir, M. H., et al.
(författare)
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Fundamental investigation of the effect of functional groups on the variations of higher heating value
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 253, s. 881-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study is to investigate the effects of functional groups like [sbnd]C[dbnd]C[sbnd]and C[sbnd]OH on variation of higher heating values (HHV)of organic compounds. HHV of fuel hydrocarbons, gaseous and liquids including single bonded and multiple bonded carbons and green tea polyphenols (GTP)were determined by using Bomb Calorimeter. It was observed that, multiple bonded carbon and oxygen bonded carbon i.e. [sbnd]C[dbnd]C[sbnd]and [sbnd]C[sbnd]O[sbnd]result in less carbon reduced state while, also increase endothermicity of reactants by changing hybridization state with more s-character and hence, contribute to lower level of HHV. Besides, hydrogen bonding was also considered as the major cause of the difference in HHV of fuel hydrocarbons having the same molecular formula but different oxygen-bearing functional groups due to structure stabilization. These statements were further supported by the combination of Fourier transform infra-red spectra (FTIR)and HHV calculation of raw GTP (set as a representative of biomass)and its solid products obtained at 250 °C and 350 °C by thermal treatment done by using high temperature tube furnace.
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| 5. |
- Hasan, Imad H., et al.
(författare)
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Generation and Application of Constrained Interaction Test Suites Using Base Forbidden Tuples with a Mixed Neighborhood Tabu Search
- 2020
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Ingår i: International journal of software engineering and knowledge engineering. - Singapore : World Scientific. - 0218-1940. ; 30:3, s. 363-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To ensure the quality of current highly configurable software systems, intensive testing is needed to test all the configuration combinations and detect all the possible faults. This task becomes more challenging for most modern software systems when constraints are given for the configurations. Here, intensive testing is almost impossible, especially considering the additional computation required to resolve the constraints during the test generation process. In addition, this testing process is exhaustive and time-consuming. Combinatorial interaction strategies can systematically reduce the number of test cases to construct a minimal test suite without affecting the effectiveness of the tests. This paper presents a new efficient search-based strategy to generate constrained interaction test suites to cover all possible combinations. The paper also shows a new application of constrained interaction testing in software fault searches. The proposed strategy initially generates the set of all possible t-tuple combinations; then, it filters out the set by removing the forbidden t-tuples using the Base Forbidden Tuple (BFT) approach. The strategy also utilizes a mixed neighborhood tabu search (TS) to construct optimal or near-optimal constrained test suites. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated through a comparison against two well-known state-of-the-art tools. The evaluation consists of three sets of experiments for 35 standard benchmarks. Additionally, the effectiveness and quality of the results are assessed using a real-world case study. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy outperforms one of the competitive strategies, ACTS, for approximately 83% of the benchmarks and achieves similar results to CASA for 65% of the benchmarks when the interaction strength is 2. For an interaction strength of 3, the proposed method outperforms other competitive strategies for approximately 60% and 42% of the benchmarks. The proposed strategy can also generate constrained interaction test suites for an interaction strength of 4, which is not possible for many strategies. The real-world case study shows that the generated test suites can effectively detect injected faults using mutation testing.
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| 6. |
- Khan, Muhammad Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Physicochemical and FTIR Study of Diesel-Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Blend
- 2018
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Ingår i: 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH (IC-STAR). - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physicochemical properties of combustion fuels play a key role in determining the qualitative and quantitative characteristics, reliability and health effects associated with emissions. This paper reports the preparation of polysaccharide (PS) based emulsifier for stable blending of petroleum diesel-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and investigated the influence of H2O2 as diesel fuel blends on the physicochemical properties and characteristics. The quantity of PS-emulsifier was kept at 5 volume % (vol. %) and the volume ratio of H2O2 were varied 5-15 vol. % to reference diesel (RD), respectively. The blended diesel/H2O2 fuel were prepared under inert oxygen (O2) gas closed heating system; afterthought, physiochemical properties of diesel/H2O2 blend were evaluated at standard ASTM D-975 testing method. The kinetic properties show the interaction of RD and H2O2 blend at presence of PS emulsifier which exhibit the phenomenon to diminish the interfacial tension among the two different phases to form a homogenized stable solution. Results revealed that H2O2 is capable of enhancing the diesel fuel properties and showed that the addition of H2O2 in a diesel fuel blend are lied within the ranges of standard ASTM D-975. Due to further oxygen atom present in H2O2, it can facilitate the combustion process which ultimately effect on exhaust emission.
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