| 1. |
- Al-Fawzy, Ali Mekki, et al.
(författare)
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Detention and Release in Stepped Gabion Weir: Case of Four Steps
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Recent Innovation in Engineering ICRIE 2023, University of Duhok, College of Engineering, 13th – 14th September 2023. - : University of Garmian. ; , s. 439-452
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of water scarcity can be noticed clearly in the lined canals which provide the irrigation networks. Using porous structures like gabion weirs contributes as a part solution to this problem. In the current study, a laboratory flume was used to calculate the water depths upstream and downstream of the stepped gabion weir that is to be put inside it at a certain distance, and this flume comes with dimensions of 10 m long by 0.30 m wide and 0.50 m height. While the tested hydraulic model of the weir was built with dimensions of 0.30 m width by 0.40 m maximum height, and five lengths with different total distance of 0.88, 0.96, 1.08, 1.12, and 1.20 m respectively. The used gravel samples to fill the gabions were of monosize query gravel with diameters ranging between 0.0095-0.0140, 0.0140-0.0190, 0.0190-0.0250, 0.0250-0.0375, and 0.0375-0.0500 m in a respective way. While the values of discharge, measured during the experiments were in the range of 0.0007-0.0150 m3/s, and a total of 175 trial tests. This study achieved that the detention depth value decreases by increasing the diameter of the gravel sample used, but there is no effect of the gravel sample on the value of release depth, the different illustrated formulas for the detention and release depths maybe can be used usefully for design and scheduling actions in the field where it gave a reasonable matching between the measured and the calculated values of the studied depths, and finally, the errors percentage in an average value for both detention and release tested values were 5.278% and -0.265% respectively
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| 2. |
- Al-Maliki, Laheab A, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change impact on water resources of Iraq (a review of literature)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Water Resources in Iraq: Perspectives and Prognosis (ICWRPP 2022). - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maintaining natural processes and supporting social and economic growth depend heavily on water supplies. However, Future climate is predicted to bring higher temperatures, which will increase evapotranspiration; lower precipitation totals; and changes in the seasonal pattern of precipitation. Iraq is more vulnerable to climate change than other nations due to the underdeveloped and fragile water management systems there, as well as the country's desert and warmer environment and increasing sensitivity to extreme weather events. The present work aims to analyse the literature dealing with climate change's effects on water resources in Iraq. The Scopus database was searched using the keywords (Iraq, models of climate change, and water resources). Most models study the effect of high temperatures and evaporation on water resources using different tools, the most important of which are SWAT, LARS-WG, and HEC-HM. The analysis of previous studies shows that the results of all the literature concordant that Iraq is on the verge of severe water scarcity due to high temperatures and the resulting decrease in rainfall, increase in evaporation, decrease in vegetation cover and increase in desertification.
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| 3. |
- Chabuk, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Application ArcGIS on Modified-WQI Method to Evaluate Water Quality of the Euphrates River, Iraq, Using Physicochemical Parameters
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Sixth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. - Singapore : Springer. ; , s. 657-675
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global interest of the water bodies due to the water scarcity crisis encourages researchers to study the details water environment in different aspects. Consequently, this study objective to evaluate the water quality in the Euphrates River through adopted 11 physicochemical parameters measured at 16 locations during the 3 years (2009–2011) for both seasons (dry and wet). In this study, the water quality index model (WQIM) was calculated after modifying the weighted arithmetic method to define as MWQI. The chosen parameters were comprised of Cl, SO4, HCO3, NO3, Na, K, Ca, Mg, TH, TDS, and EC. For the river section of locations (L.1–L.10), all readings of the selected parameters (expected HCO3) were increased more and more. Then, all concentrations of parameters were recorded the high increasing after location (L.10) at locations (L.11–L.14). The concentrations situation of HCO3 were verse vice at all locations. For the average values of 3 years (wet, dry, total), the MWQI of section length of the Euphrates River at locations (L.1–L.10) were classified as good water quality (class, C-II). The river section at locations (L.11–L.16, excepted L.13) was classified as poor water quality (class, C-III), while the location (L.13) was classified as very poor (class, C-IV). The interpolation prediction maps of the average readings (total, dry, and wet) of the Euphrates River were output in GIS using the interpolation model of IDWM.
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| 4. |
- Hommadi, Ali H., et al.
(författare)
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Scheduling the Laterals of Shattulhilla River by Utilizing the Genetic Algorithm as Water Sustainability Technique
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Recent Innovation in Engineering ICRIE 2023, University of Duhok, College of Engineering, 13th – 14th September 2023. - : University of Garmian. ; , s. 84-93
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open channels are very important to deliver water from main sources to laterals especially for developing countries. Production is subjective by the way that the water is scheduled, and this scheduling is subject to several irrigation constraints. In open channel projects, for instance, maximum discharge of the laterals and main channels, depending on the size of their dimensions and the water requirements for fields. The current paper shows how efficient water scheduling, regarding the delivering water from the main channel to laterals in consequent time slots, can be done by utilizing a genetic algorithm optimisation technique. This research is intended to be applied for scheduling the Shattulhilla River in Babylon City and has broad applications for open channel projects in Iraq. The obtained results clarify how the genetic algorithm optimisation modelling is a sophisticated tool which operators of irrigation projects could now utilize to timetable open channels of irrigation systems.
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| 5. |
- Al-Madhlom, Qais, et al.
(författare)
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Seepage Velocity Mapping Using ArcMap/GIS Software
- 2021
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Ingår i: Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition). - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 1689-1695
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater flows from high to low hydraulic head regions. This flow is controlled by Darcy velocity equation. Darcy velocity represents the flow velocity within the cross-sectional area of the soil. Actually, however, groundwater flows at a higher velocity than that of Darcy’s, called seepage velocity. Seepage velocity considers the real area (pores area) that is available for groundwater flow in calculations. There are many applications which are affected by the seepage/Darcy velocity, e.g., underground thermal energy storage systems and contaminants transfer in soil. In spite of the importance of Darcy/seepage velocity in many applications, there is no specific method to depict these velocities on a large-scale map. This paper proposed a tool that can be used to depict the seepage velocity on a large scale. The considered tool is offered by ArcMap/GIS software. To explain how this tool works, Babylon (Iraq) was considered as a study area.
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| 6. |
- Al-Madhlom, Qais, et al.
(författare)
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Site Selection Criteria of UTES Systems in Hot Climate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the XVII ECSMGE-2019. - Iceland : The Icelandic Geotechnical Society (IGS). ; , s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Underground Thermal Energy Storage UTES systems are widely used around the world. The reason is that UTES is essential in utilizing Renewable Energy sources (RE). The efficiency of the energy system relies strongly on the efficiency of the storage system. Therefore, in the installation of a hyper-energy system, a lot of attention is to be paid in improving the storage system. In order to design an efficient storage system, firstly, standard criteria are to be investigated. These explain the process of making high efficiency storage system that must be specified. The criteria, mainly, depends on: best type and best location. These two variables are in high interference with each other. The bond between the two variables is represented by the geological, hydrological, meteorological, soil, hydrogeological properties/factors of the site. These factors are specified by geo-energy mapping. Despite the importance of this type of mapping, there is no specific criteria/formula that defines the choice. This paper aims to: give a brief literature review for UTES systems (types, classification, advantages/disadvantages for each type, and examples of an installed system). In addition, some factors within geo-energy mapping are highlighted and standard criteria to achieve good storage system are suggested. The suggested criterion comprises a process to transfer the quantity values to quality values according to the expert opinion. The suggested criteria are defined through the following stages: selecting the best type of UTES systems according to hydro-geological in site conditions; using the analytical hierarchy process to rank the best location to install the storage system and then using ArcMap (GIS-Software) to provide representative results as maps. Karbala Province (Iraq) is the study area used here
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| 7. |
- Al-Taie, Laith, et al.
(författare)
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Hazardous wastes problems in Iraq : a suggestion for an environmental solution
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Iraq passed through many destructive wars where the country infrastructures have been destroyed. Consequently, various types of hazardous wastes generated from 1991 and 2003 wars are exposed in different parts of Iraq without any aspect of human and environment considerations. Contaminants are found in the form of contaminated rubble with depleted uranium (DU). Landfill disposal is still an economical and vital solution that should serve between 500-1000 years for confining hazardous wastes like DU. The longevity of a hazardous waste landfill is mainly controlled by clay based liners. There are many factors affecting the performance of clay liners. These factors were discussed in this research. The main requirements of hazardous waste landfills were listed according to USEPA and German regulations. Finally, the main aspects of landfill siting criteria in Iraq were suggested.
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| 8. |
- Al-Taie, Laith, et al.
(författare)
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Hydraulic properties of smectite clays from Iraq with special respect to landfills of DU-contaminated waste
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Landfills of material contaminated by depleted uranium and other low-level radioactive waste must be isolated from the biosphere for a sufficiently long time. This can be effectively made in desert climate by collecting contaminated waste in suitable areas confined by tight embankments and covering them with very tight clay liners protected from desiccation and erosion by suitably composed filters and coarse rock fill. Examples of design principles and construction are described in the paper. The clay liners are made of air-dry expanding clay that can be found in sufficient quantities in Iraq and that provide very good tightness at low cost. The construction technique is well known from various projects.
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| 9. |
- Al-Taie, Laith, et al.
(författare)
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Proposed site selection criteria for hazardous waste disposal facilities in Iraq
- 2012
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Ingår i: Waste Management and the Environment VI. - : WIT Press. - 9781845646066 - 9781845646073 ; , s. 309-319
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hazardous wastes in Iraq can be considered as a looming crisis due to its severe impact on health and environment after the 1991 and 2003 wars. The most dangerous type is depleted uranium waste. It is classified by EU and USEPA as Low-Level radioactive Waste and a simple and sufficiently safe way of isolating it from the biosphere is to turn it into a landfill confined within tight dikes. Selection of a disposal site requires a number of conditions to be fulfilled, like socio/economic, environmental and geotechnical criteria, which, in combination, determine where such landfills can be located. This is particularly obvious for Iraq, with its large desertic areas that are available for constructing landfills of hazardous waste. The climatic conditions are suitable and the deep groundwater level valuable for minimizing or avoiding contamination of the area. Heavy rain may occasionally fall requiring special measures to be taken for maintaining stability and tightness. This paper lists suitable site selection criteria for landfills of hazardous waste with special respect to Iraq. An example of a suitable disposal site is described and assessed.
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| 10. |
- Chabuk, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Application GIS Software to Determine the Distribution of T.D.S. Concentrations Along the Tigris River
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2nd Virtual International Scintific Agrticultural Conference 21-22 January 2021, Iraq. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tigris River is a major source to supply water for a big part of Iraq. Lately, Iraq has experienced water shortage problems such as variability in climate and the building of huge dams in the upstream countries (Turkey and Iran). In this work, the total dissolved salts (T.D.S.) were measured at fourteen sites on the Tigris River in two periods of the year 2014. The first period consisted of six rainy-months (April–September) and the second period covered non-rainy-months (October-March). Interpolation technique of inverse-distance-weighting (I.D.W.) in ArcGIS was applied to create the prediction maps of the river for (T.D.S.) concentration in both periods. The findings revealed that the (T.D.S.) levels continued to the last site in Al-Qurnah-city (Basrah) from the first site in Fish-Khabur-city (S-1). In the first period, the (T.D.S.) levels at fourteen selected sites were over the levels in the second period. According to World-Health-Organization (2003), the (T.D.S.) concentration on the Tigris River in both periods in 2014 was graded into five classes, then, the prediction maps of the (T.D.S.) classifications were created.
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