| 1. |
- Al-Hammadany, Firas H., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the Purpose of Using Internet in Iraq: A Multinomial Logit Model
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology. - 2069-5934. ; 1:6, s. 1-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet accessibility is positively correlated with infrastructure development and nature of government policies. Though Iraq has shown considerable increase in Internet connectivity, it constitutes only 10 % of its population. In this study, the significant factors determining the use and non-use of Internet have been identified and analyzed. The results revealed that human development, human capital, institutional and legal environment, existing technologies, government policy making and income levels affect the Internet accessibility. The non-Internet users mainly comprised from 12-25 years age group. Similarly, high school and diploma students constituted significant proportion ofnon-Internet users. Lack of awareness and poor access to Internet facility were quoted as the most significant factors that resulted in the poor Internet accessibility which were supported by the used multinomial logit model. Low income level of the people resulted in non-use of Internet. The use of Internet was found to be highest among those with high level of education. Hence, the measures like provision of ICT based training programs, effective government policy for prioritizing Internet in education sector and allowing most advanced Internet technologies in e-governance and increased efforts for enhancing human development and human capital would enhance the rate of Internet accessibility in Iraq.
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| 2. |
- Al-Hammadany, Firas H., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Internet Use in Iraq
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Internet is considered to be today's most advanced technology and a key to progress of communication and exchange of information, goods, services and technologies. Since its introduction during the late 1960s, the Internet has led to the creation of opportunities and conditions of development both for the developed and developing nations around the globe. Not all nations though welcome this particular tool of world connection. Iraq is facing huge challenges in increasing Internet penetration and usage and changing the traditional way of communication. However, this is a difficult task as there are many factors that define this transition process. This issue and more shall be better presented in this study. Through the use of a suitable approach, this study aims to explain the determinants of Internet use in Iraq. The results indicate that while the people of Iraq are eager to adopt this technology in order to reach out to the world, a number of factors like lack of adequate resources, insufficient incentives and encouragement from the government and some social inhibitions are not allowing this technology to become a public domain.
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| 3. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Internet Usage Intensity in Iraq: An Ordered Logit Model
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology. - 2069-5934. ; 3:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensity of Internet use is significantly influenced by government policies, people’s levels of income, education, employment and general development and economic conditions. Iraq has very low Internet usage levels compared to the region and the world. This study uses an ordered logit model to analyse the intensity of Internet use in Iraq. The results showed that economic reasons (internet cost and income level) were key cause for low level usage intensity rates. About 68% of the population revealed that Internet access at homes is costly. Thus, it is no wonder that Internet cafés is the most commonly used mode of Internet use followed by broadband and dial-up connections. Iraq has to develop proper strategies to enhance the rate of Internet use in the country. These strategies need to focus on decreasing internet access prices, increasing awareness about the importance of the technology and internet education in schools and universities.
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| 4. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Multinomial logit model of choices of Internet modes in Iraq
- 2014
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Ingår i: Business and Economic Research. - : Macrothink Institute, Inc.. - 2162-4860. ; 4:2, s. 114-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iraq is a country that has the potential to explode onto the Internet market due to the fact that much of Iraq is still largely without access to the Internet. Iraq’s market has much room for corporate and individual investments in Internet technology, mainly, Internet access. However, this requires a deep understanding of the user with regards to the Internet and the market characteristics involved. This study is concerned with the users’ choice of Internet mode connections in Iraq. There are several determinants of Internet use, namely, age, education, employment, utilization, and location. Through use of the multinomial logit models, these variables are analysed to define their numerical values and relevance to the Internet modes of choice in Iraq.
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