| 1. |
- Hochberg, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigenetic programming
- 2011
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Ingår i: Endocrine reviews. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0163-769X .- 1945-7189. ; 32:2, s. 159-224
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments. Environmental conditions that are experienced in early life can profoundly influence human biology and long-term health. Developmental origins of health and disease and life-history transitions are purported to use placental, nutritional, and endocrine cues for setting long-term biological, mental, and behavioral strategies in response to local ecological and/or social conditions. The window of developmental plasticity extends from preconception to early childhood and involves epigenetic responses to environmental changes, which exert their effects during life-history phase transitions. These epigenetic responses influence development, cell- and tissue-specific gene expression, and sexual dimorphism, and, in exceptional cases, could be transmitted transgenerationally. Translational epigenetic research in child health is a reiterative process that ranges from research in the basic sciences, preclinical research, and pediatric clinical research. Identifying the epigenetic consequences of fetal programming creates potential applications in clinical practice: the development of epigenetic biomarkers for early diagnosis of disease, the ability to identify susceptible individuals at risk for adult diseases, and the development of novel preventive and curative measures that are based on diet and/or novel epigenetic drugs.
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| 2. |
- Wit, J M., et al.
(författare)
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Personalized Approach to Growth Hormone Treatment: Clinical Use of Growth Prediction Models
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - : Karger. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 79:5, s. 257-270
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of growth hormone (GH) treatment in a short child is to attain a fast catch-up growth toward the target height (TH) standard deviation score (SDS), followed by a maintenance phase, a proper pubertal height gain, and an adult height close to TH. The short-term response variable of GH treatment, first-year height velocity (HV) (cm/year or change in height SDS), can either be compared with GH response charts for diagnosis, age and gender, or with predicted HV based on prediction models. Three types of prediction models have been described: the Kabi International Growth Hormone Study models, the Gothenburg models and the Cologne model. With these models, 50-80% of the variance could be explained. When used prospectively, individualized dosing reduces the variation in growth response in comparison with a fixed dose per body weight. Insulin-like growth factor-I-based dose titration also led to a decrease in the variation. It is uncertain whether adding biochemical, genetic or proteomic markers may improve the accuracy of the prediction. Prediction models may lead to a more evidence-based approach to determine the GH dose regimen and may reduce the drug costs for GH treatment. There is a need for user-friendly software programs to make prediction models easily available in the clinic.
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| 3. |
- Lindblad, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Polymers from renewable resources
- 2002
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Ingår i: Advances in Polymer Science. - 0065-3195 .- 1436-5030. ; 157, s. 139-161
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the point of view of making novel polymers with inherent environment-favorable properties such as renewability and degradability, a series of interesting monomers are found in the metabolisms and cycles of nature. This review presents and discusses a number of aliphatic polyesters which show interesting applications as biomedical materials and degradable packages. Available from nature are amino acids, microbial metabolites from the conversion of glucose and other monosaccharides (e.g., acetic acid, acetone, 2,3-butanediol, butyric acid, isopropanol, propionic acid), lactic acid, ethanol and fatty acids. A series of biodegradable polymers with different properties and different potential industrial uses were made starting with succinic acid and/or 1,3-propanediol. There were two routes for making the polyester-based materials; the direct ring-opening polymerization of lactones (cyclic esters) synthesized from 1,3-propanediol, and the chain-extension of alpha,omega-dihydroxy-terminated oligomeric polyesters produced by thermal polycondensation of 1,3-propanediol and succinic acid (oligo(propylene succinate)s).
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