| 1. |
- Korablev, Oleg I., et al.
(författare)
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Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars: A Mast-Mounted Instrument for the Rover
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astrobiology. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1531-1074 .- 1557-8070. ; 17:6-7, s. 542-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ISEM (Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars) is a pencil-beam infrared spectrometer that will measure reflected solar radiation in the near infrared range for context assessment of the surface mineralogy in the vicinity of the ExoMars rover. The instrument will be accommodated on the mast of the rover and will be operated together with the panoramic camera (PanCam), high-resolution camera (HRC). ISEM will study the mineralogical and petrographic composition of the martian surface in the vicinity of the rover, and in combination with the other remote sensing instruments, it will aid in the selection of potential targets for close-up investigations and drilling sites. Of particular scientific interest are water-bearing minerals, such as phyllosilicates, sulfates, carbonates, and minerals indicative of astrobiological potential, such as borates, nitrates, and ammonium-bearing minerals. The instrument has an ∼1° field of view and covers the spectral range between 1.15 and 3.30 μm with a spectral resolution varying from 3.3 nm at 1.15 μm to 28 nm at 3.30 μm. The ISEM optical head is mounted on the mast, and its electronics box is located inside the rover's body. The spectrometer uses an acousto-optic tunable filter and a Peltier-cooled InAs detector. The mass of ISEM is 1.74 kg, including the electronics and harness. The science objectives of the experiment, the instrument design, and operational scenarios are described.
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| 2. |
- Aksenova, N.A., et al.
(författare)
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Structural studies of C60 polymerized at high pressure
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Symposium on Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials. - Pennington, NJ : Electrochemical Society, Incorporated. - 1566771927
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ivanov, Alexander V., et al.
(författare)
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Chemisorption Synthesis of the Ion-Polymeric Heteronuclear Gold(III)-Bismuth(III) Complex ([Au{S2CN(C3H7)2}2]3[Bi2Cl9])n Based on [Bi2{S2CN(C3H7)2}6]: 13C MAS NMR, Supramolecular Structure, and Thermal Behavior
- 2018
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Ingår i: Russian journal of coordination chemistry. - : Springer. - 1070-3284 .- 1608-3318. ; 44:8, s. 518-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemisorption synthesis on the basis of the binuclear compound [Bi2{S2CN(C3H7)2}6] (I) and preparative isolation of the ion-polymeric heteronuclear gold(III)-bismuth(III) complex ([Au{S2CN(C3H7)2}2]3[Bi2Cl9])n (II) are carried out. Compounds I and II are characterized in comparison by IR spectroscopy and 13C CP-MAS NMR. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis data (CIF file CCDC no. 1407705), the cationic moiety of compound II exhibits an unusually complicated supramolecular structure including six isomeric noncentrosymmetric complex cations [Au{S2CN(C3H7)2}2]+ (hereinafter A-F) and two binuclear anions [Bi2Cl9]3- as conformers. The isomeric gold(III) cations perform various structural functions. Owing to pair secondary interactions Au···S, cations B, C, E, and F form centrosymmetric ([E···E], [F···F]) and noncentrosymmetric ([B···C]) binuclear aggregates [Au2{S2CN(C3H7)2}4]2+, whereas cations A and D are not involved in dimerization. The strongest secondary Au···S bonds are formed between the binuclear and mononuclear cations, resulting in the formation of supramolecular cation-cationic polymer chains of two types: (⋅⋅⋅A⋅⋅⋅[B⋅⋅⋅C]⋅⋅⋅A⋅⋅⋅[B⋅⋅⋅C]⋅⋅⋅)n and (D⋅⋅⋅[E⋅⋅⋅E]⋅⋅⋅D⋅⋅⋅[F⋅⋅⋅F]⋅⋅⋅])n. In both chains, the gold atoms of the binuclear cations are characterized by a distorted octahedral coordination [S6], whereas in the mononuclear cations the gold atoms retain the square environment [S4]. The cation-anionic interactions are provided by secondary bonds Cl⋅⋅⋅S involving the terminal chlorine atoms of isomeric [Bi2Cl9]3- and the sulfur atoms of the binuclear cations [Au2{S2CN(C3H7)2}4]2+. The character of the thermal behavior of compounds I and II is studied by simultaneous thermal analysis with the identification of intermediate and final products of the thermal transformations. The thermolysis of compound I at 193-320°C is accompanied by the formation of Bi2S3 with an impurity of reduced metallic bismuth particles. The final products of the thermal transformations of compound II are reduced elemental gold and Bi2O3, and the thermal transformation intermediates are BiCl3 and Bi2S3.
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| 6. |
- Mases, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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In situ electrical conductivity and Raman study of C60 tetragonal polymerat high pressures up to 30 GPa
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 274:11/12, s. 3068-3071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theory predicts that tetragonal polymeric C60 will undergo a phase transition into a metallic phase at pressures around 20 GPa. Raman and structural experiments at high pressures confirmed formation of a new phase above 20 GPa although the question about its electrical properties was still open. We report on the first simultaneous in situ study of vibrational and electrical properties of two-dimensional (2D) tetragonal C60 polymer at pressures up to 30 GPa in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) specially designed for this purpose. Our results reveal an anomaly in Raman spectra and a drop in electrical resistance of the sample at 20-25 GPa. We tentatively associate this anomalous behaviour with a phase transition into the conductive phase although its metallic character is yet to be proven.At high pressures the Raman spectra exhibit a high degree of disorder. Upon pressure release the order was partially restored and, more importantly, a significant amount of the initial 2D polymeric phase was recovered.
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| 7. |
- Prikhna, Tatjana A., et al.
(författare)
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High-pressure synthesized nanostructural MgB2 materials with high performance of superconductivity, suitable for fault current limitation and other applications
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 21:3, s. 2694-2697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A variety of samples made via different routes were investigated. Samples are nanostructured (average grain sizes are about 20 nm). The advantage of high-pressure (HP)-manufactured (2 GPa, 800-1050 degrees C, 1 h) MgB2 bulk is the possibility to get almost theoretically dense (1-2% porosity) material with very high critical current densities reaching at 20 K, in 0-1 T j(c) = 1.2 - 1.0 . 10(6) A/cm(2) (with 10% SiC doping) and j(c) = 9.2 - 7.3 10(5) A/cm(2) (without doping). Mechanical properties are also very high: fracture toughness up to 4.4 +/- 0.04 MPa . m(0.5) and 7.6 +/- 2.0 MPa . m(0.5) at 148.8 N load for MgB2 undoped and doped with 10% Ta, respectively. The HP-synthesized material at moderate temperature (2 GPa, 600 degrees C, 1 h) from B with high amount of impurity C (3.15%) and H (0.87%) has j(c) = 10(3) A/cm(2) in 8 T field at 20 K, highest irreversibility fields (at 18.4 K H-irr = 15 T) and upper critical fields (at 22 K H-C2 = 15 T) but 17% porosity. HP materials with stoichiometry near MgB12 can have T-c = 37 K and j(c) = 6 . 10(4) A/cm(2) at 0 T and H-irr = 5 T at 20 K. The spark plasma synthesized (SPS) material (50 MPa, 600-1050 degrees C 1.3 h, without additions), demonstrated at 20 K, in 0-1 T j(c) = 4.5 - 4 10(5) A/cm(2). Dispersed inclusions of higher magnesium borides, which are usually present in MgB2 structure and obviously create new pinning centers can be revealed by Raman spectroscopy (for the first time a spectrum of MgB7 was obtained). Tests of quench behavior, losses on MgB2 rings and material thermal conductivity show promising properties for fault current limiters. Due to high critical fields, the material can be used for magnets.
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| 8. |
- Prikhna, T., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of high pressure on the physical properties of MgB2
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 24:5, s. 137-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of MgB2-based materials under high pressure gave the possibility to suppress the evaporation of magnesium and to obtain near theoretically dense nanograined structures with high superconducting, thermal conducting, and mechanical characteristics: critical current densities of 1.8-1.0×106 A/cm2 in the self-field and 103 A/cm2 in a magnetic field of 8 T at 20 K, 5-3×105 A/cm2 in self-field at 30 K, the corresponding critical fields being Hc2=15 T at 22 K and irreversible fields Hirr=13 T at 20 K, and Hirr=3.5 T at 30 K, thermal conduction of 53±2 W/(m{dot operator}K), the Vickers hardness HV=10.12±0.2 GPa under a load of 148.8 N and the fracture toughness K1 C=7.6±2.0 MPa{dot operator}m0.5 under the same load, the Young modulus E=213 GPa. Estimation of quenching current and AC losses allowed the conclusion that high-pressure-prepared materials are promising for application in transformer-type fault current limiters working at 20-30 K.
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| 9. |
- Yaghootkar, Hanieh, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Studies of Leptin Concentrations Implicate Leptin in the Regulation of Early Adiposity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 69:12, s. 2806-2818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin influences food intake by informing the brain about the status of body fat stores. Rare LEP mutations associated with congenital leptin deficiency cause severe early-onset obesity that can be mitigated by administering leptin. However, the role of genetic regulation of leptin in polygenic obesity remains poorly understood. We performed an exome-based analysis in up to 57,232 individuals of diverse ancestries to identify genetic variants that influence adiposity-adjusted leptin concentrations. We identify five novel variants, including four missense variants, in LEP, ZNF800, KLHL31, and ACTL9, and one intergenic variant near KLF14. The missense variant Val94Met (rs17151919) in LEP was common in individuals of African ancestry only, and its association with lower leptin concentrations was specific to this ancestry (P = 2 × 10-16, n = 3,901). Using in vitro analyses, we show that the Met94 allele decreases leptin secretion. We also show that the Met94 allele is associated with higher BMI in young African-ancestry children but not in adults, suggesting that leptin regulates early adiposity.
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| 10. |
- Aleksandrovski, A. N., et al.
(författare)
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Anomalies of the plastic deformation of solid parahydrogen
- 1987
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Ingår i: Soviet Journal of Low Temperature Physics. - 0360-0335. ; 13:10, s. 623-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The work hardening curves σ(ε) of special-purity parahydrogen single crystals are obtained in the temperature range 2-6 °K at very low stresses (σ=5 10 - 2 g/mm2). Our study reveals a number of anomalies, in particular an effect whereby a sample recovers its dimensions after plastic deformation reaching 7%. The work hardening curves of solid neon are also obtained for comparison. The gravity-induced downward flow of parahydrogen single crystals at helium temperatures mentioned in the literature has not been observed.
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