| 1. |
- Ahmed, Sheikh Ali, Senior Lecturer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Anatomical, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Durability Properties of Two Rattan Species of Different Diameter Classes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forests. - Switzerland : MDPI. - 1999-4907 .- 1999-4907. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rattan cane is an important forest product with economic value. Its anatomical, physical, and biological properties vary with the cane height. This makes it difficult to select the appropriate cane diameter for harvesting. Understanding the material properties of rattan cane with different diameter sizes is important to enhance its utilization and performance for different end uses. Thus, the present study was performed on two rattan species, Calamus zollingeri and Calamus ornatus, at two different cane heights (bottom/mature and top/juvenile). Calamus zollingeri was studied at diameter classes of 20 mm and 30 mm, while Calamus ornatus was analyzed at a diameter class of 15 mm. The anatomical properties, basic density, volumetric swelling, dynamic moisture sorption, and biological durability of rattan samples were studied. The results showed that C. zollingeri with a 20 mm diameter exhibited the highest basic density, hydrophobicity, dimensional stability, and durability against mold and white-rot (Trametes versicolor) fungi. As confirmed by anatomical studies, this could be due to the higher vascular bundle frequency and longer thick-walled fibers that led to a denser structure than in the other categories. In addition, the lignin content might have a positive effect on the mass loss of different rattan canes caused by white-rot decay.
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| 2. |
- Jones, Grace
(författare)
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Birch Stem and Wood Traits in Genetic and Silviculture Trials in Southern Sweden
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish tree species of birch (silver: Betula pendula and downy: B. pubescens) are often neglected during forest management activities, resulting in low value logs. This thesis investigated birch stem characteristics and wood properties important for solid wood products, in genetics and management trials in southern Sweden. As well as visual stem size and form measurements, non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT) tools were used to indirectly estimate wood density (hardness), wood stiffness, and grain angle.The results of this work suggest that for the 19-year-old silver birch and 15-year-old downy birch sites, important solid wood traits were under a reasonable degree of genetic control. It seems possible to breed birch to improve grain angle since heritability and genetic variation was high for this trait. Silver birch genotypes are expected to perform similarly across sites. At a site with both birch species, silver birch was larger with denser wood than downy birch. Few genetic correlations between measurements means selection for one trait will not inadvertently affect another trait. The radial density profiles showed density was continuing to increase. Acoustic velocity (AV) and fibre length were highly correlated, hardness and density were related, and ring width was related to ring density. In a 35-year-old planted Norway spruce stand, naturally regenerated birch AV was not different between treatments (20% or 50% of plot trees were birch by number). However, a correlation was observed between DBH and AV. This older site may reflect common Swedish conditions since planting birch is rare, and likely had more mature birch wood than the genetics trials. Although meeting an immediate need for studies of birch wood properties from managed stands, this work covered few sites. To meet this limitation the tools and techniques applied in this thesis could be used in further studies. The results of this thesis work will be of interest to forest managers who want to breed birch, or select birch stands, for solid wood products.
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| 3. |
- Kamran, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroquinone; a novel bioactive compound from plant-derived smoke can cue seed germination of lettuce
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemistry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2646. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant-derived smoke has been known to play an important role in distribution and growth of vegetation. Using a proficiently designed furnace, we extracted smoke from the leaves of four plant viz. Helianthus annuus,Aloe vera,Ginkgo biloba, and Cymbopogon jwarancusa. Smoke dilutions obtained from these plants were obtained in different concentrations to identify potential lettuce growth promoting smoke solution. Results revealed that smoke obtained from G. biloba significantly enhanced the lettuce seed germination. This solution was then partitioned into ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n-hexane, chloroform and ether fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction was found to be potent to enhance seed germination. This fraction was subjected to column chromatography and spectroscopic techniques to obtain compound 1. This compound was identified as hydroquinone using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. At low concentrations (5, 10, and 20 ppm), compound 1 enhanced the lettuce seed germination; however, higher concentrations inhibited its growth as compared to control.
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| 4. |
- Vishwakarma, Dinesh Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of soil moisture movement and wetting behavior under point-source trickle irrigation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design and selection of ideal emitter discharge rates can be aided by accurate information regarding the wetted soil pattern under surface drip irrigation. The current field investigation was conducted in an apple orchard in SKUAST- Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, a Union Territory of India, during 2017–2019. The objective of the experiment was to examine the movement of moisture over time and assess the extent of wetting in both horizontal and vertical directions under point source drip irrigation with discharge rates of 2, 4, and 8 L h−1. At 30, 60, and 120 min since the beginning of irrigation, a soil pit was dug across the length of the wetted area on the surface in order to measure the wetting pattern. For measuring the soil moisture movement and wetted soil width and depth, three replicas of soil samples were collected according to the treatment and the average value were considered. As a result, 54 different experiments were conducted, resulting in the digging of pits [3 emitter discharge rates × 3 application times × 3 replications × 2 (after application and 24 after application)]. This study utilized the Drip-Irriwater model to evaluate and validate the accuracy of predictions of wetting fronts and soil moisture dynamics in both orientations. Results showed that the modeled values were very close to the actual field values, with a mean absolute error of 0.018, a mean bias error of 0.0005, a mean absolute percentage error of 7.3, a root mean square error of 0.023, a Pearson coefficient of 0.951, a coefficient of correlation of 0.918, and a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient of 0.887. The wetted width just after irrigation was measured at 14.65, 16.65, and 20.62 cm; 16.20, 20.25, and 23.90 cm; and 20.00, 24.50, and 28.81 cm in 2, 4, and 8 L h−1, at 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively, while the wetted depth was observed 13.10, 16.20, and 20.44 cm; 15.10, 21.50, and 26.00 cm; 19.40, 25.00, and 31.00 cm, respectively. As the flow rate from the emitter increased, the amount of moisture dissemination grew (both immediately and 24 h after irrigation). The soil moisture contents were observed 0.4300, 0.3808, 0.2298, 0.1604, and 0.1600 cm3 cm−3 just after irrigation in 2 L h−1 while 0.4300, 0.3841, 0.2385, 0.1607, and 0.1600 cm3 cm−3 were in 4 L h−1 and 0.4300, 0.3852, 0.2417, 0.1608, and 0.1600 cm3 cm−3 were in 8 L h−1 at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm soil depth in 30 min of application time. Similar distinct increments were found in 60, and 120 min of irrigation. The findings suggest that this simple model, which only requires soil, irrigation, and simulation parameters, is a valuable and practical tool for irrigation design. It provides information on soil wetting patterns and soil moisture distribution under a single emitter, which is important for effectively planning and designing a drip irrigation system. Investigating soil wetting patterns and moisture redistribution in the soil profile under point source drip irrigation helps promote efficient planning and design of a drip irrigation system.
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| 5. |
- Abbas, Nasir, et al.
(författare)
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Untargeted-metabolomics differentiation between poultry samples slaughtered with and without detaching spinal cord
- 2020
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Chemistry. - : ELSEVIER. - 1878-5352 .- 1878-5379. ; 13:12, s. 9081-9089
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chicken meat is among the common and relatively inexpensive source of protein consumed worldwide from the poultry industry. Many communities show concern regarding the procedure of slaughtering animals for meat consumption due to ethical, religious, or cultural reasons. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) based untargeted metabolomics of 40 chicken meat samples were evaluated to differentiate meat samples based on slaughtering methods. Samples were grouped into, Zabiha (cutting neck without detaching spinal cord) and Non-Zabiha (completely detaching neck). A volcano plot reveals at least 150 features found significantly different between the two groups having >= 2-fold changes in intensities with p-values <= 0.05. Among them 05 identified and 25 unidentified metabolites have clear differences in peak intensities. The identified features can be employed to differentiate meat obtained from different slaughtering methods. A characteristic pattern based on principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was observed among the groups. The results will benefit Halal certification, food safety, and security agencies to curb food fraud. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
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| 6. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic properties of acetylated wood under different humid conditions and its relevance for musical instruments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Wood Modification 2018, Arnhem, The Netherlands. - The Netherlands : Practicum. ; , s. 236-243
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In musical instrument making, less expensive wood species and materials with good characteristics and acoustical properties can provide potentials to find alternatives to the traditional exotic wood species used today. Modified wood could be such a choice if shows similar sound characteristics to wood coming from endangered and expensive tropical species with problematic commercial availability. In musical instruments, the overall functionality depends on the contribution of wood to different material performance indexes like sound radiation coefficient (R), characteristic impedance (z) and acoustic conversion efficiency (ACE). In this study, the performance indexes were measured for acetylated beech, maple and radiata pine and compared with these obtained for the reference wood materials maple, mahogany, alder and ash. A non-destructive free-free flexural vibration test method was used at constant temperature (20oC) but in different humid conditions- dry (35% RH), standard (65% RH) and wet (85% RH). Dimensional changes in the different humid conditions were also taken in account. Acetylated wood showed lower EMC with higher dimensional stability at each humidity level as compared with the reference wood materials. These properties are considered important factors for making quality musical instruments. Based on the acoustical properties, acetylated wood materials, especially radiata pine, showed good potential for use for musical instruments where specific characteristics of sound are required. However, the other types of acetylated wood can also be used for specific musical instruments.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahmed, Sheikh Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic properties of modified wood under different humid conditions and their relevance for musical instruments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Acoustics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-682X. ; 140, s. 92-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In musical instrument making, there is a strong need to find alternatives to the traditional endangered and expensive tropical wood species used today. The present study examined whether different commercial and experimental modified wood materials have the necessary acoustic qualities under different humid conditions (dry, standard and wet) to contribute to the use of raw materials for wooden musical instruments. The materials were thermally-modified wood (ash, aspen and birch), acetylated wood (beech, maple and radiata pine), melamine- and phenol formaldehyde-treated beech and furfurylated Scots pine (Kebony Scots pine). Investigations involved physical (density ρ, Equilibrium moisture content EMC, volumetric shrinkage) and dynamic elastic testing by a free-free flexural vibration method to determine various acoustic characteristics: specific dynamic modulus (MOEdyn/ρ), damping coefficient (tanδ), speed of sound (c), specific acoustic impedance (z), sound radiation coefficient (R) and acoustic conversion efficiency (ACE). The modified materials and especially acetylated wood showed low EMC values and high dimensional stability at each humidity level, which are considered important factors for making quality musical instruments. Based on the obtained value ranges of all acoustical properties, the different modified wood materials could find uses in musical instruments where specific characteristics of sound are required. Furthermore, most of the modified materials showed an excellent acoustic performance in the three humid conditions based on a high ACE and low tanδ. Furfurylated Scots pine and phenol formaldehyde-treated beech showed an inferior acoustic quality with the lowest ACE and the highest tanδ, which is a less favourable combination for most of the musical instruments.
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| 9. |
- Ahmed, Sheikh Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of oil impregnation on water repellency, dimensional stability and mold susceptibility of thermally-modified European aspen and downy birch wood
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Wood Science. - Japan : Springer. - 1435-0211 .- 1611-4663. ; 63:1, s. 74-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional chemical wood preservatives have been banned or restricted in some applications due to human and animal toxicity and their adverse impact on the surrounding environment. New, low-environmental-impact wood treatments that still provide effective protection systems are needed to protect wood. Thermal modification of wood could reduce hygroscopicity, improve dimensional stability and enhance resistance to mold attack. The aim of this study is to investigate if these properties enhanced in thermally-modified (TM) wood through treatments with oils. In this study, TM European aspen (Populus tremula) and downy birch (Betula pubescens) wood were impregnated with three different types of oil: water-miscible commercial Elit Träskydd (Beckers oil with propiconazole and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, IPBC), a pine tar formulation and 100% tung oil. The properties of oil-impregnated wood investigated were water repellency, dimensional stability and mold susceptibility. The treated wood especially with pine tar and tung oil, showed an increase in water repellency and dimensional stability. However, Beckers oil which contains biocides like propiconazole and IPBC, showed better protection against mold compared with pine tar and tung oil. To enhance the dimensional stability of the wood, pine tar and tung oil can be used, but these oil treatments did not significantly improve mold resistance rather sometimes enhanced the mold growth. Whereas, a significant anti-mold effect was observed on Beckers oil treated samples.
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| 10. |
- Ahmed, Sheikh Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Förstudie: värmebehandling av trä : slutrapport
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet har bedrivits som en förstudie till en större ansökan inom området Värmebehandlat trä för interiört bruk. Projektet inleds med studier av olje- och tjärupptagning i värmebehandlat trä genomen speciell impregneringsmetod som bygger på förvärmning och undertryck i materialet. Tanken är att med denna metod kunna tillföre ytterligare en egenskap som skyddar trä och gör det attraktivt för inomhusbruk genom att t ex blockera den något besvärande luft som kommer från värmebehandlat trä.Projektet syftar till att undersöka möjligheten att med en förenklad impregneringsmetod erhålla tillräcklig penetrering av impregneringsmedel (Becker olja och trätjära) och i samband därmed studera fördelningen av impregneringsmedel i trä.
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