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- Allard, Karin, 1972
(författare)
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Toward a Working Life. Solving the work-family dilemma
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims at identifying factors important in employees’ strive toward combining work and family in a satisfying way. The thesis relies on four papers that focus on the use of parental leave, experiences of work-family conflict and experiences of work-personal life harmonization. Papers I, II and III are based on several surveys of fathers working at private companies in Sweden. Paper IV is based on data from a survey of employed mothers and fathers working for Swedish national governmental authorities. Paper I examines the effects of organizational culture on fathers’ use of paid parental leave benefits. Paper II aims at examining fathers’ experiences of work-family conflict and their perceived extent of family-supportive organizational culture. The association between a family-supportive organizational culture and work-family conflict was also explored. Paper III explores managerial fathers’ flexible working arrangements and experiences of work-family conflict. The aim of Paper IV was to examine parents’ self-reported health and their experiences of work-personal life harmonization. The results of the present investigations suggest that: a) Men’s use of parental leave is affected by the company’s commitment to caring values, level of father-friendliness and support for women’s equal employment opportunities, as well as fathers’ perceptions of support from top managers, and of work-group norms that reward task performance vs. long hours at work; b) Employed fathers who experience their work organization as family-supportive will likely be better able to combine work and family; c) Managerial fathers experience high levels of work-family conflict despite high access to flexible working arrangements; d) Gender egalitarianism in the family and flexible working arrangements are important factors in managerial fathers’ experience of work-family conflict; e) Work-personal life harmonization is positively related to parents’ self-reported health. This thesis contributes to the discussion concerning how the work-family dilemma should be solved. The results reveal employees’ needs for gender equality and informal flexible working arrangements, as well as to work in organizational cultures based on values supporting employees’ efforts to combine work and personal life in a harmonized way. The thesis concludes that work organizations have to assume their responsibility and make efforts that challenge traditional values. If they have the courage to do this, their employees are likely to have better self-reported health and better possibilities for a life that works.
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| 2. |
- Allard, Karin, 1953-
(författare)
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VARFÖR GÖR DE PÅ DETTA VISET? : Kommunikativa praktiker i flerspråkig undervisning med svenskt teckenspråk som medierande redskap
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Applying a human rights perspective on plurilingualism as a national as well as a transnational concern, with a focus on the interaction taking place in foreign language teaching and learning practices at a Swedish Special Needs School for pupils with deafness or impaired hearing, the overall aim of this study is to describe and discuss this interaction in performative terms, i.e. in terms of what is said by whom, to whom, why, and with what consequences. Although extensive research has already been carried out within the field of plurilingualism, for example from linguistic, sociological and political points of departure, research on plurilingualism with regard to foreign language teaching and learning interaction in Swedish sign language contexts has been largely missing. The ambition of this work, therefore, is to add to the diversity of research on plurilingualism. It is also hoped that this work will contribute to the debate in educational politics concerning a human rights perspective on plurilingualism, especially with regard to modern European languages as a transnational issue.Methodologically, an ethnographic approach has been employed to document, by means of two video cameras in combination with field notes, the practices of communication emerging from teacherstudent interaction. Using notions from Conversational Analysis and alongside established conventions of sign language transcription, a model of transcription was designed for the specific purpose of describing, in detail, the plurilingual interaction where Swedish sign language is used as a mediating tool.Three lessons in English and four lessons – or lesson extracts – in Spanish, at secondary level in a Special Needs School for pupils with deafness or impaired hearing, have been documented and analysed. The analyses were carried out in two different steps, one describing and one discussing the results of the empirical investigation.The institutionally formalised interaction observed appears to have contributed to the heavy dominance of the teacher, and of the IRE sequence used during the lessons, to a much greater extent than students’ deafness or impaired hearing. Although the aims and objectives of the curricular texts intended for these students, as well as for hearing ones, are expressed in communicative terms – for example, learning to read texts of relatively high complexity, or developing writing skills for communication across linguistic boundaries – almost all the lessons that were investigated concerned the translation of isolated words into sign language, often taken out of their English or Spanish context. Nonetheless, the students took part in the classroom interaction when protesting, joking, asking questions and helping each other. Thus, the teacher dominance noted does not imply suppression, but rather a tendency on the part of the teacher to underestimate the students, as well as reflecting a selective tradition within foreign language teaching and learning practices in a general Swedish school context. However, when viewed from a human rights perspective on future plurilingual European citizens, using their language skills to reach out into the world for mutual understanding, the students involved in the language teaching and learning interaction observed in this study may hardly be expected to reach out across linguistic boundaries, at least not as a result of the language education they have experienced.
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| 3. |
- Schindele, Alexandra, 1967-
(författare)
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Mapping viruses in non-malignant tonsils, nasal polyps, sinonasal inverted papilloma and laryngeal cancer
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The upper respiratory tract is exposed to viruses, which can lead to infection and cancer development. We chose to study common and/or chronic diseases along with common and cancer related viruses in the upper airway. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cancer in tonsils and base of tongue, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the nasopharynx. p16 is used as a site-specific tumor marker for HPV. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) are proposed to be oncomodulatory. It is unclear what significance these viruses have in benign tonsillar disease, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), sinonasal inverted papillomas (SIP) and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). If virus is identified, it could make possible the use of current vaccines in prevention and treatment, as well as protection of healthcare providers.Material and Methods: We analyzed 40 benign tonsils, 45 paired nasal polyp and healthy nasal mucosa samples, 53 SIP and 78 LSCC samples. We used PCR/microarrays (PapilloCheck®) for HPV detection and genotyping, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 expression and real-time PCR for EBV, HCMV and HAdV detection. Additionally, Epstein-Barr encoding region (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) was used for EBV localization and count.Results: HPV and p16 were not co-expressed, and p16 levels were low in benign tonsils, nasal polyps, and paired controls. Also, 9% of LSCC samples were high-risk HPV 16 positive and over-expressed p16.EBV-positive cells were detected in 65% of the tonsils, nasal polyps (36%) versus controls (12%), 30% of SIP cases and 33% of LSCC samples.Conclusions: EBV is commonly identified in benign tonsils, nasal polyps, SIP and LSCC, when using sensitive and robust detection methods. At the same time, viral infection with HPV, HCMV or HAdV appears to be uncommon in these conditions. p16 does not emerge as a reliable marker for HPV infection in LSCC.
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