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- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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- Ameer, S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to inorganic arsenic and mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length in peripheral blood
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability - Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016. - 9781138029415 ; , s. 450-452
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a risk factor for cancer. Alterations in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL) have been associated with cancer risk. Two Argentinean groups were studied: A) Puna area of Andes and B) Chaco. Arsenic exposure was assessed as the sum of arsenic metabolites (iAs, MMA, and DMA) in urine (U-As) using HPLC-HG-ICPMS. MtDNAcn, TL, and genotype of the arsenic-methylating gene AS3MT were determined in blood by real-timePCR. The Chaco participants had less-efficient metabolism, with higher%iAs and%MMA in urine, and lower frequency of the efficient-metabolizing AS3MT haplotype. U-As was associated with increased mtDNAcn in Chaco but not in Andes. U-As was associated with longer TL in Chaco, but less so in Andes. Individuals with%iAs>median showed significantly higher mtDNAcn and TL in both groups. Arsenic was associated with increased mtDNAcn and TL, particularly in individuals with less-efficient arsenic metabolism, who might have increased risk for arsenic-related cancer.
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- Broberg, K., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to inorganic arsenic and gene expression in peripheral blood
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability - Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016. - 9781138029415 ; , s. 448-449
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arsenic is an established carcinogen and a risk factor for several non-malignant diseases. Mechanisms of arsenic toxicity may include interference with gene expression. The impact of arsenic exposure on gene expression was evaluated in women (n = 80) living in the Puna of the northern Argentinian Andes with varying concentrations (10–1251 μg/L) of arsenic in drinking water. DirectHyb HumanHT-12 v4.0 was used for genome wide gene expression analysis. Robust linear regression model was used to each array to evaluate the relations between arsenic exposure, gene expression and with the influence of arsenic metabolism efficiency. Also, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed to look for relevant pathways, diseases, networks etc. associated with the genes. In the association between arsenic and gene expression, most of the genes were downregu-lated. Pathway analyses revealed different expression pattern associated with arsenic exposure between women with high and low urinary %MMA, indicating variation in arsenic susceptibility by arsenic-methylation.
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- Garland, N. T., et al.
(författare)
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A Miniaturized, Battery-Free, Wireless Wound Monitor That Predicts Wound Closure Rate Early
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Healthcare Materials. - : Wiley. - 2192-2640 .- 2192-2659. ; 12:28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetic foot ulcers are chronic wounds that affect millions and increase the risk of amputation and mortality, highlighting the critical need for their early detection. Recent demonstrations of wearable sensors enable real-time wound assessment, but they rely on bulky electronics, making them difficult to interface with wounds. Herein, a miniaturized, wireless, battery-free wound monitor that measures lactate in real-time and seamlessly integrates with bandages for conformal attachment to the wound bed is introduced. Lactate is selected due to its multifaceted role in initiating healing. Studies in healthy and diabetic mice reveal distinct lactate profiles for normal and impaired healing wounds. A mathematical model based on the sensor data predicts wound closure rate within the first 3 days post-injury with ≈76% accuracy, which increases to ≈83% when pH is included. These studies underscore the significance of monitoring biomarkers during the inflammation phase, which can offer several benefits, including short-term use of wound monitors and their easy removal, resulting in lower risks of injury and infection at the wound site. Improvements in prediction accuracy can be achieved by designing mathematical models that build on multiple wound parameters such as pro-inflammatory and metabolic markers. Achieving this goal will require designing multi-analyte wound monitors.
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- Alsaffar, Abdul Kareem K., et al.
(författare)
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Development of eco-friendly wall insulation layer utilising the wastes of the packing industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient thermal insulation materials considerably lower power consumption for heating and cooling of buildings, which in turn minimises CO2 emissions and improves indoor comfort conditions. However, the selection of suitable insulation materials is governed by several factors, such as the environmental impact, health impact, cost and durability. Additionally, the disposal of used insulation materials is a major factor that affects the selection of materials because some materials could be very toxic for humans and the environment, such as asbestos-containing materials. Therefore, there is a continuous research effort, in both industry and academia, to develop sustainable and affordable insulation materials. In this context, this work aims at utilising the packing industry wastes (cardboard) to develop an eco-friendly insulation layer, which is a biodegradable material that can be disposed of safely after use. Experimentally, wasted cardboard was collected, cleaned, and soaked in water for 24 h. Then, the wet cardboard was minced and converted into past papers, then cast in square moulds and left in a ventilated oven at 75 °C to dry before de-moulding them. The produced layers were subjected to a wide range of tests, including thermal conductivity, acoustic insulation, infrared imaging and bending resistance. The obtained results showed the developed material has a good thermal and acoustic insulation performance. Thermally, the developed material had the lowest thermal conductivity (λ) (0.039 W/m.K) compared to the studied traditional materials. Additionally, it successfully decreased the noise level from 80 to about 58 dB, which was better than the efficiency of the commercial polyisocyanurate layer. However, the bending strength of the developed material was a major drawback because the material did not resist more than 0.6 MPa compared to 2.0 MPa for the commercial polyisocyanurate and 70.0 MPa for the wood boards. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the possibility of strengthening the new material by adding fibres or cementitious materials.
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