| 1. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and international crimes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Criminological approaches to international criminal law / Ilias Bantekas, Emmanouela Mylonaki. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781107060036 ; , s. 263-286
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and international crimes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Criminological approaches to international criminal law. - 9781107060036 ; , s. 263-286
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This volume is one of the few books to explain in-depth the international crimes behind the scenes of substantive or procedural law. The contributors place a particular focus on what motivates participation in international crime, how perpetrators, witnesses and victims see their predicament and how international crimes should be investigated at local and international level, with an emphasis on context. The book engages these questions with a broad interdisciplinary approach that is accessible to both lawyers and non-lawyers alike. It discusses international crime through the lens of anthropology, neuroscience, psychology, state crime theory and information systems theory and draws upon relevant investigative experience from experts in international and domestic law prosecutions.
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| 3. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The genetics of empathy and its disorders
- 2007
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Ingår i: Empathy in Mental Illness and Health. - 9780521847346 ; , s. 261-261
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- he lack of ability to emphathise is central to many psychiatric conditions. Empathy is affected by neurodevelopment, brain pathology and psychiatric illness. Empathy is both a state and a trait characteristic. Empathy is measurable by neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging techniques. This book specifically focuses on the role of empathy in mental illness. It starts with the clinical psychiatric perspective and covers empathy in the context of mental illness, adult health, developmental course, and explanatory models. Psychiatrists, psychotherapists and mental heath professionals will find this a very useful encapsulation of what is currently known about the role of empathy as it relates to mental illness. • International team of authors, all leading experts in the field • Clinical and theoretical chapters comprehensively cover the field from all perspectives • Covers the new approaches to empathy research including empathogenic agents, brain imaging, genetics and ‘teaching’ empathy to medical students
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Ternary Model of Personality: Temperament, Character, and Identity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Statistical Semantics - Methods and Applications. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030372491 - 9783030372507
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human beings are definitely storytellers capable of travel back and forward in time. We not only construct stories about ourselves, but also share these with others (McAdams and McLean 2013). We construct and internalize an evolving and integrative story for life, that is, a narrative identity (Singer 2004). However, the life story is just one of three layers of personality that are in a dynamical complex interaction, the other two being temperamental dispositions and goals and values (McAdams and Manczak 2011) or what Cloninger (2004) defines as temperament and character. The use of language, that is, words and their meaning or semantic content, to understand a person’s identity is definitely not new. On basis of the psycholexical hypothesis, for example, relevant and prominent features of personality are encoded in natural language (John et al. 1988), thus, individual differences are manifested in single words that people use to describe their own concept of the self or identity (cf. Boyd and Pennebaker 2017; McAdams 2008; Gazzaniga 2011; Koltko-Rivera 2004). However, although some models of personality, such as the Big Five, stem from natural person-descriptive language, the original clustering of the person-descriptive words used to develop these lexical models was conducted by a relatively small number of researchers who lacked the technical programs available today to handle large amounts of text (Leising et al. 2014; see also Garcia et al. 2015a). In addition, these approaches involved, to a larger degree, only one layer of personality for clustering the person- descriptive words, namely, temperamental dispositions (cf. Gunderson et al. 1999). Here, as a first step, we present a new approach to analyze the way people describe themselves and use Cloninger’s biopsychosocial theory to interpret our results.
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| 7. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorders in adults.
- 2011
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Ingår i: In J.K. Buitelaar, C.C. Kan & P. Asherson (Eds.), ADHD in Adults. Characterization, Diagnosis, and Treatment. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521864312 ; , s. 157-167
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autism was long considered to be a very rare disorder, the best defined in child psychiatry (Rutter & Schopler, 1992), and one that occurred in isolation, often with no comorbidity (except, possibly, mental retardation) and presumably with one etiology. It is now clear that autism in its classic variant is but part of a broader spectrum of disorders that include not only “autistic disorder” (as defined by DSM-IV) but also a number of conditions, including Asperger disorder and so-called pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDDNOS)/atypical autism (Wing & Potter, 2002). It has also become generally accepted that these “autism spectrum disorders” (ASDs, including autistic disorder) are much more common than previously assumed, with overall childhood prevalence usually reported at just under 1% (Gillberg et al., 2006). To complicate things, genetic studies have shown that ASDs extend into “lesser variants” and “broader phenotypes” with some characteristic autism features but with little or no clinical impairment. Population studies suggest that such lesser variants or features of autism occur in several percent of children (Briskman, Happé, & Frith, 2001; Constantino & Todd, 2003; Posserud et al., 2006). The comorbidity issue in autism has not been resolved, and authorities in the field still argue about whether autism can be associated with other disorders, including ADHD. Both the DSM-IV and ICD-10 include a section of the diagnostic criteria that is difficult to interpret but that would tend to make researchers and clinicians loathe to diagnose coexisting/comorbid ADHD in ASD. Conversely, ADHD has long been agreed to be a common type of childhood behavior disorder and one that does blend into normality.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and Character in Childhood-Onset Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Personality and Brain Disorders: Associations and Interventions. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319900650 ; , s. 101-142
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), express aberrant neurocognitive functions in social communication, flexibility, and executive control from an early age, not seldom casting extensive consequences long into adulthood. They exist along a continuum from severe disorders to broader phenotypes or “shadow syndromes”. In recent years, several studies have assessed the relation between these conditions and associated personality traits in terms of Cloningers’ temperament and character model in both children and adults. The aim has been to clarify to what extent neurodevelopmental challenges are associated with adult personality and elucidate the link between symptom severity and specific personality traits. Findings give support for specific temperaments (previously known as constitutions) with high Novelty Seeking in ADHD and low Reward Dependence with high Harm Avoidance in ASD , while low scores on the character dimensions of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness is a shared feature of both disorders (and more so the more severe the disorder is). This replicates previous findings of the same character deficits across adult mental disorders, forming a common ground for mental health problems. This pattern is proposed to be a window of opportunity for treatment interventions aiming at enhancing agency, communion, resilience and well-being.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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The Precarious Practice of Forensic Psychiatric Risk Assessment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gustavson, C (2010). Risk and prediction of violent crime in forensic psychiatry. - Lund : Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series. - 9789186671365
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
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| 10. |
- Ståhlberg, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Autism Spectrum Disorders and Coexisting Mental Health Problems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Autism Spectrum Disorders: Phenotypes, Mechanisms and Treatment (Eds). M Leboyer, & P Chaste.. - Basel : Karger. - 9783318026016 ; , s. 5-19
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is rule rather than an exception that mental disorders occur in complex and manifold forms, and a number of models have been proposed to explain this co-occurrence or co-‘morbidity’. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD, i.e. autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified) are no exemption. Here, the literature on ASD co-occurring with developmental disorders (such as ADHD), learning disorders, and problems that typically arise during childhood (e.g. oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder), and adulthood (e.g. anxiety, affective/mood disorders, and psychotic disorders) will be reviewed. The patterns of mental disorders co-occurring with ASD could not be summarized into any consistent and easy-to-interpret model of co-morbidity. Thus, research on ASD should consider and not rule out coexisting mental conditions (and include persons with complex problems in studies), clinical assessments, and evaluations. Ignoring the complexity of co-occurring conditions will have detrimental effects in research, counteracting our understanding of the etiology behind ASD and the development of evidence-based, comprehensive treatment strategies.
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