| 1. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Mental disorder is a cause of crime: The cornerstone of forensic psychiatry
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 32:6, s. 342-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assumption that mental disorder is a cause of crime is the foundation of forensic psychiatry, but conceptual. epistemological. and empirical analyses show that neither mental nor crime, or the causation implied, are clear-cut concepts. "Mental" denotes heterogeneous aspects of a per-son such as inner experiences. cognitive abilities, and behaviour patterns described in a non-physical vocabulary. In psychology and psychiatry, mental describes law-bound, caused aspects of human functioning that are predictable and generalizable. Problems defined as mental disorders are end-points of dimensional inter-individual differences rather than natural categories. Deficits in cognitive faculties, such as attention, verbal understanding, impulse control, and reality assessment, may be susceptibility factors that relate to behaviours (Such as crimes) by increasing the probability (risk) for a negative behaviour or constitute causes in the sense of INUS conditions (insufficient but Non-redundant parts of Unnecessary but Sufficient conditions). Attributing causes to complex behaviours such as crimes is not an unbiased process, and mental disorders will attract disproportionate attention when it comes to explanations of behaviours that we wish to distance ourselves from. Only by rigorous interpretation of what psychiatry actually can inform us about, using empirical analyses of quantified aggressive antisocial behaviours and their possible explanatory factors, can we gain a clearer notion of the relationship between mental disorder and crime. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and international crimes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Criminological approaches to international criminal law / Ilias Bantekas, Emmanouela Mylonaki. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781107060036 ; , s. 263-286
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Mental health and international crimes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Criminological approaches to international criminal law. - 9781107060036 ; , s. 263-286
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This volume is one of the few books to explain in-depth the international crimes behind the scenes of substantive or procedural law. The contributors place a particular focus on what motivates participation in international crime, how perpetrators, witnesses and victims see their predicament and how international crimes should be investigated at local and international level, with an emphasis on context. The book engages these questions with a broad interdisciplinary approach that is accessible to both lawyers and non-lawyers alike. It discusses international crime through the lens of anthropology, neuroscience, psychology, state crime theory and information systems theory and draws upon relevant investigative experience from experts in international and domestic law prosecutions.
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| 4. |
- Bennet, Tova, et al.
(författare)
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Den rättspsykiatriska vården är inte rättssäker – agera nu
- 2020
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Ingår i: Göteborgs-Posten. - Göteborg : Göteborgposten. - 1103-9345. ; :Oktober 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det svenska rättssystemet som tillåter att vi dömer psykiskt sjuka för brott och att personer som saknar vårdbehov kan hållas frihetsberövade inom rättspsykiatrin under mycket lång tid med oklart vårdinnehåll, är unikt och har fått rättmätig kritik under lång tid. Ändå händer ingenting.
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| 5. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Responsibility and Cooperativeness Are Constrained, Not Determined
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurobiological determinism has characterized later decades’ scientific approaches to the notion of free will. Scientists suggest that legal responsibility should be adjusted accordingly. We measured the genetic and environmental effects behind self-reported Self-directedness and Cooperativeness in a nation-wide population-based adolescent twin study. In spite of substantial overall genetic and shared environmental effects on these character scores, individual outcomes in both monozygotic and dizygotic co-twins of probands reporting severe personality problems varied widely into the normal range. Hence, even when constrained by genetic and environmental adversity, self-experienced responsibility and cooperation are not simply genetically determined but, to some extent, malleable.
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| 6. |
- Höglund, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Accountability and psychiatric disorders: How do forensic psychiatric professionals think?
- 2009
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Ingår i: International journal of law and psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 32:6, s. 355-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish penal law does not exculpate on the grounds of diminished accountability; persons judged to suffer from severe mental disorder are sentenced to forensic psychiatric care instead of prison. Re-introduction of accountability as a condition for legal responsibility has been advocated, not least by forensic psychiatric professionals. To investigate how professionals in forensic psychiatry would assess degree of accountability based on psychiatric diagnoses and case vignettes, 30 psychiatrists, 30 psychologists, 45 nurses, and 45 ward attendants from five forensic psychiatric clinics were interviewed. They were asked (i) to judge to which degree (on a dimensional scale from 1 to 5) each of 12 psychiatric diagnoses might affect accountability, (ii) to assess accountability from five case vignettes, and (iii) to list further factors they regarded as relevant for their assessment of accountability. All informants accepted to provide a dimensional assessment of accountability on this basis and consistently found most types of mental disorders to reduce accountability, especially psychotic disorders and dementia. Other factors thought to be relevant were substance abuse, social network, personality traits, social stress, and level of education.
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| 7. |
- Johnsson, Malte, et al.
(författare)
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Blame attribution and guilt feelings in violent offenders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-9957 .- 1478-9949. ; 25:2, s. 212-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Offenders with high psychopathic traits and/or antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are hypothesised to experience less guilt and less responsibility for their actions than offenders without these problems. These hypotheses were tested and partly substantiated. The study investigates blame attributions and guilt feeling using Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory-Revised (GBAI-R) for 177 young male violent offenders. GBAI scores were compared to ASPD and psychopathy according to the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Results showed that individuals with ASPD and those with higher degrees of psychopathy tended to report significantly less guilt and higher degree of mental control than other subjects. Another finding was a weak relationship between ASPD, high scores on psychopathic traits and external attribution. We suggest these results might be explained by admitting poor mental control may be extra difficult for individuals belonging to either of these groups and that the external attribution items do not separate causal from moral responsibility.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychiatric Research on Mentally Disordered Offenders
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bioethics. - : Wiley. - 1467-8519 .- 0269-9702. ; 24:1, s. 35-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses ethical issues in forensic psychiatric research on mentally disordered offenders, especially those detained in the psychiatric treatment system. The idea of a 'dual role' dilemma afflicting forensic psychiatry is more complicated than acknowledged. Our suggestion acknowledges the good of criminal law and crime prevention as a part that should be balanced against familiar research ethical considerations. Research aiming at improvements of criminal justice and treatment is a societal priority, and the total benefit of studies has to be balanced against the risks for research subjects inferred by almost all systematic studies. Direct substantial risks must be balanced by health benefits, and normal informed consent requirements apply. When direct risks are slight, as in register-based epidemiology, lack of consent may be counter-balanced by special measures to protect integrity and the general benefit of better understanding of susceptibility, treatment and prevention. Special requirements on consent procedures in the forensic psychiatric context are suggested, and the issue of the relation between decision competence and legal accountability is found to be in need of further study. The major ethical hazard in forensic psychiatric research connects to the role of researchers as assessors and consultants in a society entertaining strong prejudices against mentally disordered offenders.
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