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| 2. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the grassbirds and allies (Locustellidae) reveals extensive non-monophyly of traditional genera, and a proposal for a new classification
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 127, s. 367-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread Old World avian family Locustellidae ('grassbirds and allies') comprises 62 extant species in 11 genera. In the present study, we used one mitochondrial and, for most species, four nuclear loci to infer the phylogeny of this family. We analysed 59 species, including the five previously unsampled genera plus two genera that had not before been analysed in a densely sampled dataset. This study revealed extensive disagreement with current taxonomy; the genera Bradypterus, Locustella, Megalurus, Megalurulus and Schoenicola were all found to be non-monophyletic. Non-monophyly was particularly pronounced for Megalurus, which was widely scattered across the tree. Three of the five monotypic genera (Amphilais, Buettikoferella and Malia) were nested within other genera; one monotypic genus (Chaetornis) formed a Glade with one of the two species of Schoenicola; whereas the position of the fifth monotypic genus (Elaphrornis) was unresolved. Robsonius was confirmed as sister to the other genera. We propose a phylogenetically informed revision of genus-level taxonomy, including one new generic name. Finally, we highlight several non-monophyletic species complexes and deep intra-species divergences that point to conflict in taxonomy and suggest an underestimation of current species diversity in this group.
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| 3. |
- Sonne, C., et al.
(författare)
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Health effects from contaminant exposure in Baltic Sea birds and marine mammals: A review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we review contaminant exposure and related health effects in six selected Baltic key species. Sentinel species included are common eider, white-tailed eagle, harbour porpoise, harbour seal, ringed seal and grey seal. The review represents the first attempt of summarizing available information and baseline data for these biomonitoring key species exposed to industrial hazardous substances focusing on anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs). There was only limited information available for white-tailed eagles and common eider while extensive information exist on POP exposure and health effects in the four marine mammal species. Here we report organ-tissue endpoints (pathologies) and multiple biomarkers used to evaluate health and exposure of key species to POPs, respectively, over the past several decades during which episodes of significant population declines have been reported. Our review shows that POP exposure affects the reproductive system and survival through immune suppression and endocrine disruption, which have led to population-level effects on seals and white-tailed eagles in the Baltic. It is notable that many legacy contaminants, which have been banned for decades, still appear to affect Baltic wildlife. With respect to common eiders, changes in food composition, quality and contaminant exposure seem to have population effects which need to be investigated further, especially during the incubation period where the birds fast. Since new industrial contaminants continuously leak into the environment, we recommend continued monitoring of them in sentinel species in the Baltic, identifying possible effects linked to climate change, and modelling of population level effects of contaminants and climate change. © 2020 The Authors
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| 4. |
- Oláh, János, et al.
(författare)
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Lineage sorting by parameres in Limnephilinae subfamily (Trichoptera): with description of a new tribe, new genera and new species
- 2019
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Ingår i: Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis. - 0237-5419 .- 2063-1588. ; 50:S1, s. 3-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of the new Agaphylax genus with unique paramere organisation has initiated our lineage sorting oftribes by parameres in the Limnephilinae subfamily applying the principles and procedures of fine phenomics in order toestablish transformation series of the polarized plesiomorphy-apomorphy character states for each limnephiline genera.According to the extraordinary high diversity the paramere that is the stimulatory and titillating structure of the phallic organis a speciation supertrait. This adaptive trait is directly involved in the processes of reproductive isolation and diverging assubtle initial split of lineages producing the incipient sibling species in the recent past of contemporary speciation processes.Contrary, the drastic divergence of the Agaphylax plated paramere is much older, similarly to the many-spined parameres ofthe Hesperophylacini tribe. It has been initiated by drastic combined and synchronous external and internal stochastic effects,processed in ancestral sexual integrative adaptation as well as organised and fixed in older and deeper coalescence events andappears as a character with tribe ranking potential. To open a wider perspective, a systemic relational analysis is required inthe future including other adaptive or neutral character transformation series, due to the burden of taxonomic incongruencesgrounded by chimerism in stochastic genetic reticulation. Traits of species are mixed products coming from various sources.Only character combinations can and ought to be analysed in terms how to classify taxa. We have polarized eight genitaliccharacters additional to parameres for a future analysis of the potential of character combinations.Limnephilinae subfamily is composed of Limnephilini, Chilostigmatini, Chaetopterygini, Stenophylacini and Hesperophylacinitribes and here we established the new Agaphylacini tribe. Based on parameres we have delineated taxa in lineagesorting and described two new genera: Fogophylax gen. nov., Simaphylax gen. nov. and fourteen new species: Anaboliaalsoja, A. hepehupa, Asynarchus kimaros, Limnephilus kerekes, L. maghrebensis, L. oblos, Homophylax beges, H. coros,Chaetopteroides plackovicensis, C. rilaensis, Allogamus ketpar, Platyphylax beshkovi, Pycnopsyche letova and P. telea spp.nov. The by-product of this survey is a world atlas of paramere drawings for the entire Limnephilinae subfamily.
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| 5. |
- Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., et al.
(författare)
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Arctic-adapted dogs emerged at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 368:6498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although sled dogs are one of the most specialized groups of dogs, their origin and evolution has received much less attention than many other dog groups. We applied a genomic approach to investigate their spatiotemporal emergence by sequencing the genomes of 10 modern Greenland sled dogs, an similar to 9500-year-old Siberian dog associated with archaeological evidence for sled technology, and an similar to 33,000-year-old Siberian wolf. We found noteworthy genetic similarity between the ancient dog and modern sled dogs. We detected gene flow from Pleistocene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day sled dogs. The results indicate that the major ancestry of modern sled dogs traces back to Siberia, where sled dog-specific haplotypes of genes that potentially relate to Arctic adaptation were established by 9500 years ago.
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