| 1. |
- Bianchi, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of rare genetic variation to disease susceptibility in a large Scandinavian myositis cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 74:2, s. 342-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of complex autoimmune conditions characterized by inflammation in skeletal muscle and extramuscular compartments, and interferon (IFN) system activation. We undertook this study to examine the contribution of genetic variation to disease susceptibility and to identify novel avenues for research in IIMs.Methods Targeted DNA sequencing was used to mine coding and potentially regulatory single nucleotide variants from ~1,900 immune-related genes in a Scandinavian case–control cohort of 454 IIM patients and 1,024 healthy controls. Gene-based aggregate testing, together with rare variant– and gene-level enrichment analyses, was implemented to explore genotype–phenotype relations.Results Gene-based aggregate tests of all variants, including rare variants, identified IFI35 as a potential genetic risk locus for IIMs, suggesting a genetic signature of type I IFN pathway activation. Functional annotation of the IFI35 locus highlighted a regulatory network linked to the skeletal muscle–specific gene PTGES3L, as a potential candidate for IIM pathogenesis. Aggregate genetic associations with AGER and PSMB8 in the major histocompatibility complex locus were detected in the antisynthetase syndrome subgroup, which also showed a less marked genetic signature of the type I IFN pathway. Enrichment analyses indicated a burden of synonymous and noncoding rare variants in IIM patients, suggesting increased disease predisposition associated with these classes of rare variants.Conclusion Our study suggests the contribution of rare genetic variation to disease susceptibility in IIM and specific patient subgroups, and pinpoints genetic associations consistent with previous findings by gene expression profiling. These features highlight genetic profiles that are potentially relevant to disease pathogenesis.
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| 2. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the proactive occupational safety and health work in a Swedish construction company - the example of vibration exposure
- 2014
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9789176230053 ; , s. 360-370
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to vibrations from tools and machines used in construction work can induce damages to the human body. One of the most frequent symptoms is the hand-arm vibration syndrome commonly known as white fingers. The proportions of the international workforce exposed to vibrations are high and dominating sectors are construction, agriculture, forestry, and transport. Particularly exposed construction occupational groups include machine operators and drivers of vehicles. In 2005, the Swedish Work Environment Authority introduced a new guideline on the topic of preventing vibration exposure risks (AFS 2005:15) based on the European union 2002/44/EC directive on workers’ exposure to vibration. It includes raised demands on estimating vibration exposure, and clearly stated responsibilities and rights of employers and employees. However, in 2011 the Swedish Work Environment Authority’s inspections showed that many employers belonging to sectors such as building and construction, transport, and mining industry did not have any satisfactory proactive risk management work concerning vibration exposure. This paper reports on a pilot study performed in a large Swedish construction company with the aim to yield more knowledge about factors affecting the implementation of the guidelines and to suggest actions for improvement. A total of 31 construction workers and supervisors were interviewed at nine construction sites in southern Sweden. Interview results demonstrated a lack of knowledge in estimating vibration exposure; the incorporation of the Work Environment Authority’s directions had not been accomplished; driving forces for improving the proactive health and safety work and specifically vibration exposure management was weak on all organisational levels; important factors affecting the implementation of vibration exposure regulations are the psychosocial work environment at construction sites as well as company safety culture; a large proportion of the interviewed construction workers was judged to be at risk for developing vibration injuries if the exposure was not decreased; management, supervisory, and production levels need increased knowledge about vibration exposure and vibration injuries; and methods and tools for easy estimation of vibration exposure needs to be developed.
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| 3. |
- Falchenberg, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical practice guidelines for comprehensive patient assessment in emergency care : A quality evaluation study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic journal of nursing research. - : Sage Publications. - 2057-1585 .- 2057-1593. ; 41:4, s. 207-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emergency care nurses (ECNs) face several challenges when they assess patients with different symptoms, signs, and conditions to determine patients’ care needs. Patients’ care needs do not always originate from physical or biomedical dysfunctions. To provide effective patient-centred care, ECNs must be sensitive to patients’ unique medical, physical, psychological, social, and existential needs. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide guidance for ECNs in such assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of CPGs for comprehensive patient assessments in emergency care. A quality evaluation study was conducted in Sweden in 2017. Managers from 97 organizations (25 emergency medical services and 72 emergency depart- ments) were contacted, covering all 20 Swedish county councils. Fifteen guidelines were appraised using the validated Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool. The results revealed that various CPGs are used in emergency care, but none of the CPGs support ECNs in performing a comprehensive patient assessment; rather, the CPGs address parts of the assessment primarily related to biomedical needs. The results also demonstrate that the foundation for evidence-based CPGs is weak and cannot confirm that an ECN has the prerequisites to assess patients and refer them to treatment, such as home- based self-care. This may indicate that Swedish emergency care services utilize non-evidence-based guidelines. This implies that ECN managers and educators should actively seek more effective ways of highlighting and safeguarding patients’ various care needs using more comprehensive guidelines.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Falchenberg, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid emergency care at the home for patients – A multiple case study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Emergency Medicine. - 1471-227X. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionHealthcare systems worldwide are facing numerous challenges, such as an aging population, reduced availability of hospital beds, staff reductions and closure of emergency departments (ED). These issues can exacerbate crowding and boarding problems in the ED, negatively impacting patient safety and the work environment. In Sweden a hybrid of prehospital and intrahospital emergency care has been established, referred to in this article as Medical Emergency Team (MET), to meet the increasing demand for emergency care. MET, consisting of physicians and nurses, moving emergency care from EDs to patients’ home. Physicians and nurses may encounter challenges in their healthcare work, such as limited resources for example medical equipment, sampling and examination, in unfamiliar varying home environments. There is a lack of knowledge about how these challenges can influence patient care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the healthcare work of the METs when addressing patients’ emergency care needs in their homes, with a focus on the METs reasoning and actions.MethodsUsing a qualitative multiple case study design, two METs in southwestern Sweden were explored. Data were collected from September 2023 – January 2024 and consist of field notes from participant observations, short interviews and written reflections. A qualitative manifest content analysis with an inductive approach was used as the analysis method.ResultThe result of this study indicates that physicians and nurses face several challenges in their daily work, such as recurring interruptions, miscommunication and faltering teamwork. Some of these problems may arise because physicians and nurses are not accustomed to working together as a team in a different care context. These challenges can lead to stress, which ultimately can expose patients to unnecessary risks.ConclusionWhen launching a new service like METs, which is a hybrid of prehospital and intrahospital emergency care, it is essential to plan and prepare thoroughly to effectively address the challenges and obstacles that may arise. One way to prepare is through team training. Team training can help reduce hierarchical structures by enabling physicians and nurses to feel that they can contribute, collaborate, and take responsibility, leading to a more dynamic and efficient work environment.
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| 6. |
- Höjer, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Här är fyra smarta alternativ till att bygga nytt
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens samhälle. - Stockholm : Dagens Samhälle AB.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vi behöver 710 000 nya bostäder inom en tioårsperiod, men även behovet av andra fastigheter ökar när befolkningen växer. Det är hög tid att lyfta alternativ till att bygga nytt. Här presenteras en fyrstegsprincip för mer effektivt användande av ytor, skriver forskare, fastighetsägare och arkitekter med flera tillsammans.https://www.dagenssamhalle.se/debatt/har-ar-fyra-smarta-alternativ-till-att-bygga-nytt-17320
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| 7. |
- Jakobsson, Trille, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity objectively assessed over a Year in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy who are Non-Ambulant using ActiGraph GT3X Accelerometer
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Children gain increased health and wellbeing by participating in physical activity (PA). In children and adolescents with cerebral palsy who are non-ambulant (children with CP-NA), levels of PA have been indicated to be lower compared to children and adolescents without physical disabilities. However, research on PA in children with CP-NA is limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate objectively assessed PA over the course of one year when using ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer in children with CP-NA. Participants and methods: Accelerometer data were retrieved from 32 children with CP-NA (4 - 17 years) in Region Skane, Sweden. Participants wore the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer all waking hours for up to four periods of seven consecutive days over a year. Statistically sensitivity analyses were run to explore differences in PA between subtypes of cerebral palsy and GMFCS level IV and V. Results: In total 481 days and 85 periods of valid accelerometer data were obtained. Light PA was statically significantly higher for children with dyskinetic CP-NA compared to spastic CP-NA (median (IQR) 57 (37.42-88.1) vs. 34.42 (20.42-55.96), p = <0.001). Light PA (median (IQR) 57 (36.67-88.5) vs. 25.42 (17-38.75), p = <0.001) and moderate to vigorous PA (median (IQR) 1.83 (1-4.17) vs. 1.67 (0.67-2), p = <0.001) were statically significantly higher for children with CP-NA GMFCS level IV compared to level V. Conclusion: Preliminary results indicate differences in PA levels between subtype of cerebral palsy and GMFCS level. Further analyses to explore potential differences in PA over the year will be run.
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| 8. |
- Johannesson, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of epistasis through a partial advanced intercross reveals three arthritis loci within the Cia5 QTL in mice
- 2005
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 6:3, s. 175-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of genes controlling complex diseases has proven to be difficult; however, animal models may pave the way to determine how low penetrant genes interact to promote disease development. We have dissected the Cia5/Eae3 susceptibility locus on mouse chromosome 3 previously identified to control disease in experimental models of multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Congenic strains showed significant but small effects on severity of both diseases. To improve the penetrance, we have now used a new strategy that defines the genetic interactions. The QTL interacted with another locus on chromosome 15 and a partial advanced intercross breeding of the two congenic strains for eight generations accumulated enough statistical power to identify interactions with several loci on chromosome 15. Thereby, three separate loci within the original QTL could be identified; Cia5 affected the onset of arthritis by an additive interaction with Cia31 on chromosome 15, whereas the Cia21 and Cia22 affected severity during the chronic phase of the disease through an epistatic interaction with Cia32 on chromosome 15. The definition of genetic interactions was a prerequisite to dissect the Cia5 QTL and we suggest the partial advanced intercross strategy to be helpful also for dissecting other QTL controlling complex phenotypes.
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| 9. |
- Linnman, Clas, et al.
(författare)
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The Stroop effect on the internet
- 2006
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Ingår i: Computers in human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0747-5632 .- 1873-7692. ; 22:3, s. 448-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classical Stroop color-naming task was converted to a Web administered version and tested against a conventional computerized version. In the first experiment, 20 male and 20 female participants were tested individually on both Stroop versions in random order. Both versions resulted in strong Stroop effects, but response times were slower overall for the Web-Stroop. A second experiment with 28 participants showed that the test results on the Web-Stroop could be replicated in a less controlled experimental setting, for example in the participant's own home. In conclusion, findings suggest that administration of the Stroop color-naming test, and response time measurement in milliseconds on a personal computer, is possible via the Internet. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Linnman, Clas, et al.
(författare)
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The Stroop effect on the internet
- 2004
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Ingår i: Computers in Human Behavior. ; in Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The classical Stroop color-naming task was converted to a Web administered version and tested against a conventional computerized version. In the first experiment, 20 male and 20 female participants were tested individually on both Stroop versions in random order. Both versions resulted in strong Stroop effects, but response times were slower overall for the Web-Stroop. A second experiment with 28 participants showed that the test results on the Web-Stroop could be replicated in a less controlled experimental setting, for example in the participant’s own home. In conclusion, findings suggest that administration of the Stroop color-naming test, and response time measurement in milliseconds on a personal computer, is possible via the Internet.
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