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Sökning: WFRF:(Andersson E) > Högskolan i Skövde

  • Resultat 1-7 av 7
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1.
  • Backhaus, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal isolates from a region in south-west Sweden 1998-2001.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:1, s. 19-27
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Invasive disease caused by antibiotic resistant pneumococci is a worldwide problem. All invasive pneumococcal strains in an area of south-west Sweden with 1.7 million inhabitants were collected prospectively during 1998-2001. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test and correlated to serotypes and clinical characteristics. Of 827 strains, 744 (90%) were susceptible (S) to all agents tested and 83 (10%) were indeterminate (I) or resistant (R) to at least 1 agent. 22 isolates (2.7%) were I to penicillin (MIC >0.06 to < or = 1.0 mg/l), but none were R (MIC >1.0 mg/l). Numbers and proportions of decreased susceptibility against other agents tested were as follows: erythromycin R: 30 (3.6%), clindamycin R: 6 (0.7%), tetracycline R: 16 (1.9%), moxifloxacin R: 1 (0.1%), cotrimoxazole I: 17 (2%) and R: 31(4%). Non-susceptibility to at least 1 agent was not correlated with age, clinical manifestation, underlying diseases and outcome. The serotype distribution differed between non-susceptible and susceptible strains. The serotypes in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covered 42% of all infections and 73% of those caused by non-susceptible strains. In conclusion, the impact of antibiotic resistance in invasive pneumococcal disease remains limited in south-west Sweden.
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2.
  • Olofsson, Peder S., et al. (författare)
  • Blood pressure regulation by CD4+ lymphocytes expressing choline acetyltransferase
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 34:10, s. 1066-1071
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Blood pressure regulation is known to be maintained by a neuro-endocrine circuit, but whether immune cells contribute to blood pressure homeostasis has not been determined. We previously showed that CD4(+) T lymphocytes that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of the vasorelaxant acetylcholine, relay neural signals(1). Here we show that these CD4(+)CD44(hi)CD62L(Io) T helper cells by gene expression are a distinct T-cell population defined by ChAT (CD4 T-ChAT). Mice lacking ChAT expression in CD4(+) cells have elevated arterial blood pressure, compared to littermate controls. Jurkat T cells overexpressing ChAT (JT(ChAT)) decreased blood pressure when infused into mice. Co-incubation of JT(ChAT) and endothelial cells increased endothelial cell levels of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and of nitrates and nitrites in conditioned media, indicating increased release of the potent vasorelaxant nitric oxide. The isolation and characterization of CD4 T-ChAT cells will enable analysis of the role of these cells in hypotension and hypertension, and may suggest novel therapeutic strategies by targeting cell-mediated vasorelaxation.
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3.
  • Ayukekbong, James A., et al. (författare)
  • Monitoring of seasonality of norovirus and other enteric viruses in Cameroon by real-time PCR : an exploratory study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 142:7, s. 1393-1402
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We studied the seasonal fluctuation of norovirus and other enteric viruses in Cameroon. Two hundred participants aged between 1 and 69 years were prospectively followed up. Each participant provided monthly faecal samples over a 12-month period. A total of 2484 samples were tested using multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of norovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus. The effect of weather variables and risk factors were analysed by Pearson correlation and bivariate analysis. Overall, enterovirus was the most commonly detected virus (216% of specimens), followed by norovirus (39%) and rotavirus (04%). Norovirus and enterovirus were detected throughout the year with a peak of norovirus detection at the beginning of the rainy season and a significant alternation of circulation of norovirus genogroups from one month to the next. Age <5 years and consumption of tap water were risk factors for norovirus infection. Better understanding of factors influencing transmission and seasonality may provide insights into the relationship between physical environment and risk of infection for these viruses.
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4.
  • Ljungstrom, L., et al. (författare)
  • Clinical evaluation of commercial nucleic acid amplification tests in patients with suspected sepsis
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Bmc Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Sepsis is a serious medical condition requiring timely administered, appropriate antibiotic therapy. Blood culture is regarded as the gold standard for aetiological diagnosis of sepsis, but it suffers from low sensitivity and long turnaround time. Thus, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have emerged to shorten the time to identification of causative microbes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical utility in everyday practice in the emergency department of two commercial NAATs in patients suspected with sepsis. Methods: During a six-week period, blood samples were collected consecutively from all adult patients admitted to the general emergency department for suspicion of a community-onset sepsis and treated with intravenous antibiotics. Along with conventional blood cultures, multiplex PCR (Magicplex (TM)) was performed on whole blood specimens whereas portions from blood culture bottles were used for analysis by microarray-based assay (Prove-it (TM)). The aetiological significance of identified organisms was determined by two infectious disease physicians based on clinical presentation and expected pathogenicity. Results: Among 382 episodes of suspected sepsis, clinically relevant microbes were detected by blood culture in 42 episodes (11%), by multiplex PCR in 37 episodes (9.7%), and by microarray in 32 episodes (8.4%). Although moderate agreement with blood culture (kappa 0.50), the multiplex PCR added diagnostic value by timely detection of 15 clinically relevant findings in blood culture-negative specimens. Results of the microarray corresponded very well to those of blood culture (kappa 0.90), but were available just marginally prior to blood culture results. Conclusions: The use of NAATs on whole blood specimens in adjunct to current culture-based methods provides a clinical add-on value by allowing for detection of organisms missed by blood culture. However, the aetiological significance of findings detected by NAATs should be interpreted with caution as the high analytical sensitivity may add findings that do not necessarily corroborate with the clinical diagnosis.
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5.
  • Ljungström, Lars R., et al. (författare)
  • Respiratory viral infections are underdiagnosed in patients with suspected sepsis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 36:10, s. 1767-1776
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The study aim was to investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of viral findings by multiplex PCR from the nasopharynx of clinically septic patients during a winter season. During 11 weeks of the influenza epidemic period in January-March 2012, consecutive adult patients suspected to be septic (n = 432) were analyzed with cultures from blood and nasopharynx plus multiplex PCR for respiratory viruses on the nasopharyngeal specimen. The results were compared with those from microbiology analyses ordered as part of standard care. During the winter season, viral respiratory pathogens, mainly influenza A virus, human metapneumovirus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were clinically underdiagnosed in 70% of patients positive by the multiplex PCR assay. During the first four weeks of the influenza epidemic, few tests for influenza were ordered by clinicians, indicating low awareness that the epidemic had started. Nasopharyngeal findings of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by culture correlated to pneumonia diagnosis, and in those patients laboratory signs of viral co-infections were common but rarely suspected by clinicians. The role of respiratory viral infections in patients presenting with a clinical picture of sepsis is underestimated. Specific antiviral treatment might be beneficial in some cases and may reduce spread in a hospital setting. Diagnosing viral infections may promote reduction of unnecessary antibiotic use. It can also be a tool for decisions concerning patient logistics, in order to minimize exposure of susceptible patients and personnel.
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6.
  • Salomonsson, Kent E., et al. (författare)
  • Weighted Potential Methodology for Mixed Mode Cohesive Laws
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the MECOM DEL BICENTENARIO, IX Argentinian Congress on Computational Mechanics. - : Asociación Argentina de Mecánica Comptacional. ; , s. 8355-8374
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A  weighted  potential  methodology  is  developed  by  utilizing  pure  mode  I  and mode  II  energy  release  rate  experiments  to  determine  the  traction-separation  relations  for thin  adhesive  layers.  The  experimentally  measured  energy  release  rates  act  as  boundary conditions  for  developing  a  weighted  potential  function.  Thus,  the  tractions  for  any  mixed mode loading can be established.  Changes of mode mix during an experiment can also be captured  by  the  law  since  every  mixed  mode  variation  is  given  by  the  potential  function. Furthermore,  by  use  of  an  inverse  J-integral  approach  and  damage  type  variables,  the traction-separation  relations  for  any  mode  mix  can  be  approximated  by  use  of  pure  mode experiments.  Numerical  simulations  show  the  applicability  of  the  methodology.  The  results indicate  that  the  methodology  is  promising  when  simulating  the  constitutive  behavior  of adhesive layers.
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7.
  • Salomonsson, Kent, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling and Analysis of a Screw Fitting Assembly Process Involving a Cast Magnesium Component
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Materials. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-8016. ; 7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A finite element analysis of a complex assembly was made. The material description used was a physically based material model with dislocation density as an internal state variable. This analysis showed the importance of the materials’ behavior in the process as there is discrepancy between the bolt head contact pressure and the internals state of the materials where the assembly process allows for recovery. The end state is governed by both the tightening process and the thermal history and strongly influenced by the thermal expansion of the AZ91D alloy.
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