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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Inactivation of aconitase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in skeletal muscle in vitro by superoxide anions and/or nitric oxide.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 249:2, s. 512-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strips of rat soleus muscle were incubated in media containing a superoxide generating system and/or the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) before the maximal catalytic activities of aconitase, citrate synthase, and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase were measured. The maximal activities of aconitase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase were both decreased by 25-30% by superoxide anions; however, only the maximal activity of aconitase was decreased, by approximately 50%, by incubation of muscles with SNP. Furthermore, when both superoxide and NO were present in the medium, aconitase activity was decreased by 70%. The maximal activity of citrate synthase was not affected by any of the treatments. This is the first time that superoxide anions or NO has been shown to inactivate aconitase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in skeletal muscle. It is suggested that these effects may be responsible for some alterations in skeletal muscle metabolism, and these possibilities are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Gilson, Nicholas D, et al.
(författare)
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High intensity and sprint interval training, and work-related cognitive function in adults : A systematic review.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 33:6, s. 814-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To assess evidence on the impact of acute and chronic high intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on work-related performance tests of cognitive function in adults.METHODS: The databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles up to August 2022. Eligible studies assessed the effects of HIIT (70-100% VO2max ) and/or SIT (≥100% VO2max ) on cognitive function test scores in cognitively healthy adults, relative to a control or comparative exercise group/condition. Data on participant characteristics, exercise protocol, key outcomes and intervention setting were extracted. Study quality was assessed using a 9 (single session HIIT/SIT) and 14 (multiple session HIIT/SIT) item checklist.RESULTS: 36 studies (15 countries; n=11 to 945 participants) met inclusion criteria. Mean quality scores were 'fair-to-good' for acute (single session; mean=6.9 [SD 1.0]), and chronic (multiple session; mean=9.8 [SD 1.6]) training studies. Eighteen from 36 studies (12/20 [55%] acute and 6/16 [38%] chronic training studies) evidenced significant improvements in aspects of cognitive function related to work performance (i.e., attention, inhibition, memory, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, intelligence, reaction time and learning). Only four studies tested the impact of HIIT/SIT on cognitive function in a work-based setting (e.g., the office or home).CONCLUSIONS: While there is promising evidence, particularly from acute training studies, to indicate that high intensity, short duration exercise benefits cognitive function in adults, there is very limited evidence of application in workplace contexts. To better understand the potential benefits to employee performance and safety, HIIT/SIT and cognitive function research needs to transition from laboratory to 'in-situ' occupational settings.
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| 5. |
- Martinsen, E, et al.
(författare)
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Om depression
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fysisk aktivitet som medicin. - Stockholm : SISU idrottsböcker. - 9789177270355 ; , s. 177-182
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 6. |
- Sirivåg, K, et al.
(författare)
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Physical EXercise Augmented COGnitive Behaviour Therapy for Older Adults with Generalised Anxiety Disorder (PEXACOG)
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent severe anxiety disorder among older adults. The disorder has a pervasive influence on the lives of those affected, and is a risk factor for other severe disorders such as depression, dementia and coronary heart disease. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for this disorder, but older adults have shown reduced effect of treatment compared to working age adults. Physical exercise has been suggested as intervention to improve the effects of treatment for GAD, via its demonstrated positive effect on cognitive functioning, increased plasticity in the brain, and increased availability of neurotrophins important for extinction of fear associations. The aim of the current research project is to investigate whether augmenting CBT with physical exercise will lead to improved effects of CBT on GAD in older adults in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants between 60-75 years of age with a primary diagnosis of GAD will be randomised to one of two treatment conditions. The effects of treatment will be assessed on outcome measures, biological, physiological and cognitive measures at pre- interim-, and post-treatment, and follow-up assessments at 6- and 12-months post intervention. Participants in both groups will receive five weeks of pre-treatment intervention consisting of either physical exercise or weekly telephone contact. Participants thereafter receive either ten weeks of manualised CBT for GAD combined with manualised physical exercise or ten weeks of manualised CBT for GAD combined with weekly telephone contact. We expect that the treatment effect of the physical exercise augmented CBT will be greater than that of CBT combined with weekly telephone contact, as measured by a reduction in GAD symptoms on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and in the proportion of remitted patients. The study also aims to determining the possible beneficial and augmenting properties of physical exercise in combination with CBT, and our understanding of clinical characteristics of GAD and mechanisms involved in treatment effect. Treatment rationale, procedures and protocols will be presented in detail together with preliminary results from the initial feasibility study comprises eight participants.
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