| 1. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Based Extinction Therapy for Worry : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behavior Therapy. - : ASSOC ADV BEHAVIOR THERAPY. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 48:3, s. 391-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worry is a common phenotype in both psychiatric patients and the normal population. Worry can be seen as a covert behavior with primary function to avoid aversive emotional experiences. Our research group has developed a treatment protocol based on an operant model of worry, where we use exposure -based strategies to extinguish the catastrophic worry thoughts. The aim of this study was to test this treatment delivered via the Internet in a large-scale randomized controlled trial. We randomized 140 high-worriers [PSWQ]) to either Internet-based extinction therapy (IbET) or to a waiting-list condition (WL). Results showed that IbET was superior to WL with an overall large between-group effect size of d 1.39 (95% confidence interval [1.04,1.73]) on the PSWQ. In the IbET group, 58% were classified as responders. The corresponding figure for WL participants was 7%. IbET was also superior to the WL on secondary outcome measures of anxiety, depression, meta-cognitions, cognitive avoidance, and quality of life. Overall treatment results were maintained for the IbET group at 4- and 12-month follow-up. The results from this trial are encouraging as they indicate that worry can be targeted with an accessible and novel intervention for worry. Replication trials with active control group are needed.
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| 2. |
- Ansari, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Single-institution experience with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 46:12, s. 1492-1497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare clinical entity. The objective of this study was to review a single institution's experience with this uncommon tumor, as well as review the literature. Material and Methods. Consecutive patients, who underwent surgery for a pathologically confirmed SPN between 1991 and 2010, were retrospectively reviewed. A PubMed search (January 1980-June 2011) was conducted to identify risk factors for death among SPN patients. Results. The institutional review identified 16 patients with SPN. Thirteen patients were female and three patients were male (median age 34 years). All patients underwent radical resection. Two patients had metastatic disease at the time of operation as evident by the presence of lymph node metastasis and gallbladder metastasis. One developed liver metastasis 4 months postoperatively and subsequently died. The other patient received adjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine and capecitabine), and 23 months after the initial operation, no tumor recurrence was detected and the patient is still alive. All other patients remain disease-free. Analysis of 29 fatalities reported in the English literature (including the present case) revealed several atypical features including male gender, old age, tumor size >5 cm, diffuse growth pattern, cellular or nuclear atypia, high mitotic rate, extensive necrosis, extrapancreatic invasion, metastasis and incomplete resection. Conclusions. SPN is not always indolent. Male patients and those with old age, atypical histopathology (large tumors, diffuse growth, cellular/nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, necrosis, invasion/metastasis) and incomplete resection may have a higher risk of recurrence and death, deserving particular attention.
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| 3. |
- David, Jennifer, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Development of a Hexacopter for the Search and Rescue of a Lost Drone
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Search and rescue with an autonomous robot is an attractive and challenging task within the research community. This paper presents the development of an autonomous hexacopter that is designed for retrieving a lost object, like a drone, from a vast-open space, like a desert area. Navigating its path with a proposed coverage path planning strategy, the hexacopter can efficiently search for a lost target and locate it using an image-based object detection algorithm. Moreover, after the target is located, our hexacopter can grasp it with a customised gripper and transport it back to a destined location. It is also capable of avoiding static obstacles and dynamic objects. The proposed system was realised in simulations before implementing it in a real hardware setup, i.e. assembly of the drone, crafting of the gripper, software implementation and testing under real-world scenarios. The designed hexacopter won the best UAV design award at the CPS-VO 2018 Competition held in Arizona, USA.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wallén-Mackenzie, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Restricted cortical and amygdaloid removal of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 in preadolescent mice impacts dopaminergic activity and neuronal circuitry of higher brain function.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. - 1529-2401 .- 0270-6474. ; 29:7, s. 2238-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge in neuroscience is to resolve the connection between gene functionality, neuronal circuits, and behavior. Most, if not all, neuronal circuits of the adult brain contain a glutamatergic component, the nature of which has been difficult to assess because of the vast cellular abundance of glutamate. In this study, we wanted to determine the role of a restricted subpopulation of glutamatergic neurons within the forebrain, the Vglut2-expressing neurons, in neuronal circuitry of higher brain function. Vglut2 expression was selectively deleted in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of preadolescent mice, which resulted in increased locomotor activity, altered social dominance and risk assessment, decreased sensorimotor gating, and impaired long-term spatial memory. Presynaptic VGLUT2-positive terminals were lost in the cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus, and a downstream effect on dopamine binding site availability in the striatum was evident. A connection between the induced late-onset, chronic reduction of glutamatergic neurotransmission and dopamine signaling within the circuitry was further substantiated by a partial attenuation of the deficits in sensorimotor gating by the dopamine-stabilizing antipsychotic drug aripiprazole and an increased sensitivity to amphetamine. Somewhat surprisingly, given the restricted expression of Vglut2 in regions responsible for higher brain function, our analyses show that VGLUT2-mediated neurotransmission is required for certain aspects of cognitive, emotional, and social behavior. The present study provides support for the existence of a neurocircuitry that connects changes in VGLUT2-mediated neurotransmission to alterations in the dopaminergic system with schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits as a major outcome.
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| 6. |
- Aggestam, Emil, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-objective design optimisation of transition zones between different railway track forms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/wheel Systems, CM 2018. - : TU Delft. - 2590-0609. - 9789461869630 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vertical dynamic interaction between vehicle and railway track is simulated in the time domain using an extended state space vector approach. The track model includes a transition zone between slab track on a bridge and ballasted track on an embankment. By considering a multi-objective optimisation problem, solved using a genetic algorithm, selected vehicle and track responses are simultaneously minimised by optimising the distributions of rail pad stiffness and sleeper spacing in the transition zone. It is shown that the magnitudes of the maximum dynamic loads in the optimised transition zone can be reduced to be similar as the magnitudes far away from the transition zone.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Noncardiac Surgery in Patients With Aortic Stenosis: A Contemporary Study on Outcomes in a Matched Sample From the Danish Health Care System
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : Wiley. - 1932-8737 .- 0160-9289. ; 37:11, s. 680-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPast research has identified aortic stenosis (AS) as a major risk factor for adverse outcomes in noncardiac surgery; however, more contemporary studies have questioned the grave prognosis. To further our understanding of this, the risks of a 30-day major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and all-cause mortality were investigated in a contemporary Danish cohort. HypothesisAS is not an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in noncardiac surgery. MethodsAll patients with and without diagnosed AS who underwent noncardiac surgery in 2005 to 2011 were identified through nationwide administrative registers. AS patients (n=2823; mean age, 75.5years, 53% female) were matched with patients without AS (n=2823) on propensity score for AS and surgery type. ResultsIn elective surgery, MACE (ie, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death) occurred in 66/1772 (3.7%) of patients with AS and 52/1772 (2.9%) of controls (P=0.19), whereas mortality occurred in 67/1772 (3.8%) AS patients and 51/1772 (2.9%) controls (P=0.13). In emergency surgery, 163/1051 (15.5%) AS patients and 120/1051 (11.4%) controls had a MACE (P=0.006), whereas 225/1051 (21.4%) vs 179/1051 (17.0%) AS patients and controls died, respectively (P=0.01). Event rates were higher for those with symptoms (defined as use of nitrates, congestive heart failure, or use of loop diuretics), compared with those without symptoms (P<0.0001). ConclusionsAS is associated with high perioperative rates of MACE and mortality, but perhaps prognosis is, in practice, not much worse for patients with AS than for matched controls. Symptomatic patients and patients undergoing emergency surgery are at considerable risks of a MACE and mortality.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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CELLoGeNe - An energy landscape framework for logical networks controlling cell decisions
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 25:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental and computational efforts are constantly made to elucidate mechanisms controlling cell fate decisions during development and reprogramming. One powerful computational method is to consider cell commitment and reprogramming as movements in an energy landscape. Here, we develop Computation of Energy Landscapes of Logical Gene Networks (CELLoGeNe), which maps Boolean implementation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) into energy landscapes. CELLoGeNe removes inadvertent symmetries in the energy landscapes normally arising from standard Boolean operators. Furthermore, CELLoGeNe provides tools to visualize and stochastically analyze the shapes of multi-dimensional energy landscapes corresponding to epigenetic landscapes for development and reprogramming. We demonstrate CELLoGeNe on two GRNs governing different aspects of induced pluripotent stem cells, identifying experimentally validated attractors and revealing potential reprogramming roadblocks. CELLoGeNe is a general framework that can be applied to various biological systems offering a broad picture of intracellular dynamics otherwise inaccessible with existing methods.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Emil, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Constructivist Contractualism and Future Generations
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Intergenerational Ethics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780190881962 - 9780190881931
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In constructivist contractualist theories, such as Rawls’, principles of justice should mirror beliefs that we all, in some sense, share. One would then arrive at principles that everybody could, in that sense, accept. These principles should specify, among other things, to whom to distribute the relevant benefits and burdens and to whom to assign responsibility for the distribution. In addition to this classical assignment problem, however, constructivist contractualism must also deal with a new, and quite different, assignment problem since what to count as beliefs that we all share depends on how the set of people that make up the “we” is delimited. Thus, for constructivist contractualism, the questions of whom to assign a part in the justification procedure and whom to exclude, and how to justify these inclusions and exclusions, are of crucial importance. In this chapter we consider the inclusion or exclusion of future generations, and how this case illuminates a general problem for constructivist contractualism.
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