| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Segregation och växande klyftor : En longitudinell studie
- 2021
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Ingår i: <em>Ungas uppväxtvillkor och integration </em>. - Stockholm. - 9789188021755
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En utjämning av människors livschanser. Det har varit en bärande tanke i det svenska välfärdsbygget. I en marknadsekonomi som inte av sig själv ser till att utjämna klyftor kan välfärdsstaten hjälpa till att ge alla människor, oberoende av bakgrund, någorlunda likartade chanser den dag de tar steget ut i vuxenlivet och på egen hand ska ställas inför marknadens krav (Lindh, Malmberg, & Palme 2005). Den är en politik som tar sin början redan under fostertiden, med en mödravård som ska se till att de nyfödda ska ha en god hälsa. Och den fortsätter från förskoletiden ända fram till myndighetsdagen, och längre för dem som söker sig till högre utbildning. Huvuddelen av denna politik riktar sig direkt mot barnet och dess familj med hälsoinsatser, föräldraförsäkring, barnomsorg, undervisning, skolmåltider, socialförsäk- ringar, arbetslöshetsunderstöd, barnbidrag, försörjningsstöd, och även en arbetsmarknad med kollektivavtal och anställningstrygghet som ska ge inkomsttrygghet för vuxna individer, men därmed också inkomsttrygghet för deras barn. Vid sidan av denna individinriktade politik har välfärdsstaten också slagit vakt om uppväxtmiljön i en vidare bemärkelse. Även de bostadsområden där barn växer upp ska erbjuda stöd för deras utveckling till vuxna individer. Bostadsområden ska vara säkra och trygga, funktionella för lek, erbjuda närhet till förskola, skola och hälsovård samt kunna erbjuda fritidsaktiviteter. Bostadsområden ska dessutom föra med sig vuxna som kan vara goda förebilder och ett socialt stöd, varför t.ex. kriminalitet ska motverkas. Om man inom området socialpolitik till stöd för barns uppväxt i Sverige kommit långt i likvärdighet, så gäller inte detta förutsättningar knutna till barns och ungas geografiska hemvist, t.ex. i form av det egna bostadsområdet. Det framgår av tidigare forskning om barns och ungas geografiska kontext i Sverige att det skiljer sig stort i många avseenden (Andersson 2001).I detta kapitel belyser vi inkomstsegregation i Sverige, med särskilt fokus på fattiga områden och utrikes födda. Vi visar också vilka konsekvenser en uppväxt i fattiga områden får senare i livet vad gäller inkomst och utbildning. Vi undersöker även i vilken utsträckning unga, med och utan migrantbakgrund, bor kvar i fattiga områden som vuxna, och vilka faktorer som påverkar flyttningen bort från fattiga områden.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Nadine, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic screening of children with suspected inherited bleeding disorders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 26:2, s. 314-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Genetic screening using high-throughput DNA sequencing has become a tool in diagnosing patients with suspected inherited bleeding disorders (IBD). However, its usefulness and diagnostic efficacy in children is unclear.AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of genetic screening for IBD in children and downstream further testing.METHODS: After informed consent, children (<18 years) with suspected IBD underwent genetic screening with 94 selected genes.RESULTS: A total of 68 heterozygous class 3-5 variants were detected in 30 children, 2.3 variants per patient. Directed specific functional testing was performed after genetic screening in a subset of patients. Adhering to the ACMG guidelines, the results of functional testing together with family history and previous publications classified three variants as likely disease causing (class 4) and two variants as disease causing (class 5), all in children with thrombocytopenia. The overall diagnostic rate was 16.7% (5/30). Children with thrombocytopenia had a significantly higher rate of significant genetic findings, 5/9 (55.6%) vs. 0/21 (0%; P = .0009).CONCLUSION: We conclude that performing genetic screening in children is an effective tool especially for children with inherited thrombocytopenia and has the possibility to diagnose platelet disorders adequately early in life. Children with bleeding diathesis, normal coagulation work-up and without thrombocytopenia are unlikely to be diagnosed by genetic screening. Ethical issues such as incidental findings, variants associated with cancer and the interpretation of the genetic results into clinical practice remain problematic.
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| 3. |
- Dubicke, Aurelija, et al.
(författare)
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High-mobility group box protein 1 and its signalling receptors in human preterm and term cervix
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7603 .- 0165-0378. ; 84:1, s. 86-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to identify possible changes in mRNA and protein expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and its suggested receptors - receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 - in human cervix during pregnancy, term and preterm labor. Cervical biopsies were taken from 58 women: 20 at preterm labor, 24 at term labor, 10 at term not in labor and 4 from non-pregnant women. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry and ELISA for protein analysis. HMGB1, RAGE, TLR2 and TLR4 proteins were localized and their mRNA expression was detected in the cervix. There was more extranuclear HMGB1 in the cervical epithelium and stroma in preterm and term labor compared to the term not in labor. TLR2 mRNA expression was upregulated 5-fold in term labor and 3-fold in preterm labor compared to term not in labor and non-pregnant controls. There was lower expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNAs in preterm labor compared to term. Lower mRNA expression of HMGB1 was found in the subgroup with preterm premature rupture of membranes than in the rest of the preterm group, where levels were significantly higher than in term labor. In conclusion, extranuclear expression of HMGB1 during labor suggests a possible role of HMGB1 during the process of cervical ripening. Changes in expression of mRNAs encoding HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 in preterm labor suggest differences in the mechanism of cervical ripening at preterm and term delivery. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Hammarstrand, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water and risk for polycystic ovarian syndrome, uterine leiomyoma, and endometriosis: A Swedish cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Perfluorinated substances (PFAS) are chemicals with endocrine disruptive properties that may interfere with the female reproductive system. However, few studies have explored the association between benign gynecological diseases and high PFAS exposure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between PFAS exposure and subsequent diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), uterine leiomyoma (fibroids), and endometriosis in a cohort exposed to PFAS through drinking water. Material and methods: In 2013, high levels (with sum of PFAS above 10,000 ng/L), dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), were found in the drinking water from one of the two waterworks in Ronneby, Sweden. The contamination came from firefighting foams used at a nearby airfield. Females of all ages (n = 29,106) who had ever resided in the municipality between 1985 and 2013 formed a cohort. Individual exposure was assessed based on municipality waterworks distribution data linked to annual residential address data; 27% of the females had ever lived at an address with PFAS-contaminated water. Gynecological health outcomes were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between exposure and each diagnosis. Results: There were in all 161 cases of PCOS, 1,122 cases of uterine leiomyoma, and 373 cases of endometriosis. In women aged 20-50 years (n = 18,503), those with the highest estimated PFAS exposure had increased hazard ratios (HR) for PCOS (HR = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43, 3.34) and uterine leiomyoma (HR = 1.28; 95% CI 0.95, 1.74). No increased HR for endometriosis was found (HR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.42, 1.29). Conclusions: Exposure to high levels of PFAS in drinking water was associated with increased risk of PCOS and possibly uterine leiomyoma, but not endometriosis. The findings for PCOS are consistent with prior studies reporting positive associations between PCOS and PFAS exposure at background levels.
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| 5. |
- Leinøe, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Application of whole-exome sequencing to direct the specific functional testing and diagnosis of rare inherited bleeding disorders in patients from the Öresund Region, Scandinavia
- 2017
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048. ; 179:2, s. 308-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rare inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) are a common cause of bleeding tendency. To ensure a correct diagnosis, specialized laboratory analyses are necessary. This study reports the results of an upfront diagnostic strategy using targeted whole exome sequencing. In total, 156 patients with a significant bleeding assessment tool score participated in the study, of which a third had thrombocytopenia. Eighty-seven genes specifically associated with genetic predisposition to bleeding were analysed by whole exome sequencing. Variants were classified according to the five-tier scheme. We identified 353 germline variants. Eight patients (5%) harboured a known pathogenic variant. Of the 345 previously unknown variants, computational analyses predicted 99 to be significant. Further filtration according to the Mendelian inheritance pattern, resulted in 59 variants being predicted to be clinically significant. Moreover, 34% (20/59) were assigned as novel class 4 or 5 variants upon targeted functional testing. A class 4 or 5 variant was identified in 30% of patients with thrombocytopenia (14/47) versus 11% of patients with a normal platelet count (12/109) (P < 0·01). An IBD diagnosis has a major clinical impact. The genetic investigations detailed here extricated our patients from a diagnostic conundrum, thus demonstrating that continuous optimization of the diagnostic work-up of IBD is of great benefit.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Nanosafety Approach Using Cell Painting, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Captures the Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes Induced by the Unintentionally Formed Metal-Based (Nano)Particles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial 3D printing uses cutting-edge technologies and materials to produce a variety of complex products. However, the effects of the unintentionally emitted AM (nano)particles (AMPs) on human cells following inhalation, require further investigations. The physicochemical characterization of the AMPs, extracted from the filter of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printer of iron-based materials, disclosed their complexity, in terms of size, shape, and chemistry. Cell Painting, a high-content screening (HCS) assay, was used to detect the subtle morphological changes elicited by the AMPs at the single cell resolution. The profiling of the cell morphological phenotypes, disclosed prominent concentration-dependent effects on the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and the membranous structures of the cell. Furthermore, lipidomics confirmed that the AMPs induced the extensive membrane remodeling in the lung epithelial and macrophage co-culture cell model. To further elucidate the biological mechanisms of action, the targeted metabolomics unveiled several inflammation-related metabolites regulating the cell response to the AMP exposure. Overall, the AMP exposure led to the internalization, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial activation, membrane remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of the lung epithelial cells and macrophages. We propose the approach of integrating Cell Painting with metabolomics and lipidomics, as an advanced nanosafety methodology, increasing the ability to capture the cellular and molecular phenotypes and the relevant biological mechanisms to the (nano)particle exposure.
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| 8. |
- Andell, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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The incidence of unprovoked seizures and occurrence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities in children at the time of their first epileptic seizure and during the subsequent six months
- 2015
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Ingår i: Epilepsy Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-1211 .- 1872-6844. ; 113, s. 140-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of unprovoked seizures in children and the prevalence of related neurodevelopmental comorbidities at the time of the presumed first seizure and six months thereafter. Methods: The medical records of all children (0-18 years of age) seeking medical attention as the result of a first unprovoked seizure between September 1, 2001 and December 31, 2006, and registered in the population-based Stockholm Incidence Registry of Epilepsy (SIRE) were reviewed. Neurodevelopmental comorbidities were evaluated on the basis of the medical records from this first visit and from other healthcare during the following six months. Results: The incidence of unprovoked seizures was between 30 and 204/100,000 person years (n=766) in the different age groups. It was highest among the youngest children and lowest among the 18-year-olds with small gender differences. The most common neurodevelopment comorbidities were developmental delay (22%, CI: 19-25%), speech/language and learning difficulties (23%, CI: 20-26%) and intellectual disability (16%, CI: 13-18%). The types of neurodevelopmental comorbidity varied by age at the time of seizure onset, with cerebral palsy being more common among the 0-5-year-olds, attention deficits among the 6-16-year-olds, and autism and psychiatric diagnosis among the older children. An associated neurodevelopmental comorbidity was more common among those experiencing recurrent than single seizures during follow-up six months from the index seizure (42% versus 66%). In 68% (CI: 64-71%) of the children there was no known or suspected neurodevelopmental comorbidity. Conclusion: The incidence of unprovoked, non-febrile seizures among 0-18-year-olds included in the SIRE was 67/100,000 person-years. Neurodevelopmental comorbidities were common already at the time of onset of the seizure disorder, indicating that neither seizure treatment nor seizures were the underlying cause of other neurodevelopmental symptoms in these patients during the period studied.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Anders, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Recreational trolling effort and catch of Atlantic salmon and brown trout in Vänern, the EU's largest lake
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-7836 .- 1872-6763. ; 227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recreational fishing has grown substantially worldwide; for some recreational fisheries both catch and economic value now exceeds that of commercial fisheries. Monitoring of recreational fisheries effort and catch is therefore important for sustainable fisheries management. We developed and implemented an angler survey to estimate effort and catch for the recreational trolling fishery for landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) in Lake Vänern, Sweden. Major challenges were the large spatial scale and dispersed fishing effort, a lack of revenue from fishing licence sales, and a lack of catch reporting requirements. We developed a complemented roving/mail-in survey to estimate effort and catch during the main fishing periods, spring and fall, 2014. Instantaneous counts from major access sites were used for effort estimates, and mail-in surveys were used for catch rates. Our results show that Vänern supports a salmon and trout fishery of some 28.7 ± 3.3 tonnes per year. Fishing effort was higher in the spring than in the fall, and there were seasonal differences in catch rates for trout but not for salmon. Estimates show that the recreational trolling fishery now harvests more salmon and trout annually than do the commercial and subsistence fisheries combined. This highlights the importance of continuing an angler survey program for Vänern as a key element for sustainable fisheries management, and can serve as a model for other recreational fisheries at large spatial scales.
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| 10. |
- Andersson Grönlund, Marita, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 84:2, s. 169-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To characterize ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years.METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional comprehensive ophthalmological investigation was performed on a sample of 143 children (67 girls, 76 boys) aged 4-15 years.RESULTS: Visual acuity (VA) in the better eye >or=1.0 (0.3 logMAR). Amblyopia was found in 0.7% of subjects. A total of 68% of the children had no refractive errors. Hyperopia (>or=2.0 dioptres [D] in spherical equivalent [SE]) was found in 9% and myopia (>or=0.5 D SE) in 6% of children. Astigmatism (>or=0.75 D) was recorded in 22% and anisometropia (>or=1.0 D SE) in 3%. A total of 8% were optically corrected. Strabismus was recorded in 3.5%. Signs of visuoperceptual problems were reported in 3% of the children.CONCLUSION: This sample of Swedish children may serve as a comparison group regarding ophthalmological findings in children aged 4-15 years.
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