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- Bolognesi, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Digital Tools for Fast Mapping of Buildings
- 2022
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Ingår i: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. ; , s. 51-62
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While the construction sector embraces digitalization, new technologies related to it are spreading benefits. The need of creating a 3D model of a building, a digital copy of something existing, is not new. Mediated by the advent of photographic and laser instrumentation, the construction of a digital model has crossed the fields of surveying with increasing accuracy and precision, imposing standards of capturing the existing first and modelling then ever higher. But while the Building Information Modelling allows a virtual representation of the existing asset enriching its geometry with precious and significant information related to its properties, advanced survey has always faced the impossibility to break the surface of the building, surveying what is inside walls, thus excluding what necessary should be contained within a BIM model. Also, BIM models do not consider the real-time component and do not report the real-time behaviour of the building. In this chapter we will investigate several technologies and instruments exploited till now for the surveying and positioning of existing buildings, plants included, and a new toolkit based on AR that, coupled with sensors and visualisation tools developed by BIM4EEB, offers many advantages when surveying the whole building. © 2022, The Author(s).
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- Häbel, Henrike, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of pore structure of polymer blended films used for controlled drug release
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 222, s. 151-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The characterization of the pore structure in pharmaceutical coatings is crucial for understanding and controlling mass transport properties and function in controlled drug release. Since the drug release rate can be associated with the film permeability, the effect of the pore structure on the permeability is important to study. In this paper, a new approach for characterizing the pore structure in polymer blended films was developed based on an image processing procedure for given two-dimensional scanning electron microscopy images of film cross-sections. The focus was on different measures for characterizing the complexity of the shape of a pore. The pore characterization developed was applied to ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) blended films, often used as pharmaceutical coatings, where HPC acts as the pore former. It was studied how two different HPC viscosity grades influence the pore structure and, hence, mass transport through the respective films. The film with higher HPC viscosity grade had been observed to be more permeable than the other in a previous study; however, experiments had failed to show a difference between their pore structures. By instead characterizing the pore structures using tools from image analysis, statistically significant differences in pore area fraction and pore shape were identified. More specifically, it was found that the more permeable film with higher HPC viscosity grade seemed to have more extended and complex pore shapes than the film with lower HPC viscosity grade. This result indicates a greater degree of connectivity in the film with higher permeability and statistically confirms hypotheses on permeability from related experimental studies.
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- Neimert-Andersson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxyl Surfactants. Stereochemical Influence on Langmuir Monolayers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 69:11, s. 3746-3752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein is described the synthesis of surfactants featuring polyhydroxylated head groups. Three head groups were prepared via consecutive stereoselective dihydroxylations of a diene. By coupling of these with lipophilic tail groups six novel surfactants have been prepared. The monolayers prepared from four of these have been investigated at the air-water interface. Significant differences were observed between monolayers consisting of enantiomerically pure surfactants contra racemates as well as between diastereomers.
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- Reitan, Nina K., et al.
(författare)
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Plast i byggevar och brannsikkerhet : Hovedprosjekt
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målet med prosjektet var å skape et grunnlag for at utvalgte byggvaerer i plast skal kunne brukes på en brannsikker måte. For å oppnå dette vurderer vi det som hensiktsmessigt å øke kunnskapsnivået om brannsikker håndtering av byggevarer i plast blant ulike aktører (brannvesen, prosjeterende, arkiteter og utførende). For å innhente ny kunnskap om riktig håndtering av byggevarer i plast, ble det gjort tester i fullskala og mindre skala av sandwichpaneler og plastplater. Dette er produkttyper som påstås utgjøre en brannrisiko, og som er utbredt i industri, nærings- og lagerbygg.
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- Rönner, Anna-Clara, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Species identification by genotyping and determination of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from humans and chickens in Sweden.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International journal of food microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 96:2, s. 173-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Campylobacter is today the most common cause of human bacterial enteritis in Sweden, as well as in most other industrialized countries. Common sources of infection are undercooked chicken meat, unpasteurized milk and contaminated drinking water. One aim with our present study was to identify the species Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from humans and chickens using a polymerase chain reaction/restriction enzyme analysis (PCR/REA) method, as well as traditional hippurate hydrolysis test. Another aim was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of the human domestic C. jejuni/C. coli isolates from infected patients and isolates from healthy Swedish chicken, as well as isolates from humans infected abroad. If discrimination between C. jejuni and C. coli was based on testing for hippurate hydrolysis, 95% of the human domestic strains and 88% of the chicken strains were identified as C. jejuni. Based on genotyping by PCR/REA, 100% of the human domestic strains and 98% of the chicken strains were attributed to C. jejuni. The E-test and disc diffusion methods were used for phenotypic antibiotic resistance studies. The two methods gave similar results. Most Swedish C. jejuni/C. coli isolates both from humans and chickens were sensitive to doxycycline and erythromycin, which are antibiotics used to treat human infection. Only 7% of the human domestic strains and 2% of the chicken strains were resistant to the quinolones tested. As a comparison, more than 94% of strains isolated from travelers to Asia and southern Europe showed antibiotic resistance to one or more drugs.
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- Sonesson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Paths to a sustainable food sector: integrated design and LCA of future food supply chains : the case of pork production in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Ferlag. - 0948-3349 .- 1614-7502. ; 21:5, s. 664-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe a more sustainable food sector, a supply chain approach is needed. Changing a supply chain inevitably means that various attributes of the product and its system will change. This project assumed this challenge and delivered detailed descriptions, life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluations, and consequence assessments of the supply chains of six commodities, i.e., milk, cheese, beef, pork, chicken, and bread, from a Swedish region. This paper presents results for the pork supply chain. Methods: In the project setup, experts on production along supply chains designed three scenarios for environmentally improved systems. These scenarios, i.e., the ecosystem, plant nutrients, and climate scenarios, were intended to address different clusters of environmental goals. The next step was to challenge these scenarios by considering their possible consequences for products and systems from the food safety, sensory quality, animal welfare, consumer appreciation, and (for primary production only) cost perspectives. This led to changes in production system design to prevent negative consequences. The final supply chains were quantified using LCA and were again assessed from the three perspectives. Results and discussion: The scenario design approach worked well, thoroughly and credibly describing the production systems. Assessment of consequences bolstered the credibility and quality of the systems and results. The LCA of pig production and smoked ham identified large potentials for improvement by implementing available knowledge: global warming potential (GWP) could be reduced 21–54 % and marine eutrophication by 14–45 %. The main reason for these improvements was improved productivity (approaching the best producers’ current performance), though dedicated measures were also important, resulting in increased nitrogen efficiency, more varied crop rotations for crop production and better production management, and improved animal health and manure management for animal production. Reduced post-farm wastage contributed as did reduced emissions from fertilizer production. Conclusions: The working approach applied was successful in integrating LCA research with food system production expertise to deliver results relevant to supply chain decision-makers. The consequence assessments brought considerable value to the project, giving its results greater credibility. By introducing constraints in the form of “no negative consequences and no increased costs,” the work was “guided” so that the scenario design avoided being hampered by too many opportunities.
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