| 1. |
- Ahlberg, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Learning From Incident Reporting? : Analysis of Incidents Resulting in Patient Injuries in a Web-Based System in Swedish Health Care
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of patient safety. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1549-8417 .- 1549-8425. ; 16:4, s. 264-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Incident reporting (IR) systems have the potential to improve patient safety if they enable learningfrom the reported risks and incidents. The aim of this study was to investigate incidents registered in an IR system in a Swedish county council.Methods The study was conducted in the County Council of Östergötland, Sweden. Data were retrieved from the IR system, which included 4755 incidents occurring in somatic care that resulted in patient injuries from 2004 to 2012. One hundred correctly classified patient injuries were randomly sampled from 3 injury severity levels: injuries leading to deaths, permanent harm, and temporary harm. Three aspects were analyzed: handling of the incident, causes of the incident, and actions taken to prevent its recurrence.Results Of the 300 injuries, 79% were handled in the departments where they occurred. The department head decided what actions should be taken to prevent recurrence in response to 95% of the injuries. A total of 448 causes were identified for the injuries; problems associated with procedures, routines, and guidelines were most common. Decisions taken for 80% of the injuries could be classified using the IR system documentation and root cause analysis. The most commonly pursued type of action was change of work routine or guideline.Conclusions The handling, causes, and actions taken to prevent recurrence were similar for injuries of different severity levels. Various forms of feedback (information, education, and dialogue) were an integral aspect of the IR system. However, this feedback was primarily intradepartmental and did not yield much organizational learning.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Acute intermittent porphyria in women : clinical expression, use and experience of exogenous sex hormones. A population-based study in northern Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 254:2, s. 176-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical expression of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) in women, their use of exogenous sex hormones, and the effects on AIP. DESIGN: A retrospective population-based study. SUBJECTS: All women aged > or =18 years (n = 190) with DNA-diagnosed AIP in northern Sweden. RESULTS: A total of 166 women (87%) participated; 91 (55%) had manifest AIP. Severe attacks were reported by 82%; 39% reported recurrent premenstrual AIP attacks and 22% reported chronic AIP symptoms. Oral hormonal contraceptives had been used by 58% of all these women and by 50 with manifest AIP (57%). Twelve women (24%) associated oral contraceptives as precipitating AIP attacks; in nine cases their first attack. One woman experienced relief from AIP symptoms. On commencing their treatment, 72% of the women with manifest AIP had not yet suffered their first attack. Twenty-two women (25%) aged > or =45 years had used hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) at menopause to remedy climacteric symptoms (the percutaneous route was most frequently used); no AIP attack was precipitated. HRT to remedy vaginal dryness was used by 26 women (28%) aged > or =45 years without triggering an AIP attack. Miscarriages were more frequent in women with manifest AIP (50%) than in the latent group (30%, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: About half of the women with AIP had used oral hormonal contraceptives. As 25% of women with manifest AIP reported attacks associated with such drugs, caution must still be recommended. Menopausal HRT only rarely affected the disorder. Miscarriage was more common amongst women with manifest AIP.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Granlund, Lena E., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D status was not associated with anxiety, depression, or health-related quality of life in Middle Eastern and African-born immigrants in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 75, s. 109-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Active vitamin D is a neurosteroid that may modulate brain function. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and depression and anxiety have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that there was an association between anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and vitamin D status. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between anxiety, depression, and HRQOL and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations in the Middle Eastern and African-born immigrant population. All immigrants aged 25-65 years, born in 9 African or Middle Eastern countries, and living in 3 districts in Umea (n = 1306) were invited, with 195 English- or Swedish-speaking immigrants (104 men and 91 women) participated. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. HRQOL was measured using EuroQoL-5 Dimension 3 Level Questionnaire and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations were determined using logistic and linear regression. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, origin, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and obesity. In total, 71% had 25(OH)D less than 50 nmol/ L and 11% had 25(OH)D less than 25 nmol/L. Anxiety, depression, and HRQOL were not associated with 25(OH)D in the immigrant population. Anxiety was common in female immigrants from the Middle East (32.7%); and after adjustment, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher risk of anxiety (25[OH]D <= 49 nmol/L vs 25[OH] D >= 50 nmol/L: odds ratio 23.2 [95% confidence interval 1.97 - 271.9] P = .012) in this subgroup only; however, reverse causality could not be excluded. In conclusion, the study showed no association between depression, anxiety, or HRQOL and vitamin D status in the immigrant population.
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| 5. |
- Granlund, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with nutrition, travelling and clothing habits in an immigrant population in Northern Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 70:3, s. 373-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in immigrants from Africa and the Middle East living in Umeå, Sweden.DESIGN: Cross-sectional population based.SETTING: Umeå, Sweden (63° N).SUBJECTS/METHODS: Immigrants aged 25-65 years from nine countries in Africa or the Middle East (n=1306) were invited. A total of 111 men and 106 women (16.5%) completed the study. S-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was measured with HPLC. Anthropometry, medical, socioeconomic and lifestyle data were registered.RESULTS: Vitamin D status was insufficient or deficient in 73% of the participants. Specifically, 12% had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D3<25 nmol/l), and only 3.7% had optimal vitamin D status (25(OH)D3 75-125 nmol/l). Mean 25(OH)D3 level was 41.0 nmol/l (±16.6) with no difference between sexes. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were lower (P=0.030) and vitamin D deficiency was twice as common in immigrants from Africa compared with those from the Middle East. In the multiple regression analysis, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with low fatty fish intake (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.61-11.55), not travelling abroad (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.18-11.96) and wearing long-sleeved clothes in summer (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.09-9.12).CONCLUSIONS: The majority of immigrants from Africa and the Middle East who live in northern Sweden have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Our results are consistent with sun exposure and a diet with high intake of fatty fish being most important in avoiding vitamin D deficiency.
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| 6. |
- Granlund, Lena, 1960-
(författare)
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Vitamin D deficiency in Northern Sweden : a cross-sectional study of an immigrant population at latitude 63° N, including an open partially randomized, controlled trial studying the effect of supplementation with different doses of cholecalciferol
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Vitamin D is a prohormone that plays a key role in the calcium and phosphate balance and has physiological functions throughout the entire body. Vitamin D is supplied by exposure to ultraviolet light or by food. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in immigrants in Northern Sweden was unknown. There was no consensus on how to define or treat vitamin D deficiency and no pure preparations of cholecalciferol available in Sweden.Aims: To study the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in immigrants of African and Middle Eastern origin, to examine associations between vitamin D status and muscle strength, anxiety, depression and quality of life, and to determine the effect of supplementation with cholecalciferol on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] and vitamin D status.Methods: 1. A cross-sectional, population-based study. Immigrants ages 25-65 from Africa and the Middle East (n=1306) living in Umeå, Sweden, were invited to participate. A total of 111 men and 106 women (16.5%) participated. 25(OH)D was measured by LC-MsMs. Anthropometry, medical, socioeconomic and lifestyle data was registered. Examinations: lower limb muscle strength, grip strength, HAD, health-related quality of life (QoL) 2. An open, partially randomized, controlled trial including immigrants from Africa or the Middle East, 192 subjects screened, 160 included and 147 completed the study. Intervention: cholecalciferol 12±2 weeks, 4 parallel groups; Group 1: 25(OH)D <25nmol/L: 10000 IU/d, Groups 2a and 2b: 25(OH)D 25-49 nmol/L: 2000 IU/d or 2000 IU/w, Group 3: 25(OH)D 50-74 nmol/L: 2000 IU/d.Results: Twelve percent of the immigrants showed a vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ˂25 nmol/L) and 73 % showed 25(OH)D ˂50 nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency was twice as common in African immigrants as in the Middle Eastern group. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with intake of fatty fish less than once a week, absence of travel abroad and use of long-sleeved clothing in summer. Lower limb muscle strength was associated with 25(OH)D levels and weaker grip strength was associated with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with anxiety, depression or QoL in the total immigrant population. In Middle Eastern women, in whom prevalence of anxiety was higher, anxiety was associated with 25(OH)D ≤49 nmol/L. Oral cholecalciferol was effective in increasing 25(OH)D. At study end, 100% in Group 1, 89% in Group 2a, 55% in Group 2b and 96% in Group 3 reached adequate vitamin D status (25(OH)D ˃50 nmol/L). In Group 1; 62 % reached 25(OH)D ≥125 nmol/L.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was common in the immigrant group and no difference was shown between men and women. A diet including a high intake of fatty fish was most important in avoiding vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D status was associated with muscle strength in all immigrants. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with anxiety, depression or QoL in the immigrants. In female immigrants from the Middle East, anxiety was associated with 25(OH)D levels ≤49 nmol/L. Supplementation with cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day for three months was safe in healthy individuals with initial 25(OH)D 25-49 nmol/L, but monitoring is warranted since 11 % did not attain sufficient vitamin D status. The dose 10 000 IU/day in patients with initial 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L was unnecessarily high.
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| 7. |
- Granlund, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D is associated with lower limb muscle strength and grip strength in Middle Eastern- and African-born immigrants in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 59, s. 29-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing evidence that vitamin D status is associated with muscle function. Vitamin D deficiency is common in immigrants. We hypothesized that there was a positive association between vitamin D status and muscle strength in immigrants. The aim of this study was to examine associations between vitamin D status and muscle strength in an immigrant population in Sweden. All immigrants aged 25-65 years, born in 9 African or Middle East countries, and living in a district in Umeå (n = 1306) were invited. A total of 111 men and 105 women (16.5%) completed the study. Lower limb muscle strength was examined using a standardized muscle function indices of muscle strength. Grip strength was examined using a JAMAR hand dynamometer. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The analyses were adjusted for sex, age, height, body mass index, years since immigration, 25(OH)D, vitamin D deficiency, physical activity, and medical and socioeconomic factors. Twelve percent of the immigrants had vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/L]. In multivariable analyses, reduced lower limb muscle strength remained linearly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentrations (P = .008) and weaker grip strength remained associated with vitamin D deficiency (P = .022) after adjustments. The association between vitamin D deficiency and reduced lower limb muscle strength did not reach statistical significance (P = .052). The results demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency and low 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with muscle weakness in immigrants.
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| 8. |
- Innala, Eva, 1956-
(författare)
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Acute intermittent porphyria, women and sex hormones. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in porphyria
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Porphyrias are inherited disorders with impaired heme biosynthesis. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is the most common porphyria in Sweden. AIP attacks may be life-threatening. Female sex hormones are regarded as important precipitating factors. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe complication in the older AIP population. The aim of the thesis was to describe the clinical expression of AIP in women, experience of hormonal contraception and hormonal replacement therapies (HRT) and of pregnancies. Secondly, we evaluated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment for prevention of menstrual-cycle-related AIP attacks. Thirdly, we evaluated whether an altered sex-steroid metabolism was present in AIP women compared with controls. Finally, we evaluated the benefit of screening for HCC in AIP in a 15-year follow-up study. Methods and results: In a retrospective population-based study in northern Sweden, 166 female AIP gene carriers ≥18 years of age participated. Manifest AIP (MAIP) was reported in 55%; 82% had severe attacks and 39% had menstrual-cycle-related attacks. Hormonal contraceptives were used by 94, and 12 reported that this precipitated AIP attacks. HRT and local vaginal treatments in menopause did not precipitate AIP attacks. Only 10% reported impairment of AIP symptoms during pregnancy. In the retrospective follow-up study of GnRH-agonist treatment, 11 of 14 women improved during treatment. Porphyria attacks were triggered in two women after estradiol add-back and in 5 of 9 women after progesterone add-back. In the sex-steroid metabolism study, levels of s-progesterone, estradiol, allopregnanolone and pregnanolone during the menstrual cycle in 32 AIP gene carriers were compared with 20 healthy controls. Progesterone metabolism in the AIP group differed from controls. In the AIP group levels of allopregnanolone, but not pregnanolone, were significantly lower. In the prospective HCC screening study AIP gene carriers aged >55 years were included. On average 62 subjects participated during 15 years. HCC was diagnosed in 22 of 180 eligible AIP gene carriers in the region (male:female, 12:10, 73% MAIP). The annual incidence of HCC was 0.8%. The risk of HCC was 64-fold higher than in the general population over 50 years of age in this region, and even higher for AIP women (93-fold). Increased 3- and 5-year survival was seen in the regularly screened AIP group. Liver lab tests were not useful in HCC screening. Conclusion: The clinical expression of AIP in women is pronounced and menstrual-cycle-related attacks are common. Hormonal contraceptives can induce AIP attacks and caution is recommended. GnRH-agonist treatment can ameliorate menstrual-cycle-related attacks of porphyria. Dose findings for GnRH-agonists and add-back regimes, especially for progesterone, are intricate. Progesterone metabolism in the AIP group differs from that in healthy controls. HCC screening in AIP gene carriers >50 years of age enables early diagnosis and a possibility for curative treatments. Annual HCC screening with liver imaging is recommended in AIP gene carriers >50 years of age.
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| 9. |
- Innala, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for prevention of menstrual-related attacks in acute porphyria
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 89:1, s. 95-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the benefits and adverse effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment for prevention of recurrent menstrual attacks in women with acute intermittent porphyria and variegate porphyria. To describe concomitant add-back therapies with estradiol and progesterone and describe their benefits and adverse effects. DESIGN: A retrospective follow-up with questionnaires, interviews and medical records. SETTING: Out-patient care at the Umeå University Hospital in Sweden. POPULATION: Sixteen Caucasian women with DNA-diagnosed porphyria and menstrual-cycle-related porphyria attacks were treated with GnRH agonists during 1984-2000. Fourteen women participated. The mean age when treatment started was 33 years (17-48 years). The duration of treatment varied between 5 months and 9 years. METHODS: GnRH agonists were administered by the intranasal route or by injections. To reduce menopausal symptoms, add-back therapy with low doses of estradiol was administered, and for endometrial protection progesterone was usually administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment effects and adverse events as detected in questionnaires, interviews and medical records. RESULTS: Eleven women reported benefits from GnRH agonist treatment with less intense and/or less frequent porphyria attacks, and in four of them attacks almost disappeared. Two women reported no change. One woman had only temporary improvement. Porphyria attacks were triggered by solely estradiol add-back in two women and in five of nine women when progesterone was given. CONCLUSIONS: GnRH agonist treatment can ameliorate menstrual-cycle-related attacks of porphyria. Dose findings for GnRH agonists and add-back regimes especially for progesterone are intricate.
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| 10. |
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