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- Andersson, Eva, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Segregation och växande klyftor : En longitudinell studie
- 2021
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Ingår i: <em>Ungas uppväxtvillkor och integration </em>. - Stockholm. - 9789188021755
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En utjämning av människors livschanser. Det har varit en bärande tanke i det svenska välfärdsbygget. I en marknadsekonomi som inte av sig själv ser till att utjämna klyftor kan välfärdsstaten hjälpa till att ge alla människor, oberoende av bakgrund, någorlunda likartade chanser den dag de tar steget ut i vuxenlivet och på egen hand ska ställas inför marknadens krav (Lindh, Malmberg, & Palme 2005). Den är en politik som tar sin början redan under fostertiden, med en mödravård som ska se till att de nyfödda ska ha en god hälsa. Och den fortsätter från förskoletiden ända fram till myndighetsdagen, och längre för dem som söker sig till högre utbildning. Huvuddelen av denna politik riktar sig direkt mot barnet och dess familj med hälsoinsatser, föräldraförsäkring, barnomsorg, undervisning, skolmåltider, socialförsäk- ringar, arbetslöshetsunderstöd, barnbidrag, försörjningsstöd, och även en arbetsmarknad med kollektivavtal och anställningstrygghet som ska ge inkomsttrygghet för vuxna individer, men därmed också inkomsttrygghet för deras barn. Vid sidan av denna individinriktade politik har välfärdsstaten också slagit vakt om uppväxtmiljön i en vidare bemärkelse. Även de bostadsområden där barn växer upp ska erbjuda stöd för deras utveckling till vuxna individer. Bostadsområden ska vara säkra och trygga, funktionella för lek, erbjuda närhet till förskola, skola och hälsovård samt kunna erbjuda fritidsaktiviteter. Bostadsområden ska dessutom föra med sig vuxna som kan vara goda förebilder och ett socialt stöd, varför t.ex. kriminalitet ska motverkas. Om man inom området socialpolitik till stöd för barns uppväxt i Sverige kommit långt i likvärdighet, så gäller inte detta förutsättningar knutna till barns och ungas geografiska hemvist, t.ex. i form av det egna bostadsområdet. Det framgår av tidigare forskning om barns och ungas geografiska kontext i Sverige att det skiljer sig stort i många avseenden (Andersson 2001).I detta kapitel belyser vi inkomstsegregation i Sverige, med särskilt fokus på fattiga områden och utrikes födda. Vi visar också vilka konsekvenser en uppväxt i fattiga områden får senare i livet vad gäller inkomst och utbildning. Vi undersöker även i vilken utsträckning unga, med och utan migrantbakgrund, bor kvar i fattiga områden som vuxna, och vilka faktorer som påverkar flyttningen bort från fattiga områden.
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| 2. |
- Dubicke, Aurelija, et al.
(författare)
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High-mobility group box protein 1 and its signalling receptors in human preterm and term cervix
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7603 .- 0165-0378. ; 84:1, s. 86-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to identify possible changes in mRNA and protein expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and its suggested receptors - receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 - in human cervix during pregnancy, term and preterm labor. Cervical biopsies were taken from 58 women: 20 at preterm labor, 24 at term labor, 10 at term not in labor and 4 from non-pregnant women. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry and ELISA for protein analysis. HMGB1, RAGE, TLR2 and TLR4 proteins were localized and their mRNA expression was detected in the cervix. There was more extranuclear HMGB1 in the cervical epithelium and stroma in preterm and term labor compared to the term not in labor. TLR2 mRNA expression was upregulated 5-fold in term labor and 3-fold in preterm labor compared to term not in labor and non-pregnant controls. There was lower expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNAs in preterm labor compared to term. Lower mRNA expression of HMGB1 was found in the subgroup with preterm premature rupture of membranes than in the rest of the preterm group, where levels were significantly higher than in term labor. In conclusion, extranuclear expression of HMGB1 during labor suggests a possible role of HMGB1 during the process of cervical ripening. Changes in expression of mRNAs encoding HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 in preterm labor suggest differences in the mechanism of cervical ripening at preterm and term delivery. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Hammarstrand, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water and risk for polycystic ovarian syndrome, uterine leiomyoma, and endometriosis: A Swedish cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Perfluorinated substances (PFAS) are chemicals with endocrine disruptive properties that may interfere with the female reproductive system. However, few studies have explored the association between benign gynecological diseases and high PFAS exposure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between PFAS exposure and subsequent diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), uterine leiomyoma (fibroids), and endometriosis in a cohort exposed to PFAS through drinking water. Material and methods: In 2013, high levels (with sum of PFAS above 10,000 ng/L), dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), were found in the drinking water from one of the two waterworks in Ronneby, Sweden. The contamination came from firefighting foams used at a nearby airfield. Females of all ages (n = 29,106) who had ever resided in the municipality between 1985 and 2013 formed a cohort. Individual exposure was assessed based on municipality waterworks distribution data linked to annual residential address data; 27% of the females had ever lived at an address with PFAS-contaminated water. Gynecological health outcomes were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between exposure and each diagnosis. Results: There were in all 161 cases of PCOS, 1,122 cases of uterine leiomyoma, and 373 cases of endometriosis. In women aged 20-50 years (n = 18,503), those with the highest estimated PFAS exposure had increased hazard ratios (HR) for PCOS (HR = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43, 3.34) and uterine leiomyoma (HR = 1.28; 95% CI 0.95, 1.74). No increased HR for endometriosis was found (HR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.42, 1.29). Conclusions: Exposure to high levels of PFAS in drinking water was associated with increased risk of PCOS and possibly uterine leiomyoma, but not endometriosis. The findings for PCOS are consistent with prior studies reporting positive associations between PCOS and PFAS exposure at background levels.
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| 7. |
- Ahlgren, Erik, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Biokombi Rya - slutrapporter från ingående delprojekt
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom projektet Biokombi Rya har ett flertal olika forskargrupper samarbetat för att studera system¬effekterna av förgasning av biobränsle ur olika aspekter. Syftet med projektet är att öka kunskapen om biobränsleförgasning i Sverige samt att utreda förutsättningar för att sådana anläggningar ska vara ekonomiskt och miljömässigt intressanta. En referensgrupp har varit kopplad till projektet där förutsättningar, resultat och slutsatser har behandlats.I denna underlagsrapport har slutrapporterna från projektets delprojekt samlats. De beskriver förutsättningar, metodansatser, använda data och resultat utförligt och utgör på så sätt ett viktigt komplement till den mer övergripande beskrivningen i projektets syntesrapport. De delrapporter som ingår har valts för att täcka in samtliga delar av projektet som är av allmänt intresse. Projektresultat som publicerats på annat sätt berörs dock mer kortfattat.Projektet Biokombi Rya har pågått under två år (2005-2006) och drivits av Chalmers EnergiCentrum. Förutom de omfattande analysinsatser som författarna till denna rapport står för, har Avdelningen för kemisk teknologi vid KTH, Siemens Industrial Turbines AB och Göteborg Energi AB bidragit med expertstöd. CIT Industriell Energianalys, med undertecknad som projektledare, har stått för projektledning och koordination.Projektet har finansierats av Energimyndigheten, Göteborg Energis forsknings¬stiftelse samt Göteborg Energi AB.
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| 8. |
- Alm Fjellborg, Andreas, 1982-
(författare)
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Housing tenure and residential mobility in Stockholm 1990-2014
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the links between housing tenure, income and selective, segregation generating, residential mobility are explored. The development of these links is analysed against the background of housing regime changes in Stockholm between 1990 and 2014. Housing policy changes in Sweden, and Stockholm, promote ownership through, for instance, housing tenure conversions and the tax-system. What this development means for residential mobility trends and may mean for ethnic and economic segregation is explored in three articles. Paper 1 contrasts two time periods and provides an analysis of residential mobility and economic sorting. It is shown that the socioeconomic composition of movers is relatively stable over time while the increasingly owner dominated housing market in Stockholm contributes to stronger socio-spatial residential patterns through the strengthened economic sorting of movers across the whole income scale. Paper 2 has a focus on ethnic and socioeconomic differences in out-mobility from poor neighbourhoods. The findings indicate that foreign background residents are dependent upon housing wealth and income to be able to leave poor neighbourhoods when they move, while the Swedish background group has a variety of resources at their disposal when they move. Paper 3 analyses how housing tenure affects moving, and movers' destinations, in neighbourhoods with high concentrations of non-western foreign-born residents in Stockholm. By comparing two cohorts (1993-2000 and 2001-2008) it is analysed how this relationship develops over time. Housing tenure and income do not seem to be pivotal for who moves, but increasingly important for where movers end up. Results display ethnic differences and how the changing housing market in Stockholm reproduces ethnic segregation. Two main conclusions from the thesis are that (i) the changing housing regime in Stockholm produces stronger economic sorting of movers – this has been affected by the geographically, socioeconomically and ethnically uneven gains from the housing market transformations experienced over the last three decades. (ii) The residential mobility patterns and the economic stratification of residential mobility opportunities that the reconfiguration of Stockholm’s housing market gives rise to increases the economic, political and social marginalization of neighbourhoods characterized by low income levels and high shares of foreign-born residents. Combating ethnic segregation is today even more closely related to the socioeconomic differences between the foreign-born and native-born parts of the population.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Ökad fysisk aktivitet viktigt för att bromsa sjukfrånvaron
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter, DN.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Försäkringskassans rapport (DN Debatt 27/11 2015) visar att sjukfrånvaron fortsätter att öka och lovar att kraftsamla i sjukförsäkringshandläggningen. Men, precis som Försäkringskassan skriver, kommer det inte att räcka för att nå regeringens mål. Regeringens åtgärdsprograms program i sju punkter för att minska sjukfrånvaron saknar en viktig komponent. Det måste kompletteras med fysisk aktivitet som ett åttonde område för att trenden ska kunna brytas, skriver 13 debattörer.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1967-
(författare)
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Exploring Perceptions of Route Environments in Relation to Walking
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Every walk takes place in a route environment, which can play an important role in deterring or facilitating walking. The focus of this thesis is on the perceptions of environmental variables, and how they relate to appraisals of route environments as hindering – stimulating for walking and unsafe – safe for reasons of traffic, in two metropolitan environments. Another focus is to expand the state of knowledge concerning the criterion-related validity of the Active Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES).Methods: Commuting pedestrians in Greater Stockholm, Sweden, were recruited via advertisements. From the inner urban area there were 294 participants (77% women), aged 49.5 years, and from the suburban areas there were 233 participants (82% women), aged 50.0 years. 77 individuals walked in both areas. The participants evaluated their commuting route environments using the ACRES. Correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were used to explore the relationships between the variables. Comparisons of environmental ratings between groups and settings were performed with t-tests. Studies 1 and 2 focused on the inner urban area and studies 3 and 4 on the suburban areas. Studies 1 and 3 focused exclusively on the relations between the four motorized traffic variables (vehicle speed, vehicle flow, noise, and exhaust fumes), and their relations to the outcome variables (hinders – stimulates walking and unsafe – safe traffic). Studies 2 and 4 utilised proxies from studies 1 and 3 and combined them with other environmental variables to further the understanding of route environmental variables in relation to walking.Results: In both areas, aesthetics and greenery were positively related to stimulating walking, whereas noise, a proxy for motorized traffic, was negatively related. Aesthetics was also positively related to unsafe – safe traffic in the inner urban area, whereas greenery had the corresponding role in suburbia. Another important finding was that greenery also influenced aesthetics positively in both areas. Thus, greenery had both a direct and an indirect positive effect. On the other hand, noise influenced aesthetics negatively in the inner urban area, whereas vehicle flow had the corresponding role in suburbia. A number of variables conjointly influenced the outcome unsafe – safe traffic negatively in both areas (speeds of motor vehicles, noise, conflicts, congestion: pedestrians, red lights, and course of the route). The route environment profiles differed distinctly between the two areas.Conclusions: Several route environmental variables appear to be particularly influential in relation to pedestrian commuting, e.g., aesthetics, greenery, and noise. An important finding is that both positive and negative interactions, between certain predictor variables, were disclosed. The contrasting route environment profiles in the different settings strengthen the criterion-related validity of the ACRES. The findings expands the state of knowledge concerning the relations between the environment and walking. If implemented, these findings can influence public health positively.
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