| 1. |
- Andersson Grönlund, Marita, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 84:2, s. 169-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To characterize ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years.METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional comprehensive ophthalmological investigation was performed on a sample of 143 children (67 girls, 76 boys) aged 4-15 years.RESULTS: Visual acuity (VA) in the better eye >or=1.0 (0.3 logMAR). Amblyopia was found in 0.7% of subjects. A total of 68% of the children had no refractive errors. Hyperopia (>or=2.0 dioptres [D] in spherical equivalent [SE]) was found in 9% and myopia (>or=0.5 D SE) in 6% of children. Astigmatism (>or=0.75 D) was recorded in 22% and anisometropia (>or=1.0 D SE) in 3%. A total of 8% were optically corrected. Strabismus was recorded in 3.5%. Signs of visuoperceptual problems were reported in 3% of the children.CONCLUSION: This sample of Swedish children may serve as a comparison group regarding ophthalmological findings in children aged 4-15 years.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Aring, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Strabismus and binocular functions in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Strabismus. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0927-3972 .- 1744-5132. ; 13:2, s. 55-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate strabismus, head posture, nystagmus, stereoacuity, ocular motility, near point of convergence (NPC) and accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A) in a sample of Swedish children. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 143 children, 4-15 years of age. RESULTS: Heterotropia was found in five children (3.5%), four with esotropia and one with exotropia. One child with esotropia had a slight overaction of both inferior oblique muscles. Heterophoria was found in 37 children (26%) at near and/or distance fixation and it was four times more common at near than at distance. In 29 children, heterophoria was found at one distance only and orthophoria at the other. Orthophoria at both near and distance fixation was noted in 101 children (70.5%). The near point of convergence was < or =6 cm in 97% of the children and 97% had stereoacuity of 60" or better. In the whole group, the median AC/A ratio calculated with the heterophoria method was 5.6/1 prism diopters/diopters (PD/D) and with the gradient method, 1.3/1 PD/D. No anomalous head postures or nystagmus were observed and all children had normal versions. CONCLUSION: In this study, 143 well-defined children were investigated with a battery of accurately described tests, commonly used in clinical practice. These results are in agreement with those of other studies examining one or few variables in larger populations and the authors therefore conclude that their results may be used for comparisons with different patient groups.
|
|
| 5. |
- Aring, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Strabismus, binocular functions and ocular motility in children with hydrocephalus.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Strabismus. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0927-3972 .- 1744-5132. ; 15:2, s. 79-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate heterotropia, heterophoria, head posture, nystagmus, stereo acuity, ocular motility and near point of convergence (NPC) in children with hydrocephalus treated surgically before 1 year of age. In addition, the effects of being born with hydrocephalus, the effect of the etiology of hydrocephalus, number of shunt revisions and the size of the ventricles on these variables were studied. METHODS: A population-based study was performed in 75 children and the results were compared with the results of an age- and sex-matched group (comp group) (n = 140). RESULTS: Heterotropia 68.9% (comp group 3.6%; p < 0.001), abnormal head posture 41.3% (comp group 0; p < 0.001), nystagmus 44.0% (comp group 0; p < 0.001), stereo acuity < or =60'' 33.8% (comp group 97.1%; p < 0.001) and ocular motility defects 69.7% (comp group 0.7%; p < 0.001) were more common among children with hydrocephalus than in the comparison group. Children with overt hydrocephalus at birth had significantly more heterotropia (p = 0.0006), esotropia (p = 0.002), abnormal head posture (p = 0.02) and motility defects (p = 0.003) compared to those with hydrocephalus developing during the first year of life. The etiology, number of shunt revisions and the size of the ventricles had no significant effect on any of the investigated variables. CONCLUSIONS: Children with hydrocephalus surgically treated before the age of one year commonly present orthoptic abnormalities. The etiology of hydrocephalus, number of shunt revisions and ventricle size seem to be of minor importance compared with the age of onset of hydrocephalus with regard to the risk for orthoptic abnormalities.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Hellström, Ann, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Early weight gain predicts retinopathy in preterm infants: new, simple, efficient approach to screening
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Pediatrics. - 1098-4275. ; 123:4, s. 638-645
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The risk for sight-threatening retinopathy of prematurity is predicted by using gestational age and/or weight at birth. All infants below a threshold undergo serial ophthalmologic examinations for identification of those who would benefit from treatment (approximately 10%). We hypothesized that factoring in postnatal weight gain could identify children at risk for sight-threatening retinopathy of prematurity more specifically and earlier. METHODS: Weekly weights from birth to postmenstrual week 36 were retrospectively entered into a surveillance system that gave an alarm when the rate of weight gain decreased to a certain level. For all children (N = 354) screened and/or treated for retinopathy of prematurity at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 2004-2007, weekly weights were recorded. One child was excluded because of known nonphysiologic weight gain (hydrocephalus). RESULTS: For 127 (36%) of 353 children, no alarm was given; for 40%, alarm at low risk was given after postmenstrual week 32. None of those children developed retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment. Of the remaining 24% of children who received alarm at high or low risk before 32 postmenstrual weeks, 41% developed proliferative retinopathy of prematurity and 29% were treated because of sight-threatening disease. The median time from alarm to treatment was 9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The weight, insulin-like growth factor, neonatal retinopathy of prematurity algorithm detected early 100% of infants who developed retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment and correctly predicted the majority who did not require treatment. With this simple postnatal evaluation, costly stressful eye examinations can be markedly reduced (approximately 75% of infants). In addition, early identification of children at risk may lead to the initiation of interventions and possibly prevent sight-threatening retinopathy of prematurity.
|
|
| 8. |
- Löfqvist, Chatarina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal Postnatal Weight and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Measurements in the Prediction of Retinopathy of Prematurity
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Arch Ophthalmol. - : American Medical Association (AMA). ; 124:12, s. 1711-1718
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether postnatal growth and development influence retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and may be included in screening for ROP. Design We developed an algorithm to predict for individual infants the risk of later ROP development requiring treatment based on the postnatal longitudinal systemic factors of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) level, IGF binding protein 3 level, and postnatal weight gain. We developed the algorithm based on 79 preterm infants considered at risk for ROP by standard criteria (gestational age, 23.6-31.7 weeks) in a longitudinal study measuring weight gain and serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3 levels weekly from birth until discharge from the hospital. We monitored deviations from reference models for weight and IGF-I level (preterm children who developed no or minimal ROP) to detect indications for treatable ROP by Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity study criteria. Results This monitoring method detected 6 (100%) of 6 infants in this cohort who required treatment for ROP with a warning signal at least 5 weeks before requiring treatment and at least 3 weeks before the onset of stage 3 ROP. The majority of infants (61/73 infants) requiring no treatment were also correctly identified. Conclusions Monitoring the postnatal factors of weight, IGF-I level, and IGF binding protein 3 level substantially enhances the clinician's ability to identify patients who will require treatment for ROP.
|
|
| 9. |
- Najm, Svetlana, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a lipid emulsion containing fish oil on polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles, growth and morbidities in extremely premature infants: A randomized controlled trial
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 20, s. 17-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Authors Background & aims The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the parenteral emulsion SMOFlipid ® , with 15% fish oil, with Clinoleic ® on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other morbidities and growth, and to compare their impact on longitudinal serum levels of fatty acids. Retinopathy of prematurity, other morbidity and growth were correlated with each parenteral lipid supplement. Methods Ninety infants born at gestational age < 28 weeks were randomized to treatment with SMOFlipid ® or Clinoleic ® . Two thirds (66%) of the infants received parenteral nutrition for up to 14 days birth (median 8, range 2–14 days), and additional 25% of the infants received for up to 28 days after birth (median 21, range 15–28 days). Cord blood samples and then venous blood samples were obtained at ages 1, 7, 14, and 28 days and at postmenstrual age (PMA) 32, 36, and 40 weeks. Breastmilk was collected at postnatal day 7, and at PMA 32 and 40 weeks. Serum phospholipid and breastmilk total fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Treatment groups were compared with regard to ROP, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus sepsis and growth between birth and 36 weeks. Results Infants on SMOFlipid ® had higher fractions of omega-3 LCPUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and slightly higher omega-3 LCPUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fraction and a decreased arachidonic acid (AA) to DHA ratio from one week after birth up to 32 postmenstrual weeks compared to infants on Clinoleic ® . Treatment groups did not differ in morbidities or growth. Conclusion Supplementation with SMOFlipid ® containing 15% fish oil during parenteral nutrition increased EPA substantially, DHA marginally, reduced AA and decreased AA to DHA ratio. It did not reduce morbidity or affect growth. Since extremely preterm infants accumulate a large deficit of DHA and AA, studies on more prolonged or different levels of DHA and AA supplementation are warranted.
|
|
| 10. |
- Raffa, Lina H., et al.
(författare)
-
Ocular dimensions in relation to auxological data in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 92:7, s. 682-688
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose was to characterize normal growth patterns of ocular and optical components and to relate them to auxological data in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15years. MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 143 Swedish children with a mean age of 9.8years. Variables including gestational age (GA), weight, length and head circumference (HCF) at birth and at the time of assessment were registered. Visual acuity (VA), cycloplegic refraction and biometric measures were obtained. Palpebral fissure length and inner canthal distance were measured. Optic disc morphology as seen on fundus photographs was analysed. ResultsChildren born more mature, with male predilection, were found to have deeper anterior and vitreous chamber depths, longer axial lengths and thinner crystalline lens thickness. No correlations were found between ocular biometric measurements and VA or refraction after adjustment for confounding variables. Inner canthal distance was significantly correlated with birth length (p=0.03), height, weight, BMI and HCF (p=0.0008, p=0.0007, p=0.037, and p=0.04, respectively) at time of assessment. Total axial length was found to be significantly correlated with GA (p=0.0226) and length at assessment in girls (p=0.0084). Right optic disc and rim areas decreased with increasing age (p=0.0078 and p=0.0107, respectively); however, optic disc parameters were not dependent on any other variable. ConclusionThese normative values may serve as a basis for the ocular findings and their relationship to auxological data in Caucasian children aged 4-15years, as well as for future comparison in patients with paediatric ocular pathologies.
|
|
