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| 2. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Samhällsekonomiska aspekter på svensk livsmedelsberedskap – ett nationellt och regionalt perspektiv
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie är att beräkna ekonomiska effekter av minskad import av insatsvaror till jordbruket och av livsmedel till konsumenterna, och av störningar i transporter mellan olika regioner i Sverige. En minskad import av någon vara medför effekter på och anpassningar av en aktör som sedan sprids vidare till andra sektorer. Kostnader beräknas för producenters och konsumenters anpassningar till ändrade betingelser samtidigt som krav ställs på en viss miniminivå på medborgarnas näringsintag. Beräkningar sker med en partiell jämviktsmodell av det svenska livsmedelsystemet (SASM) som inkluderar tre olika aktörer; jordbrukare, förädlingsled och konsumenter. Den deskriptiva analysen pekar på en stark koncentration särskilt av förädlingsindustrin till södra Sverige, vilket innebär en sårbarhet för de nordliga regionerna. En systematisk analys av kostnader för en halverad import av olika insatsvaror till primärproduktionen, livsmedel för konsumtion och transportkapacitet inom landet pekar på att kravet på näringsintag kan upprätthållas i olika delar av landet. Kostnaden av anpassning i form av minskad produktion och konsumtion kan dock bli hög och uppgå till 101 miljarder kronor per år när samtliga störningar i handel sker samtidigt. Skillnaderna i kostnader mellan norra och södra Sverige är dock stora där kostnaden per invånare kan bli dubbelt så hög i norra Sverige som i södra.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Wild boars and farming in Sweden : an assessment of the costs
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wild boar is among the most wide spread mammal in the world and is known to cause serious damages for farmers in terms of crop losses and impacts on farm infrastructure. This study estimate farmers’ cost of wild boar in Sweden, and how it is determined by land scape diversity, proxies for wild boar population, land ownership, feeding and protective measures by the farmer. Data are obtained from a survey of 3200 farmers, and the results indicate an average annual cost of SEK 28843/farm or SEK 305/ha, of which 62% arises from crop losses and 28% from adjustment and protection costs. However, 60% of the farmers reported no damage cost, and we therefore examined the determinants of the probability of damage cost and, when it occurs, the size. It was found that proxies of wild boar abundance and land scape diversity have significant and positive impact on the likelihood and magnitude of costs. Diversity in the landscape gives access to hiding opportunities for the pigs when searching for food in the agricultural fields. Share of area with forage, rented land, arable land, and protective measures all showed significant and positive effects on the size of the damage cost.
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| 4. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative resilience of US and EU meat processing to the Covid19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food Policy. - 0306-9192 .- 1873-5657. ; 119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the similarities in the drop and recovery patterns of US and EU meat production during the Covid19 pandemic, the literature in the two continents assessed their respective meat processing industries' resilience differently - resilient in the EU and non-resilient in the US but offered no resilience metrics in support of their assessments. We cast the differing transatlantic views in the context of the economic resilience literature and operationalize several metrics for cattle, pig, and chicken slaughter. We find the US less resilient than the EU in cattle and pig slaughter. Resilience in chicken slaughter depends on which metric is used. We discuss
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| 5. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Cost of wild boar to farmers in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Review of Agricultural Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0165-1587 .- 1464-3618. ; 47, s. 226-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wild boar are widespread mammals in the world that can cause serious economic damage to farmers. Using data from a survey of farmers in Sweden, this study provides estimates of the cost of wild boar (crop loss, machinery damage, protection) to farmers in Sweden. The results indicate that 39 per cent of respondents had experienced at least one of the three types of costs and that they report a wide range of damage values. Regression results from an instrumental variable Tobit model showed that costs are significantly increasing in wild boar abundance and landscape diversity, and decreasing in the share of grain production.
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| 6. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Food security and the value of game animals-a study of Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The food security value of wild meat is calculated by combining proxy methods for quantifying game animal abundance with shadow pricing techniques for assessing the unit values of food security. This study calculated the food security values of moose, roe deer, wild boar, and fallow deer for Sweden overall and for individual counties. The results showed that meat from these animal populations accounts for approximately 9% of meat consumption in Sweden and for 1.2% of the minimum energy food consumption during periods of crisis for the whole of Sweden, while in some counties it can be as much as 8%. The calculated unit value, or shadow price, of the minimum energy requirement ranged between euro 0.1 and euro 4.2/mcal, depending on the magnitude of the crisis scenario. At most, the total food security value of actual animal population sizes amounted to 0.50 billion euros, but this was unevenly distributed, with high values in counties that have an abundance of moose and wild boar.
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| 7. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Livsmedelstrygghet och viltets värde - en studie av vilt i Sverige
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Viltköttets värde för att trygga en önskvärd nivå på livsmedelsförsörjningen i en krissituation beräknas genom att kombinera populationsmodeller med skuggprissättningstekniker. Det marginella värdet, eller skuggpriset, av att uppnå en viss försörjningsnivå givet en krissituation skattas via en partiell jämviktsmodell. Studien beräknar värden för älg, rådjur, vildsvin, dovhjort och ren totalt för Sverige och för olika län. Resultaten visar att kött från dessa djurslag kan stå för cirka 10 % av köttkonsumtionen i Sverige, och för 1 % av den lägsta energikonsumtionen hänförligt till samtliga livsmedel i kristider för hela Sverige men kan uppgå till ca 8 % för vissa län. Skuggpriset på vilt vid minimienergibehovet varierar mellan 0,001 och 0,044 kr/kcal (1 och 89 kr/kg slaktvikt) beroende på krisscenario. Som mest uppgår det totala värdet vid aktuella populationer till 5,2 miljarder kr. Värdet varierar stort mellan olika län beroende på storleken på, främst, älg- och vildsvinstammar.
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| 8. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Using traffic data to estimate wildlife populations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Bioeconomics. - : Springer. - 1387-6996 .- 1573-6989. ; 18:1, s. 17-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildlife populations are threatened worldwide by, among others, habitat fragmentation and hunting pressure. An important impediment for the large scale, national and regional, management of the populations is the difficulty to quantify population dynamics. The purpose of this study is to present a tool for such estimations which is based on available data in several countries; traffic load and traffic accidents with wildlife. An econometric model is developed, which accounts for landscape characteristics. It is applied to wild boar in Sweden, for which data on traffic load and accidents for different counties and years are available. Landscape characteristics are introduced with direct or indirect effects on population growth. The indirect landscape model gives the best statistical performance, and the results show relatively small differences in calculated intrinsic growth rate among counties but considerable differences in predicted population developments.
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| 9. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Violation of environmental regulations as a disinvestment in social capital
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper developed a simple dynamic model in order to analyse the impact of social capital on violation of environmental regulations. Two main channels of influence were identified; through informal enforcement of regulations and through effects on costs from disinvestment in social capital caused by violation. The model was tested using survey data on enforcement and violation of command and control regulations at municipalities and counties in Sweden. Four different measures on the social capital variable were used; general trust, trust in local and national governments, and organizational activity. Count data models were used for estimating the explanatory power of these variables in relation to inspection frequency and control variables of community characteristics. Statistically best results were obtained for organizational activity for all firm categories. The results showed that both the level of this social capital measure and its growth over time curb violation.
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| 10. |
- Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Costs of traffic accidents with wild boar populations in Sweden
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traffic accidents with wild boar have increased rapidly over the last years in Sweden. This paper calculates and predicts costs of current and future accidents, totally and for different Swedish counties, based on estimates of wild boar populations. A logistic population model is assumed, and econometric methods are used for calculating populations with panel data on traffic accidents, traffic load, and landscape characteristics for each county. The results show an average growth rate of 0.48, which varies between 0.39 and 0.52for different counties. This, together with predictions on changes in traffic load, forms the basis for calculations of costs of traffic accidents for a 10 year period. In total, the predicted costs can increase from 60 million SEK in 2011 to 135 or 340 million SEK in 2021 in present value depending on hunting pressure. The variation in cost increases is, however, large among counties, increasing by tenfold in Stockholm and Södermanland where the wild boar populations are relatively small and by approximately 50% in counties with mature populations.
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