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- Gustafsson, Tommy, 1969-
(författare)
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En fiende till civilisationen : manlighet, genusrelationer, sexualitet och rasstereotyper i svensk filmkultur under 1920-talet
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The setting for this study is Swedish film culture of the 1920s, which has been studied with a focus on representations of masculinity and gender relations according to four themes: 1) children and youth 2) fatherhood and love 3) sexuality and popularity 4) ethnicity and racial stereotyping. The rise of new consumer culture in the first decades of the 20th century created turmoil between traditional and modern values, not least when it came to conceptions of gender. Studies on masculinity have often directed its efforts towards writing a history of ideals, bound by the concept of hegemonic masculinity; a concept that exclude women as insignificant for the social construction of masculinity. One ambition with this thesis has been to counter the long-lasting concept of hegemonic masculinity, and in the process, try to build a bridge between men and women studies. One other ambition has been question the canonisation of the “Golden Age” of Swedish silent filmmaking by introducing the concept of “the pluralism of film”, and by using a vast material including: Swedish feature films, reviews, articles from fan magazines and trade paper, screen plays, censorship cards, official reports, etc; thereby circumventing the concept of film as “art” in order to focus on film as representation in a more reliably way. One conclusion is the revelation of the diversity that surrounds social constructions of masculinity and gender relations in both film culture and society. In addition, Swedish film of the 20s hardly contained any male characters that upheld the hegemonic ideal, giving way to a more prominent presence of strong female characters, often in the shape of the New Woman. Women did as well have a great influence on the formation of masculinity. However, a notion of a Swedish normative masculinity became visible when contrasted with numerous racial stereotypes, such as malicious representations of Black people and Travellers. The emphasis on gender relations, rather than on ideals, has also contributed to a wider understanding of gender, where criteria such as generation, class, ethnicity and sexuality ought to be included. When it comes to the canonisation of the “Golden Age”, a strong notion exists about the integrated use of nature in film narratives as being a Swedish national trait, when in fact this could be linked only to a few films. If one would point out a trait that permeates Swedish film of the 1920s, it would not be the use of nature, but instead the flagrant racism and xenophobia.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Irene
(författare)
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Kvinnor mot krig : aktioner och nätverk för fred 1914–1940
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to investigate how and why women established peace actions during World War I and the period between the wars. I have examined how women were mobilized, how the actions were carried out, what kind of opposition was awakened, and what happened afterwards. My startingpoint is collective actions based on individual standpoints and temporary mobilizations. Organizations are included only as recruiting networks for mobilizations. The following actions are included in the study: Women´s Peace Sunday (1915), which gathered about 88,000 women to meetings in 343 locations across Sweden; Women´s unarmed revolt against war (1935), where approximately 20,000 women participated in protests against a possible chemical war and a system of war that needed a civil defence at all; and lastly, the new action plans in 1937 and 1938 in connection with civil defence laws and the rallies in 1939 and 1940 at the outbreak of World War II. As policies of peace, these actions were not unique for their times. The manner in which they were formulated was not special, but their content was. The mobilizing message, which can be described as feministic anti-militarism, was based on the civil rights of women, the political and military isolation of women, mother´s right to say no to violence, and the support of an international female public opinion.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Irene
(författare)
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'Women's Unarmed Uprising Against War': A Swedish peace protest in 1935
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1460-3578 .- 0022-3433. ; 40:4, s. 395-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the summer of 1935, approximately 20,000 Swedish women mobilized in a peaceful action the Women's Unarmed Uprising Against War. The manifestation was a protest against rearmament and, in particular, against a militarization of everyday life that might result from a civil defense buildup. Thus, in a spirit of solidarity women were encouraged to refuse to use gas masks or evacuate into cellars and air-raid shelters in the event of an air raid. Only then would men realize their responsibility, lay down their weapons, and solve the conflict at the negotiating table. The action was connected to a radical pacifistic tradition in which male conscientious objectors, among others, and the example of Gandhi were prominent. Liberal and Social Democrat women and members of the Swedish section of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) carried out the action. The action was formulated in such a manner that women across the country were asked to vote for those who could serve in a women's parliament. The goal was to create an international uprising among women by influencing the League of Nations' delegates and the women's organizations in Geneva. In the same year, the central body of WILPF had decided to support an international peace plan, the People's Mandate to End War. The mandate's aim was to present demands for disarmament to governments in different countries. This article examines why the Swedish women assumed a more radical position than that stated in the people's mandate; what kinds of peace efforts in Sweden made such a radical, pacifistic women's action possible; and what went on when the initiators attempted to influence WILPF, on an international level, into incorporating the radical protest into the people's mandate campaign.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Åsa, 1967-
(författare)
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Nyktra kvinnor : Folkbildare, företagare och politiska aktörer. Vita Bandet 1900-1930
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the female Christian temperance union the White Ribbon is in focus. The White Ribbon was founded in Stockholm in 1900 and it was part of the international organization World’s Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WWCTU). The organization’s ambition was to create a temperate and moral society, running a variety of philanthropic institutions and adult education, as well as non-alcohol serving restaurants.The aim of the thesis is to study the White Ribbon’s social and political commitment and its ideological approach during the first three decades of the 20th century. The White Ribboners’ ideological approach and culture are problematized in relation to the prevailing and predominant view on women. The organization’s monthly journal has been closely studied and the ideas and practical social and political commitment have been analyzed in a theoretical perspective of social movement theory, according to the Swedish sociologist Håkan Thörn’s methodological framework. This theoretical approach is an instrument to analyze what the White Ribbon identified to be social problems; what was considered to be the reasons for these problems; and what strategy the organization regarded to be the best way to deal with them in order to reach the prognosticated change.The analysis shows that the White Ribbon identified the predominant gender system and the bourgeois view on women as a primary social problem. The organization’s strategy was to eliminate the patriarchal order of the gender system and to change the attitude of people through adult education, information and persuasion. The White Ribbon participated in public debate pursuing temperance and women’s suffrage, and was a lobbyist proposing motions and demanding legislative reforms. The White Ribbon’s ideological approach, as well as their philanthropic activities emanated from a bourgeois ideal of conscientiousness and cultivation, and from an interest in social politics. This was in contrast to the bourgeois view of what the ideal woman should do. From the White Ribboners’ point of view, society could only prosper when women had the same rights as men, and could participate the public sphere and become involved in politics.The study shows that the organization worked hard for equality and democracy, pursuing a feminist and liberal ideology. The White Ribboners regarded themselves, and also acted, as political agents. They introduced and increased women’s possibilities for adult education. They initiated and provided social protection for alcohol addicted women, and for poor and fallen women and girls. These activities must be seen as forms of enterprises and the White Ribboners as entrepreneurs, since these institutions were, in fact, innovations and models for solving problems in order to build a welfare system and to create a temperate and prosperous society. The thesis put forward arguments that the White Ribbon’s social and political work are political innovations and important elements in the process of democratization and, therefore, played an important part in this process.
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| 8. |
- Formark, Bodil, 1976-
(författare)
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Den välsituerade flickan : Om den svenska flickscoutrörelsens historia 1910-1940
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Well-Situated Girl is the first academic study of the history of Swedish Girl Scouting. Through a qualitative and interpretive method, which has its methodological home in the hermeneutic tradition, and with theoretical inspiration from Simone de Beauvoir’s work The Second Sex the aim of the thesis is to conceptualize Girl Scouting as girls’ and women’s history. The thesis analyzes the emergence of scouting for girls, the establishment of Girl Scouting in Sweden during the years prior to World War I and the specific kind of vision, version and process of girlhood and womanhood that the movement enabled and encouraged during the interwar period. Particular focus is put both on the movement’s textual construction and representations of the Girl Scout and Girl Scouting as a lived experience. Furthermore, how the intertwined character of the textual and scouting as a lived experience facilitated a new way for girls to conceive, embody their girlhood and live as girls.Through a thematic analysis of five different aspects of the movement – phenomenon, organization, activity, identity and culture - the thesis concludes that Girl Scouting created a space where girls and women could meet in an intergenerational, international and work-oriented context which suggested and created an opportunity for girls to move from a historically constructed object position to a partially self-constructed subject position.
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Identitet i en föränderlig värld : Sju nya historieskrivningar
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antologin visar nyansrikedomen inom det ämne som i vid mening kallas historia. Avståndet mellan texterna kan tyckas vara stort, då det rör sig om skildringar av hur vikingar gestaltas på museum, den svenska adelns förändrade identitet under 1800-talet, hur unga flyktingar i Sverige idag formulerar sin historiska självförståelse i sociala medier och analys av socialdemokraters memoarer som historieskrivning. Vidare berörs materialförvaltares professionalisering inom elitishockey, kulturarv och reggaeturism i Jamaica samt volontärorganisationers förändring till politiska rörelser i flyktingmottagandet 2015. Det gemensamma temat för antologin är frågor om hur individer eller kollektiv formar sin identitet i relation till de temporala sammanhang som de skriver in sig själva i.
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