| 1. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Energinyckeltal och växthusgasutsläpp baserade på industrins energianvändande processer
- 2021
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Svensk industri bör strategiskt arbeta mot ökad energi- och resurseffektivitet på en global marknad med knappare resurser. I detta sammanhang spelar beslutsunderlag och nyckeltal en central roll för att nå ökad effektivitet. Även för tillsynsmyndigheter är rättvisande nyckeltal avseende slutenergianvändning av mycket stor vikt för att kunna bedriva ett rättvist förebyggande och proaktivt arbete med svenska företag. De nyckeltal som finns på internationell och nationell nivå är baserade på tillförd energi och ofta relaterade till en ekonomisk output, till exempel förädlingsvärde. Det saknas emellertid nyckeltal kring slutenergianvändningen inom svensk industri fördelat på energibärare såsom el och olja och fördelat på slutenergiprocesser såsom ugnar, tryckluftskompressorer, etc. De siffror som ibland anges är baserade på grova uppskattningar. Projektets mål har därför varit att generera ett processträd avseende flera av de största, till slutenergianvändning räknat, svenska industribranscherna avseende hur slutenergianvändningen är fördelad på processnivå och olika energibärare, samt att allokera växthusgasutsläpp på dessa olika processer. Resultaten indikerar att nyckeltal baserade på energianvändning och indirekta växthusgasutsläpp på processnivå kan bidra till bättre kunskap om i vilka industriella energianvändande processer den största potentialen för energieffektivisering och minskning av växthusgasutsläpp finns. För att upprätthålla kunskap om var den största potentialen för förbättring finns krävs att energidata regelbundet samlas in efter en standardiserad kategorisering av energianvändande processer. Även om projektet har avgränsats till svensk industri kan resultatet vara till nytta också för andra medlemsstater inom EU liksom globalt.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Anna-Maria, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Autophagy induction targeting mTORC1 enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication in HIV co-infected human macrophages
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 6:28171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To survive and replicate in macrophages Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has developed strategies to subvert host defence mechanisms, including autophagy. Autophagy induction has the potential to clear Mtb, but little is known about its effect during controlled tuberculosis and HIV co-infection. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) inhibitors were used to induce autophagy in human macrophages pre-infected with HIV-1(BaL) and infected with a low dose of Mtb (co-infected), or single Mtb infected (single infected). The controlled Mtb infection was disrupted upon mTOR inhibition resulting in increased Mtb replication in a dose-dependent manner which was more pronounced during co-infection. The increased Mtb replication could be explained by the marked reduction in phagosome acidification upon mTOR inhibition. Autophagy stimulation targeting mTORC1 clearly induced a basal autophagy with flux that was unlinked to the subcellular environment of the Mtb vacuoles, which showed a concurrent suppression in acidification and maturation/flux. Overall our findings indicate that mTOR inhibition during Mtb or HIV/Mtb co-infection interferes with phagosomal maturation, thereby supporting mycobacterial growth during low-dose and controlled infection. Therefore pharmacological induction of autophagy through targeting of the canonical mTORC1-pathway should be handled with caution during controlled tuberculosis, since this could have serious consequences for patients with HIV/Mtb co-infection.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of indeterminate pulmonary nodules detected with CT in a Swedish population-based study (SCAPIS) : Psychosocial consequences and impact on health-related quality of life - A multicentre prospective cross-sectional study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate whether surveillance of pulmonary nodules detected with low-dose CT (LDCT) impacted health-related quality of life and psychosocial consequences in the Swedish population-based study, Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).Design: A prospective cross-sectional study.Settings and participants: This multicentre (five sites) observational study, which included a cohort from SCAPIS, consisted of 632 participants with indeterminate pulmonary nodules detected with LDCT. These participants continued surveillance for up to 36 months, during which lung cancer was not detected (surveillance group). Additionally, 972 participants with a negative pulmonary LDCT scan were included as a control group. Matching criteria were LDCT date (±2 weeks), gender and site.Outcome measures: All participants completed a health-related quality of life questionnaire (RAND-36) and the Consequences of Screening (COS) questionnaire, an average of 3 years after LDCT was conducted at entry into SCAPIS.Results: Participants were 51-70 years old at study commencement. Overall, the two groups did not differ in demographic or psychosocial variables, smoking habits or pulmonary medical history. Individuals from countries other than Sweden and those with low socioeconomic status were less likely to participate (p<0.001). No effects on health-related quality of life were observed via RAND-36. In COS, the surveillance group demonstrated a higher OR for anxiety about lung cancer (OR 3.96, 95% CI 2.35 to 6.66, p<0.001), experiencing a sense of dejection (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.72, p=0.015) and thoughts about existential values (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.60, p=0.018).Conclusions: Lung surveillance with LDCT contributed to significant experiences of sense of dejection, anxiety about lung cancer and development of thoughts about existential values among participants in the surveillance group compared with the controls. The risk of side effects should be communicated for informed decision-making about (non-)attendance in lung cancer screening.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Apoptotic neutrophils augment the inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human macrophages
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrophages in the lung are the primary cells being infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during the initial manifestation of tuberculosis. Since the adaptive immune response to Mtb is delayed, innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils mount the early immune protection against this intracellular pathogen. Neutrophils are short-lived cells and removal of apoptotic cells by resident macrophages is a key event in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Since anti-inflammatory activity is not compatible with effective immunity to intracellular pathogens, we therefore investigated how uptake of apoptotic neutrophils modulates the function of Mtb-activated human macrophages. We show that Mtb infection exerts a potent proinflammatory activation of human macrophages with enhanced gene activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines and that this response was augmented by apoptotic neutrophils. The enhanced macrophage response is linked to apoptotic neutrophil-driven activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β signalling. We also demonstrate that apoptotic neutrophils not only modulate the inflammatory response, but also enhance the capacity of infected macrophages to control intracellular growth of virulent Mtb. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for apoptotic neutrophils in the modulation of the macrophage-dependent inflammatory response contributing to the early control of Mtb infection.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Maria L.E., et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies to Disease-Related Proteins in Joints as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 75:7, s. 1110-1119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. This study was undertaken to develop and characterize a multiplex immunoassay for detection of autoantibodies against peptides derived from proteins known to play a role in development of arthritis and that are also expressed in joints.Methods. We selected peptides from the human counterpart of proteins expressed in the joints, based on mouse models that showed these to be targeted by pathogenic or regulatory antibodies in vivo. Using bead-based flow immunoassays measuring IgG antibodies, we selected triple helical or cyclic peptides, containing the epitopes, to avoid collinear reactivity. We characterized the analytical performance of the immunoassay and then validated it in 3 independent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts (n = 2,110), Swedish age- and sex-matched healthy controls, and patients with osteoarthritis (OA), patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Results. Screening assays showed 5 peptide antigens that discriminated RA patients from healthy controls with 99% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI] 98-100%). In our validation studies, we reproduced the discriminatory capacity of the autoantibodies in 2 other RA cohorts, showing that the autoantibodies had high discriminatory capacity for RA versus OA, PsA, and SLE. The novel biomarkers identified 22.5% (95% CI 19-26%) of early RA patients seronegative for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor. The usefulness of the biomarkers in identifying seronegative RA patients was confirmed in validation studies using 2 independent cohorts of RA patients and cohorts of patients with OA, PsA, and SLE.Conclusion. A multiplex immunoassay with peptides from disease-related proteins in joints was found to be useful for detection of specific autoantibodies in RA serum. Of note, this immunoassay had high discriminatory capacity for early seronegative RA.
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| 6. |
- DeAngelis, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy
- 2021
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Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : BMC. - 1749-7922. ; 16:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bile duct injury (BDI) is a dangerous complication of cholecystectomy, with significant postoperative sequelae for the patient in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality of life. BDIs have an estimated incidence of 0.4-1.5%, but considering the number of cholecystectomies performed worldwide, mostly by laparoscopy, surgeons must be prepared to manage this surgical challenge. Most BDIs are recognized either during the procedure or in the immediate postoperative period. However, some BDIs may be discovered later during the postoperative period, and this may translate to delayed or inappropriate treatments. Providing a specific diagnosis and a precise description of the BDI will expedite the decision-making process and increase the chance of treatment success. Subsequently, the choice and timing of the appropriate reconstructive strategy have a critical role in long-term prognosis. Currently, a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary interventions with different degrees of invasiveness is indicated for BDI management. These World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines have been produced following an exhaustive review of the current literature and an international expert panel discussion with the aim of providing evidence-based recommendations to facilitate and standardize the detection and management of BDIs during cholecystectomy. In particular, the 2020 WSES guidelines cover the following key aspects: (1) strategies to minimize the risk of BDI during cholecystectomy; (2) BDI rates in general surgery units and review of surgical practice; (3) how to classify, stage, and report BDI once detected; (4) how to manage an intraoperatively detected BDI; (5) indications for antibiotic treatment; (6) indications for clinical, biochemical, and imaging investigations for suspected BDI; and (7) how to manage a postoperatively detected BDI.
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| 7. |
- Doukani, Asmae, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the Working Alliance in Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Treatment as Usual for Depression in Europe: Secondary Data Analysis of the E-COMPARED Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. - 1438-8871. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing interest has centered on the psychotherapeutic working alliance as a means of understanding clinical change in digital mental health interventions in recent years. However, little is understood about how and to what extent a digital mental health program can have an impact on the working alliance and clinical outcomes in a blended (therapist plus digital program) cognitive behavioral therapy (bCBT) intervention for depression. Objective: This study aimed to test the difference in working alliance scores between bCBT and treatment as usual (TAU), examine the association between working alliance and depression severity scores in both arms, and test for an interaction between system usability and working alliance with regard to the association between working alliance and depression scores in bCBT at 3 -month assessments. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the E -COMPARED (European Comparative Effectiveness Research on Blended Depression Treatment versus Treatment -as -usual) trial, which compared bCBT with TAU across 9 European countries. Data were collected in primary care and specialized services between April 2015 and December 2017. Eligible participants aged 18 years or older and diagnosed with major depressive disorder were randomized to either bCBT (n=476) or TAU (n=467). bCBT consisted of 6-20 sessions of bCBT (involving face-to-face sessions with a therapist and an internet-based program). TAU consisted of usual care for depression. The main outcomes were scores of the working alliance (Working Alliance Inventory -Short Revised-Client [WAI-SR-C]) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire -9 [PHQ-9]) at 3 months after randomization. Other variables included system usability scores (System Usability Scale -Client [SUS -C]) at 3 months and baseline demographic information. Data from baseline and 3 -month assessments were analyzed using linear regression models that adjusted for a set of baseline variables. Results: Of the 945 included participants, 644 (68.2%) were female, and the mean age was 38.96 years (IQR 38). bCBT was associated with higher composite WAI-SR-C scores compared to TAU ( B =5.67, 95% CI 4.48-6.86). There was an inverse association between WAI-SR-C and PHQ-9 in bCBT ( B =-0.12, 95% CI -0.17 to -0.06) and TAU ( B =-0.06, 95% CI -0.11 to -0.02), in which as WAI-SR-C scores increased, PHQ-9 scores decreased. Finally, there was a significant interaction between SUS -C and WAI-SR-C with regard to an inverse association between higher WAI-SR-C scores and lower PHQ-9 scores in bCBT ( b =-0.030, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01; P =.005). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that bCBT may enhance the client working alliance when compared to evidence -based routine care for depression that services reported offering. The working alliance in bCBT was also associated with clinical improvements that appear to be enhanced by good program usability. Our findings add further weight to the view that the addition of internet-delivered CBT to face-to-face CBT may positively augment experiences of the working alliance.
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| 8. |
- Furmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder : randomised controlled trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 195:5, s. 440-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Internet-delivered self-help programmes with added guidance have shown efficacy in social anxiety disorder, unguided self-help has been insufficiently studied. Aims To evaluate the efficacy of guided and unguided self-help social anxiety disorder. Method Participants followed a cognitive-behavioural self-help programme in the form of either pure bibliotherapy or an internet-based treatment with therapist guidance and online group discussions. A subsequent trial was conducted to evaluate treatment specificity. Participants (n=235) were randomised to one of three conditions in the first trial, or one of four conditions in the second. Results Pure bibliotherapy and the internet-based treatment were better than waiting list on measures of social anxiety, general anxiety, depression and quality of life. The internet-based therapy had the highest effect sizes, but directly comparable effects were noted for bibliotherapy augmented with online group discussions. Gains were well maintained a year later. Conclusions Unguided self-help through bibliotherapy can produce enduring improvement for individuals with social anxiety disorder.
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| 9. |
- Gomez-Pinilla, Pedro J., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of melatonin on age associated changes in guinea pig bladder function
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 177:4, s. 1558-1561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The incidence of urinary incontinence increases with age but the cause and effect relationship between aging and altered bladder function is poorly understood. It was suggested that melatonin can ameliorate negative effects induced by aging by its free radical scavenging activity and its ability to decrease oxidative stress. We investigated the changes in bladder function evoked by aging and the possible benefits of melatonin treatment on age related bladder disturbances. Materials and Methods: Bladder function was assessed using cystometry in conscious, freely moving female guinea pigs. Animals were grouped according to age as young adults (4 months old) and senescents (18 to 20 months old). A group of senescent animals were treated with 2.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) melatonin for 21 days. Results: Aging led to increased detrusor activity, as demonstrated by short micturition intervals, decreased bladder capacity and spontaneous contractions during the filling phase. During the voiding phase aged animals showed lower micturition pressures than young adults. Melatonin counteracted the cystometric changes in senescent animals and restored micturition parameters to those of young adults. Conclusions: These results show that in guinea pigs aging induces detrusor overactivity. Melatonin treatment improved age induced changes in bladder function. If similar effects can be demonstrated in humans, melatonin treatment may be a new approach to decrease the impact of age related bladder disorders.
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| 10. |
- Gomez-Pinilla, Pedro J, et al.
(författare)
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Melatonin restores impaired contractility in aged guinea pig urinary bladder
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Pineal Research. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1600-079X .- 0742-3098. ; 44:4, s. 416-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary bladder disturbances are frequent in the elderly population but the responsible mechanisms are poorly understood. This study evaluates the effects of aging on detrusor myogenic contractile responses and the impact of melatonin treatment. The contractility of bladder strips from adult, aged and melatonin-treated guinea pigs was evaluated by isometric tension recordings. Cytoplasmatic calcium concentration ([Ca2+](i)) was estimated by epifluorescence microscopy of fura-2-loaded isolated detrusor smooth muscle cells, and the levels of protein expression and phosphorylation were quantitated by Western blotting. Aging impairs the contractile response of detrusor strips to cholinergic and purinergic agonists and to membrane depolarization. The impaired contractility correlates with increased [Ca2+](i) in response to the stimuli, suggesting a reduced Ca(2+)sensitivity. Indeed, the agonist-induced contractions in adult strips were sensitive to blockade with Y27362, an inhibitor of Rho kinase (ROCK) and GF109203X, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), but these inhibitors had negligible effects in aged strips. The reduced Ca2+ sensitivity in aged tissues correlated with lower levels of RhoA, ROCK, PKC and the two effectors CPI-17 and MYPT1, and with the absence of CPI-17 and MYPT1 phosphorylation in response to agonists. Interestingly, melatonin treatment restored impaired contractility via normalization of Ca2+ handling and Ca2+ sensitizations pathways. Moreover, the indoleamine restored age-induced changes in oxidative stress and mitochondrial polarity. These results suggest that melatonin might be a novel therapeutic tool to palliate aging-related urinary bladder contractile impairment.
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