| 1. |
- Fallqvist, Mikael, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical and tribological properties of PVD-coated cemented carbide as evaluated by a new multi-pass scratch testing method
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Tribology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-5915 .- 1687-5923. ; 2012, s. 305209-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new test method based on multi-pass scratch testing has been developed for evaluating the mechanical and tribological properties of thin, hard coatings. The proposed test method uses a pin-on-disc tribometer and during testing a Rockwell C diamond stylus is used as the “pin” and loaded against the rotating coated sample. The influence of normal load on the number of cycles to coating damage is investigated and the resulting coating damage mechanisms are evaluated by post-test scanning electron microscopy. The present study presents the test method by evaluating the performance of Ti0.86Si0.14N, Ti0.34Al0.66N and (Al0.7Cr0.3)2O3 coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation on cemented carbide inserts. The results show that the test method is quick, simple and reproducible and can preferably be used to obtain relevant data concerning the fatigue, wear, chipping and spalling characteristics of different coating-substrate composites. Also, the small size of the test region (the radius of the circular scratch track can be as small as 0.5 mm) makes it possible to perform tests within small restricted areas. Consequently, the test method can be used as a virtually non-destructive test and e.g. be used to evaluate the fatigue and wear resistance as well as the cohesive and adhesive interfacial strength of coated cemented carbide inserts prior to cutting tests.
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| 2. |
- Fallqvist, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of surface topography on the formation of build-up layers and wear of CVD-Al2O3 coatings
- 2009
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Ingår i: Wear of Materials. - Las Vegas.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last years it has become more and more obvious that the surface topography and surface texture strongly influences the performance of CVD and PVD coated cutting tools. As a result the interest for different types of pre- and post-surface treatments of the substrates and the deposited coatings has increased. In the present study the friction and wear characteristics of CVD a-Al2O3 coated cemented carbide exposed to different post-surface treatments, including grinding, wet and dry micro-blasting and polishing, have been investigated using modified scratch testing and pin-on-disc testing using , AISI 304 stainless steel, AISI A2 tool and steel reinforcing iron as counter materials. The influence of the coating surface topography/texture on the resulting friction characteristics, tendency to build up layer formation and prevailing wear mechanisms were identified by optical profilometry, FEG-SEM and EDX analysis. Based on the results obtained, the potential of pin-on-disc testing in the tribological characterisation of CVD coatings for cutting tool applications is discussed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Frames for choice and market characteristics - a Swedish case study of community mental health services in change
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 5:3, s. 227-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe and analyse structural frames for choice, as well as characteristics of a free-choice market, implemented in community mental health services in Sweden. Day centres were focused. A case study was conducted. Documents were collected and semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-eight agents involved in the implementation process. Content analysis of data showed that users’ freedom of choice was influenced by detailed regulation. Freedom of choice was extended, but it was also substantially reduced. The gain or loss of freedom of choice depended on which aspects of the system were emphasised. Features, which could be interpreted as paternalistic, were once again structurally embedded, despite a system addressing individual freedom of choice. Further, the market did not seem to be adjusted for the average user of community mental health services.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Freedom of choice or cost efficiency? : the implementation of a free-choice market system in community mental health services in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 18:2, s. 129-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study investigates the implementation of a free-choice market system in community mental health services using the example of day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities. It was conducted in a major city that was about to implement a free-choice market system due to a new legislation that made it feasible. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Agents situated in different parts of the organization were interviewed one year before and two years after the free-choice system was launched in 2010. Data showed a top–down political process. A majority of the intentions of the legislation advocated individual autonomy as the market system's main purpose; only one concerned organizational efficiency. Data reflected, however, that financial efficiency dominated the agents' experiences of the implemented system. The twofold market purpose was clearly reflected in the interviews. Front-line staff hoped for improvements mainly for the users, whereas managers mainly focused on the market as a resource allocator.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The implementation of a Free-choice Market System in Swedish Community Mental Health Services by the Example of Day Centres
- 2014
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Ingår i: Jubilee Congress 50 years WASP World Association of Social Psychiatry, London, November 13-15, 2014..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marketization in community mental health services is a new phenomenon and might be the most comprehensive reform in the field since the deinstitutionalisation that occurred during the second half of the twentieth century. Historically, mental health services have been characterized by discipline and paternalistic practices.There has been an absence ofwhat is now, due to the new organizational model based on individual freedom of choice, is to be introduced. The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of a free-choice market system in community mental health services, using the example of day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities. The study was conducted in a major city that was about to implement a free-choice market system due to a new legislation. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Agents situated in different parts of the organization were interviewed one year before and two years after the free-choice system was launched in 2010. Data showed a top-down political process. The policy intentions of the new Act were in focus when studying the relation between policy and practice during the implementation process. A majority of the policy intentions of the new Act advocated individual autonomy as the market system’s main purpose, only one intention concerned organizational efficiency. Interview data reflected, however, that financial efficiency dominated the agents’ experiences of the implemented system. The twofold market purpose was clearly reflected in the interviews. Front-line staff hoped for improvements mainly for the users, when managers mainly focused on the market as a resource allocator.
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| 7. |
- Brorsson, Anna Lena, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A person-centered education for adolescents with type 1 diabetes - a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 20:7, s. 986-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Young people with type 1 diabetes and their parents need to receive person-centred education to be able to manage their diabetes. Guided Self-Determination-Young (GSD-Y) is a person-centred communication and reflection education model that can be used in educational programmes for young people with type 1 diabetes.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether GSD-Y leads to improved glycaemic control, increased self-perceived health and health-related quality of life, fewer diabetes-related family conflicts, and improved self-efficacy in a group-based intervention for adolescents starting continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and their parents.METHODS: This randomized controlled trial included 71 adolescents starting CSII. Participants were followed for twelve months. The intervention group (n=37) attended seven group training sessions over a period of five months, using the GSD-Y model, the control group received standard care. Variables evaluated were HbA1c, self-perceived health, health-related quality of life, family conflicts, self-efficacy, and usage of continuous glucose monitoring.RESULTS: When adjusted for sex and family conflicts, there was a difference in glycaemic control between the groups at twelve months, favouring the intervention group (62 vs. 70 mmol/mol, p=0.009). When analyses were performed on boys and girls separately and adjusted for family conflicts, the only difference detected was for boys after twelve months (p=0.019). The intervention showed no effect on self-perceived health, health-related related quality of life, family conflicts, or self-efficacy.CONCLUSIONS: An intervention with GSD-Y may have an effect on glycaemic control. The content of the GSD-Y groups may serve as a model for person-centred care in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Huang, Pei, et al.
(författare)
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A review of data centers as prosumers in district energy systems : Renewable energy integration and waste heat reuse for district heating
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As large energy prosumers in district energy systems, on the one hand, data centers consume a large amount of electricity to ensure the Information Technologies (IT) facilities, ancillary power supply and cooling systems work properly; on the other hand, data centers produce a large quantity of waste heat due to the high heat dissipation rates of the IT facilities. To date, a systematic review of data centers from the perspective of energy prosumers, which considers both integration of the upstream green energy supply and downstream waste heat reuse, is still lacking. As a result, the potentials for improving data centers’ performances are limited due to a lack of global optimization of the upstream renewable energy integration and downstream waste heat utilization. This study is intended to fill in this gap and provides such a review. In this regard, the advancements in different cooling techniques, integration of renewable energy and advanced controls, waste heat utilization and connections for district heating, real projects, performance metrics and economic, energy and environmental analyses are reviewed. Based on the enormous amount of research on data centers in district energy systems, it has been found that: (1) global controls, which can manage the upstream renewable production, data centers’ operation and waste heat generation and downstream waste heat utilization are still lacking; (2) regional climate studies represent an effective way to find the optimal integration of renewable energy and waste heat recovery technologies for improving the data centers’ energy efficiency; (3) the development of global energy metrics will help to appropriately quantify the data center performances.
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| 9. |
- Stoeggl, Thomas L., et al.
(författare)
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Pacing, Exercise Intensity, and Technique by Performance Level in Long-Distance Cross-Country Skiing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Long-distance cross-country skiing (XCS) has gained increased popularity within the past decades. However, research about long-distance XCS is limited; therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the intensity distribution, technique application, and pacing strategies during long-distance XCS racing. Methods Heart rate (HR) and section skiing speeds of 9 elite (ranked 1-100) and 10 amateur skiers (ranked 101-1,500) during the 90-km Vasaloppet race were collected. In addition, during the first uphill, the first 1,000 skiers were video-recorded to analyze the applied skiing strategy (e.g. grip-waxed skis versus exclusive double poling). Results Mean race intensity was 82% of maximal HR and was not different between performance groups even though elite skiers skied similar to 15% faster than amateurs. There was an interaction effect of section x group with a pronounced decrease in HR in amateurs compared with more even pacing in elite skiers (0.13 vs. 0.04% decrease/km) and skiing at higher percentage in the high-intensity zones in elite compared with amateurs (46 vs. 24%). Ninety-eight percent of the top 100 skiers and 59% of the first 1,000 skiers used exclusively double poling. Conclusion Elite and amateur skiers ski at comparable mean race exercise intensity, but they have clear differences in skiing speed. The difference in the pacing profiles between elite and amateur skiers (more even vs. distinct positive pacing) demonstrate the greater capacity of the former with respect to physiological capacity and highlights that amateurs seem to start too fast according to their capacities. The exclusive application of the double poling technique is no longer a phenomenon of elite skiers but is widely used among the top 1,000 ranked skiers.
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| 10. |
- Sveen, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Scratch adhesion characteristics of PVD TiAlN deposited on high speed steel, cemented carbide and PCBN substrates
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 308:1-2, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern tool materials, ranging from powder metallurgical high speed steel to super hard materials such as polycrystalline cubic boron nitride and diamond, are used as cutting tools in the metal cutting industry. In order to further improve the cutting performance, these tools are frequently coated by thin, hard PVD coatings such as TiN, TiAlN, AlCrO3, etc. In order to develop and design new PVD coatings it is important to characterize the mechanical properties of the coatings and understand the coating/substrate deformation mechanisms in a tribological contact, e.g. metal cutting. For example, it is important to be aware that the mechanical properties of the substrate (tool material) have a significant impact on the practical coating adhesion and the coating failure mechanisms.In the present study scratch testing has been used in order to evaluate to increase the understanding of the mechanical response and potential coating failure modes of cathodic arc evaporated TiAlN deposited on high speed steel, cemented carbide and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride. Post-test characterization of the scratched samples using optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed and the cohesive and adhesive surface failure mechanisms are described and related to the substrate material properties. The results clearly show that, although all substrate materials can be regarded as hard, they result in completely different coating failure mechanisms at the normal load corresponding to substrate exposure. Also, coating failure resulting in substrate exposure does not necessarily correspond to interfacial cracking resulting in adhesive fracture along the coating-substrate interface.
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