| 1. |
- Gration, D., et al.
(författare)
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Resident valuation of planned events: An event portfolio pilot study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Event Management. - 1525-9951. ; 20:4, s. 607-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residents of the Sunshine Coast region in Queensland, Australia, were surveyed on the subject of planned events in their region with the main aim of determining how and why they value events. It was revealed that residents gained considerable use value from events that they attended as audience or otherwise participated in, expressed strong support for a range of events (with a preference for community festivals), and overall did not believe that problems or costs were serious. Residents also indicated strong nonuse values (being existence, option, and bequest values) for events in general. Our findings are positioned within the body of literature concerning impact assessment (specifically, resident perceptions and attitudes towards events), valuation (i.e., the worth of events), and policy and strategy concerning community events and event tourism. © 2016 Cognizant, LLC.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing value and risk within a city's event portfolio: an explorative study of DMO professionals' assessments
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-2954. ; 11:4, s. 413-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - This study aims to advance both theory and praxis for event portfolio management in cities and destinations. An experiment has been conducted with professional event practitioners in a city to determine their opinions and strategies for balancing value and risk within their event portfolio. The first objective is to rank 14 of the city's recurring events in terms of both value and risk. Second, the events are plotted in a two-dimensional chart of value versus risk with the objective to differentiate between the 14 events. The third objective is to describe the event characteristics that event professionals associate with value and risk. Design/methodology/approach - Results derive from an experiment involving the forced Q-sort procedure and professional event managers from a city renowned as an "event capital". Empirical evidence is analysed by the constant comparative method of how events are being evaluated by ten professionals working for a DMO. Findings - Economic impact and image effects are characteristics of high-value events as is an opportunity to create relations with event owners for future collaboration. Local community involvement is important for all events. The issue of portfolio fit was a common argument for weak-value events. Research limitations/implications - Results are based on the opinions of ten DMO employees in one large city. Conclusions help build event portfolio theory. Practical implications - The results and methods are useful for event strategists and evaluators. In particular, the management of event portfolios and policies covering events in cities and destinations can benefit from the documented method for explicitly balancing risks with perceived value. Social implications - A portfolio perspective is also suggested as an approach to analyse the total tourist attractions portfolio of a destination. Originality/value - Opinions regarding public value and risk by civil servants who work with events have not been studied before. The constant comparative method produces results that can be applied to policies governing events. In terms of theory development, concepts from financial portfolio management, product portfolio management and risk management are used to develop event portfolio design and management, and insights are gained on trade-offs in the process. The plot of the events in a two-dimensional chart of value versus risk clearly differentiated the 14 events and is an original contribution.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Specialization versus diversification in the event portfolios of amateur athletes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 20:4, s. 376-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the personal event portfolios of amateur athletes, differentiating between those who pursue a specialized career within one sport and those who diversify within multiple sports. The impetus for this paper was the observation made in previously published research that many sport-event tourists participate in multiple sports. The twin objectives of the study are to better understand highly involved participants and to draw implications that could contribute to the events' and the country's competitiveness in sport event tourism. The study also addresses the question of whether or not these portfolio choices emerge as involvement increases - in other words, do highly involved amateur athletes tend to specialize in one sport, as suggest by recreation specialization theory? A total of 6691 participants were surveyed online in five events (cross-country run, Nordic ski, half-marathon run, open-water swim, and road cycling), out of which 2329 were identified as pursuing a portfolio strategy. The major contributions of this paper include identification of a large number of significant differences between "specialized" and "diversified" portfolios. Planning and marketing implications that can potentially enhance the attractiveness of individual and collectively marketed events are also discussed.
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| 4. |
- Busagara, T., et al.
(författare)
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Customer information sharing and new service development: is there a link?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bottom Line. - : Emerald. - 0888-045X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the link between customer information sharing and new service development. Design/methodology/approach Through a survey of tourism firms, 295 questionnaires were collected in three large tourism locations in Tanzania. Thereafter, the hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling (SEM) after undertaking both factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings Results indicate that there is a positive association/link between customer information sharing and new service development. The link here expresses the association that exists as customers share information and the extent of use of this information for the firm benefit in facilitating new service development. Specifically, customers post service information and customer interaction behaviors positively support new service development; however, customers' pre-service information revealed no link. Originality/value These results evidence that customer post service information and customer interaction behaviors form the groundwork for development new services in tourism. Hence, the study strengthens the value co-creation and innovation views in the service arena by extending knowledge in the use of both the service and the customer environment for service improvement.
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| 5. |
- Getz, D., et al.
(författare)
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Testing the event travel career trajectory in multiple participation sports
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-5085 .- 1029-5399. ; 24:3, s. 155-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper employs data from a large-scale survey of respondents from five mass-participation sport events in Sweden to test and develop the ‘event travel career trajectory’. The six inter-related hypotheses of the theoretical construct are examined, dealing with the evolution of participants’ motivations, event and destination choice criteria, and travel patterns and styles as their sport ‘involvement’ increases. Involvement has been measured by reference to both attitudes and event-travel activity. Analysis of data from over 6000 respondents reveals that these sport-event tourists progress along the career trajectory as they become significantly more involved. The most highly involved have significantly different preferences, preferring the accompaniment of a club or team; they spend a significantly larger amount of money on equipment, and self-improvement is a significantly stronger motivation. The most highly involved are more selective or demanding when it comes to choosing events, including more novelty seeking, wanting a party atmosphere, and favouring events with a higher reputation and prestige factor. They want a scenic/fast track or course and they have significantly different criteria for destination preferences, including a higher need for accessibility, quality services, strong reputation in sports, competence of event organizers, pleasant weather and attractive scenery. International participants have, on average, come further along the trajectory than domestic participants. In the concluding section, a dynamic explanation to the event travel career trajectory is suggested. Implications for destinations and events are discussed and further research needs are identified. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 6. |
- Almeida-Santana, A., et al.
(författare)
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Does bestial make you a happy human? The impact on happiness from participation in an obstacle running event
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-2954. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The main research questions addressed by this study focus on Subjective Well-Being (SWB) and to what extent the individual's SWB relates to the individual's need for personal growth. Specific interest is devoted to the effects of intentions (to have personal goals) and behavior (to achieve personal goals). Design/methodology/approach Can SWB and happiness research help to explain the tremendous growth in demanding amateur sport event participation? Most research on SWB and events has, so far been undertaken on cultural events leaving a gap related to sport events, especially obstacle running events. Bestial is an obstacle race event held in Arucas on Canary Islands, Spain. Apart from competitiveness, the race also contains elements of altruism as many competitors do help each other at various obstacles along the route, in groups (mainly) teams. A sample of 700 participants answered questions about behavior, attitudes and SWB. Findings The results show significant relations between SWB and both intentions and behavior but also that intentions and behavior are not correlated. Research limitations/implications The "Bestial" is different from an average running event in some respects. It is a rather local event for Gran Canaria without international participation. For some participants it is more challenging and enduring but for others it is a team sport where one helps other team members to complete the race. In this study, these two types of participation have not been separated. The test of whether the SWB of participants is higher than the SWB of the average citizen is not satisfactory. Data for the average of SWB in Spain had to depend on a study from another year and where standard deviation was not available. Practical implications The results of this work are useful for event managers to improve their design and develop the most appropriate marketing messages. Social implications The study aims for an explanation to why demanding physical activities, such as obstacle races, are so popular. In this study of obstacle race participation, hedonia is regarded as less relevant and focus is on eudaimonia and an assumption that participants in an obstacle race have a high SWB since they can feel that they make progress towards goals. One intended contribution of this study is to distinguish between "to have a goal" and "to progress towards a goal". Thus, the model proposed is based on hypotheses that SWB is influenced by both. Two types of goals are studied: first a mainly individualistic goal of becoming physically fit and second a more altruistic goal of "becoming a better person". Originality/value In the conclusions, the importance for a happy life of simply having goals for personal growth and the value of anticipation for happiness is discussed.
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| 7. |
- Alverén, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal employees' intention to return and do more than expected
- 2012
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Ingår i: Service Industries Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-2069 .- 1743-9507. ; 32:12, s. 1957-1972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal employment is important in the service industries. Having motivated and satisfied employees is fundamental when front-line employees play a key role for the customers' perceived service quality. Seasonal work differs from permanent employment in many aspects and if managed properly, this could be a competitive advantage and contribute to the success of an organization. This study focuses on seasonal employees' intention to return and to do more than expected at work as well as the relationships between certain motivational factors and job satisfaction. A survey was carried out at four ski resorts with 477 respondents. Correlation and regression analyses indicate that job satisfaction influences the intention to return but does not have a strong influence on organizational citizenship behaviour (i.e. doing more than expected at work). The results improve our understanding of seasonal workers' motivation and behaviour. The concluding part discusses managerial implications.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Commensurability and sustainability: Triple impact assessments of a tourism event
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 37, s. 99-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a model for measuring impacts of a tourist event from sustainability perspectives and in a common monetary metric is developed. The aim is to achieve commensurability. The proposed model is tested on a three-day music festival and the results demonstrate a possibility to produce a sustainability impact analysis in a uniform metric. Measured in monetary terms, socio-cultural impacts carry weight just as economic impacts do whereas environmental impacts have little importance for the total assessment. This illustrates how the low market value of emission rights make environmental concerns negligible from an economic perspective. Finally, issues related to scope of the assessment, commensurability and opportunity cost are discussed and possibilities for future studies are suggested. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Use and Non-use Values of a Music Festival
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 12:3, s. 215-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impacts of a music festival may appear in many forms and research in the area of impact assessments is at present developing wider perspectives than being limited to economic impact assessments. Concepts like social, cultural and environmental impacts are now appropriate and traditional cost–benefit analysis is regaining momentum. The purpose of this study was first, to discuss how the value of a festival can be assessed and understood within a cost–benefit framework. Second, it was to evaluate a Scandinavian music festival in terms of Use and Non-use values by the contingent valuation method. The results illustrate the implications of a wider perspective regarding the impacts of a festival. Use value, representing the core experience, is the largest value (€7.4 million) but Non-use value is also important (€3 million). The latter includes the perceived value of externalities such as socio-cultural and environmental impacts which are highly relevant from a sustainability perspective. One conclusion is that Use and Non-use values within a cost–benefit framework can help managers and researchers understand value creation of festivals better.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Event portfolios: asset value, risk and returns
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - 1758-2954 .- 1758-2962. ; 8:3, s. 226-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The research question addressed is whether an event portfolio analysis rooted in financial portfolio theory can yield meaningful insights to complement two approaches to event portfolios. The first approach is extrinsic and rooted in economic impact analysis where events need to demonstrate a financial return on investment. In the second approach events are valued ally, with every event having inherent value and the entire portfolio being valued for its synergistic effects and contribution to social and cultural goals. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Data from visitors to four events in the Sunshine Coast region of Australia are analyzed to illustrate key points, including the notion of “efficient frontier.” Findings – Conceptual development includes an examination of extrinsic and intrinsic perspectives on portfolios, ways to define and measure value, returns, risk, and portfolio management strategies. In the conclusions a number of research questions are raised, and it is argued that the two approaches to value event portfolios can be combined. Research limitations/implications – Only four events were studied, in one Australian local authority. The sample of residents who responded to a questionnaire was biased in terms of age, education and gender. Social implications – Authorities funding events and developing event portfolios for multiple reasons can benefit from more rigorous analysis of the value created. Originality/value – This analysis and conceptual development advances the discourse on portfolio theory applied to event management and event tourism.
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