| 1. |
- Ranta, Aarne, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Abstract Syntax as Interlingua: Scaling Up the Grammatical Framework from Controlled Languages to Robust Pipelines
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computational Linguistics. - : MIT Press. - 0891-2017 .- 1530-9312. ; 46:2, s. 425-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- .Abstract syntax is an interlingual representation used in compilers. Grammatical Framework (GF) applies the abstract syntax idea to natural languages. The development of GF started in 1998, first as a tool for controlled language implementations, where it has gained an established position in both academic and commercial projects. GF provides grammar resources for over 40 languages, enabling accurate generation and translation, as well as grammar engineering tools and components for mobile and Web applications. On the research side, the focus in the last ten years has been on scaling up GF to wide-coverage language processing. The concept of abstract syntax offers a unified view on many other approaches: Universal Dependencies, WordNets, FrameNets, Construction Grammars, and Abstract Meaning Representations. This makes it possible for GF to utilize data from the other approaches and to build robust pipelines. In return, GF can contribute to data-driven approaches by methods to transfer resources from one language to others, to augment data by rule-based generation, to check the consistency of handannotated corpora, and to pipe analyses into high-precision semantic back ends. This article gives an overview of the use of abstract syntax as interlingua through both established and emerging NLP applications involving GF.
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| 2. |
- Angelov, Krasimir, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework for Conflict Analysis of Normative Texts Written in Controlled Natural Language
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-8326. ; 82:5-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we are concerned with the analysis of normative conflicts, or the detection of conflicting obligations, permissions and prohibitions in normative texts written in a Controlled Natural Language (CNL). For this we present AnaCon, a proof-of-concept system where normative texts written in CNL are automatically translated into the formal language CL using the Grammatical Framework (GF). Such CL expressions are then analysed for normative conflicts by the CLAN tool, which gives counter-examples in cases where conflicts are found. The framework also uses GF to give a CNL version of the counter-example, helping the user to identify the conflicts in the original text. We detail the application of AnaCon to two case studies and discuss the effectiveness of our approach.
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| 3. |
- Caprotti, Olga, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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High-quality translation: Molto tools and applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: The fourth Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- MOLTO (Multilingual On Line Translation, FP7-ICT-247914, www.molto-project.eu) is a European project focusing on translation on the web. MOLTO targets translation that has production quality, that is, usable for quick and reliable dissemination of information. MOLTO’s main focus is to increase the productivity of such translation systems, building on the technology of GF (Grammatical Framework) and its Resource Grammar Library. But MOLTO also develops hybrid methods which increase the quality of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) by adding linguistic information, or bootstrap grammatical models from statistical models. This paper gives a brief overview of MOLTO’s latest achievements, many of which are more thoroughly described in separate papers and available as web-based demos and as open-source software.
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| 4. |
- Caprotti, Olga, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The MOLTO Phrasebook
- 2010
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Ingår i: Swedish Language Technology Conference SLTC 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Ranta, Aarne, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing Controlled Languages in GF
- 2010
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Workshop on Controlled Natural Language, CNL 2009, Marettimo Island, 8-10 June 2009. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783642144172 ; 5972, s. 82-101
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces GF, Grammatical Framework, as a tool for implementing controlled languages. GF provides a high-level grammar formalism and a resource grammar library that make it easy to write grammars that cover similar fragments in several natural languages at the same time. Authoring help tools and automatic translation are provided for all grammars. As an example, a grammar of Attempto Controlled English is implemented and then ported to Finnish, French, German, Italian and Swedish.
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| 6. |
- Ranta, Aarne, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Tools for multilingual grammar-based translation on the web
- 2010
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Ingår i: 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2010; Uppsala; Sweden; 11 July 2010 through 16 July 2010. - 9781617388088 ; , s. 66-71
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a system demo for a set of tools for translating texts between multiple languages in real time with high quality. The translation works on restricted languages, and is based on semantic interlinguas. The underlying model is GF(Grammatical Framework), which is an open-source toolkit for multilingual grammar implementations. The demo will cover up to 20 parallel languages. Two related sets of tools are presented: grammarian's tools helping to build translators for new domains and languages, and translator's tools helping to translate documents. The grammarian's tools are designed to make it easy to port the technique to new applications. The translator's tools are essential in the restricted language context, enabling the author to remain in the fragments recognized by the system. The tools that are demonstrated will be applied and developed further in the European project MOLTO (Multilingual On-Line Translation) which has started in March 2010 and runs for three years.
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| 7. |
- Enache, Ramona, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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An Open-Source Computational Grammar for Romanian
- 2010
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Ingår i: Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing 11th International Conference, CICLing 2010, Iasi, Romania, March 21-27, 2010, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ; 6008, s. 163-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the implementation of a computational grammar for Romanian as a resource grammar in the GF project (Grammatical Framework). Resource grammars are the basic constituents of the GF library. They consist of morphological and syntactical modules which implement a common abstract syntax, also describing the basic features of a language. The present paper explores the main features of the Romanian grammar, along with the way they fit into the framework that GF provides. We also compare the implementation for Romanian with related resource grammars that exist already in the library. The current resource grammar allows generation and parsing of natural language and can be used in multilingual translations and other GF-related applications. Covering a wide range of specific morphological and syntactical features of the Romanian language, tins GF resource grammar is the most comprehensive open-source grammar existing so far for Romanian.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Angelov, Krasimir, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Editing with Search and Exploration for Controlled Languages
- 2018
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Ingår i: Controlled Natural Language / editors: Brian Davis, C. Maria Keet, Adam Wyner. - : IOS Press. - 0922-6389 .- 1879-8314. - 9781614999041 ; , s. 1-10
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an editor for controlled languages which is a combination of a syntax editor and a predictive editor. It shows a bird's-eye view which lets the user to explore what is possible in the language. Still, unlike the syntax editors the user is not expected to understand the underlying abstract syntax or ontology behind the language. It also lets the user to enter arbitrary phrases from which the editor finds the phrases which are the closest match.
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