| 1. |
- Antonelli, Cristiano, et al.
(författare)
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Academic knowledge and economic growth : Are scientific fields all alike?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Socio-Economic Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-1461 .- 1475-147X. ; 14:3, s. 537-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article elaborates and tests the hypothesis that there are different types of aca demic knowledge that exert different effects on economic growth. Knowledge items differ with respect to the specificities of both their generation and exploitation pro cesses. Building upon these bases, the article articulates the crucial distinction between knowledge as a capital good, necessary to produce all the other goods at lower costs and knowledge as a final good that affects directly the utility of consu mers. We use Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development data about the disciplinary composition of the research and development expenses in higher education and total factor productivity growth in the years 1998-2008 in 13 countries to test the hypothesis. The results confirm the strong differences in the con tribution of each discipline to growth accounting.
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| 2. |
- Antonelli, Cristiano, et al.
(författare)
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Globalization and the Knowledge-Driven Economy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Economic Development Quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 0891-2424 .- 1552-3543. ; 30:1, s. 3-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study implements the Schumpeterian notion of creative reaction to articulate and test the hypothesis that the shift to the knowledge economy in advanced economies is the result of the creative reaction of firms, caught in out-of-equilibrium conditions by the fast globalization of product and factor markets since the last decade of the 20th century. Advanced countries specialized in the generation and exploitation of knowledge because of its relative abundance stemming from their sophisticated knowledge governance mechanisms and the large stock of knowledge. In turn, this had strong positive effects on total factor productivity. The empirical analysis confirms that in advanced economies the specialization in knowledge-based activities substituted for the previous specialization in mass manufacturing activities supporting the increase of total factor productivity. The new specialization in knowledge-intensive activities has been stronger in cases where patent activities have been more intense and the exposure to international trade and the revenue per capita have been larger.
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| 3. |
- Antonelli, Cristiano, et al.
(författare)
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The role of external knowledge(s) in the introduction of product and process innovations
- 2016
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Ingår i: R & D Management. - : Wiley. - 0033-6807. ; 46:S3, s. 979-991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the heterogeneity of the sources of external knowledge and their differentiated effects on process and product innovations respectively. The results of the empirical investigations show that the upstream vertical sources of external knowledge from suppliers exert a strong and positive role on the introduction of process innovations, whereas horizontal and downstream vertical sources stemming respectively from competitors and customers have stronger effects on the introduction of product innovations. These results support the hypothesis that the matching between sources of external knowledge and types of innovation is necessary to implement successful innovation strategies. The study suggests that the strategic decisions of R&D managers in innovation practices should take in greater consideration the availability of the differentiated sources of external knowledge in the system in which firms are embedded.
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| 4. |
- Spada, Cristiano, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Associated with Polyp Detection Rate in European Colonoscopy Practice : Findings of The European Colonoscopy Quality Investigation (ECQI) Group
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The European Colonoscopy Quality Investigation (ECQI) Group aims to raise awareness for improvement in colonoscopy standards across Europe. We analysed data collected on a sample of procedures conducted across Europe to evaluate the achievement of the polyp detection rate (PDR) target. We also investigated factors associated with PDR, in the hope of establishing areas that could lead to a quality improvement. Methods: 6445 form completions from 12 countries between 2 June 2016 and 30 April 2018 were considered for this analysis. We performed an exploratory analysislooking at PDR according to European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) definition. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the most influential associated factors after adjusting for the other pre-specified variables. Results: In our sample therewere 3365 screening and diagnostic procedures performed in those over 50 years. The PDR was 40.5%, which is comparable with the ESGE minimum standard of 40%. The variables found to be associated with PDR were in descending order: Use of high-definition equipment, body mass index (BMI), patient gender, age group, and the reason for the procedure. Use of HD equipment was associated with a significant increase in the reporting of flat lesions (14.3% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.0001) and protruded lesions (34.7% vs. 25.4%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: On average, the sample of European practice captured by the ECQI survey meets the minimum PDR standard set by the ESGE. Our findings support the ESGE recommendation for routine use of HD colonoscopy.
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| 5. |
- Spada, Cristiano, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Associated with Withdrawal Time in European Colonoscopy Practice : Findings of the European Colonoscopy Quality Investigation (ECQI) Group
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diagnostics. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4418. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Colonoscopy Quality Investigation (ECQI) Group aims to raise awareness for improvement in colonoscopy standards across Europe. We analyzed data collected on a sample of procedures conducted across Europe to evaluate the achievement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) mean withdrawal time (WT) target. We also investigated factors associated with WT, in the hope of establishing areas that could lead to a quality improvement. Methods: 6445 form completions from 12 countries between 2 June 2016 and 30 April 2018 were considered for this analysis. We performed an exploratory analysis looking at WT according to the ESGE definition. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the most influential associated factors after adjusting for the other pre-specified variables. Results: In 1150 qualifying colonoscopies, the mean WT was 7.8 min. Stepwise analysis, including 587 procedures where all inputs were known, found that the variables most associated with mean WT were a previous total colonoscopy in the last five years (p = 0.0011) and the time of day the colonoscopy was performed (p = 0.0192). The main factor associated with a WT < 6 min was the time of day that a colonoscopy was performed. Use of sedation was the main factor associated with a higher propor-tion of WT > 10 min, along with a previous colonoscopy. Conclusions: On average, the sample of European practice captured by the ECQI survey met the minimum standard set by the ESGE. How-ever, there was variation and potential for improvement.
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| 6. |
- Taalbi, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Creative response in economic history
- 2022
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Ingår i: Elgar Encyclopedia on the Economics of Knowledge and Innovation. - 9781839106989 - 9781839106996 ; , s. 71-80
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how innovation comes about is essential to furthering economic development and sustainable transitions. Noting “creative response” (Schumpeter, 1947) as a broad notion of how agents respond to changes in their environment, this lemma surveys main contributions to our understanding of innovation as endogenous to social and economic mechanisms. Through a review of economic historical debates, this entry discusses the problem of to what extent significant innovations emerge “ab nihilo”, or reflect the problems and opportunities of the day.
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| 7. |
- Taalbi, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Technological systems and development blocks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Elgar Encyclopedia on the Economics of Knowledge and Innovation. - 9781839106989 - 9781839106996 ; , s. 477-486
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successful technological transitions require the alignment of technologies, capabilities, infrastructure, and institutions across a wide array of industries and involving many agents. In such processes, synergies and complementarities across different fields of economic activity are crucial. When such complementarities are missing, imbalances emerge, which, in the absence of innovation, may stifle technological development, sometimes for decades. This contribution surveys our theoretical and empirical understanding of technological interdependencies across industries. Special emphasis is placed on the notion of “development blocks”, coined by Swedish economist Erik Dahmén. It discusses similarities and differences to other notions of broad technological interdependencies, like general-purpose technologies. Advances in network analysis in the last decade have furthered our empirical understanding of such interdependencies. The last section discusses the research frontier in our understanding of technological systems and possible policy implications.
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