| 1. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring driver impairments : Sleepiness, distraction, and workload
- 2012
-
Ingår i: IEEE Pulse. - 2154-2287. ; 3:2, s. 22-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snow was falling heavily when Sarah was driving on a slippery road to her cousin’s country cottage. It was dark outside, and the visibility was poor. She had planned to arrive before sunset, but the rental service had made a mistake, and it took hours before she got her rental car at the airport. It was past midnight now, and after a long day of traveling, Sarah was starting to get sleepy.Fortunately, there were only 15 km to go, but her eyelids were starting to feel heavy. To stay awake, she put her favorite CD on, turned up the volume, and started to sing along. This seemed to help a little -good- only 10 km to go. This was when Sarah’s phone started ringing, and she awkwardly tried to find the mute button for the car stereo while answering the phone. As she looked up again, she barely caught a glimpse of the red brake lights of the car in front of her as she smashed into it.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of an active steering system on city bus drivers’ muscle activity
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 25:3, s. 377-385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- City bus drivers spend hours driving under time pressure, in congested traffic and in a monotonous sitting position. This leads to unhealthy working conditions, especially in terms of physical and psychological stress. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an active steering system can alleviate the musculoskeletal stress involved in manoeuvring a bus. Twenty bus drivers drove a city bus equipped with the Volvo dynamic steering (VDS) support system in real traffic. Steering effort was evaluated with electromyography and with a questionnaire. Compared to baseline, VDS significantly reduced the required muscle activity by on average 15–25% while turning, and up to 68% in the part of the manoeuvre requiring maximum effort. The bus drivers believed that VDS will help reduce neck and shoulder problems, and they expressed a desire to have VDS installed in their own bus.
|
|
| 3. |
- Aigner-Breuss, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison and analysis of user and stakeholder needs across different countries
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current deliverable aims at presenting the results of the analysis of stakeholder needs, in order to have support for selecting the most relevant use cases. For the identification of user requirements of all stakeholders relevant to school transportation different methods were used:- Focus groups with representatives of one user or stakeholder group- Workshops with different stakeholders- 2 questionnaire surveys (Questionaire A: Road Experts, Questionaire B: children, parents and bus drivers)Problems and needs in the following areas were subject of discussions, interviews and questionnaires:- Behaviour of road users counteracting with school buses- Behaviour of pupils on the school bus and while entering and exiting the same- Design of bus stops- Protection of pupils on the school bus- Condition of school buses- Education of school bus drivers- Education of pupils concerning school transportation- Information flow- Route to/from school- Special needs of children with disabilitiesResults show that the organisation of school transport varies between countries and even within a country. Stakeholders underline the importance of consistent regulations and clear responsibilities as a basis for a safe way to school by bus.
|
|
| 4. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Is European school transport safe? : the need for a "door-to-door" perspective
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - Berlin : Springer. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 3:2, s. 75-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To identify and establish the number and aetiology behind children being killed or injured during school transport from a door-to-door perspective by using experience from Sweden and the UK.Methods Available crash data were analysed. Results In total, 361 children in Sweden during 1994–2001, i.e. 24% of the 1,515 identified children aged 6–16 who were injured or killed were identified in 256 school transport events. The predominant reason for being killed or injured when travelling on school transportation was when children were outside the bus (74%), either when passing the bus to cross the street, running in front of the bus (21%) or behind the bus (30%). Contrary to the general belief that children older than 12 are mature enough to handle traffic, more than 50% of the fatal injuries in Sweden affected children aged 13–16. Similar results were found in the UK. The afternoon school journeys, pedestrians after alighting from the bus, and those in situations that deviated from their normal routine were found to be particularly vulnerable.Conclusions The travel chain perspective/or door to door perspective offers a promising approach for understanding school transport risks and for identifying effective countermeasures; including around bus stops and on the way to/from the bus stop. Data collection needs to be revised to reflect this approach.
|
|
| 5. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Is European school transportation safe? : The need for a "door-to-door" perspective
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 3:2, s. 75-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To identify and establish the number and aetiology behind children being killed or injured during school transport from a door-to-door perspective by using experience from Sweden and the UK. Methods Available crash data were analysed. Results In total, 361 children in Sweden during 1994–2001,i.e. 24% of the 1,515 identified children aged 6 - 16 who were injured or killed were identified in 256 school transport events. The predominant reason for being killed or injured when travelling on school transportation was when children were outside the bus (74%), either when passing the bus to cross the street, running in front of the bus (21%) or behind the bus (30%). Contrary to the general belief that children older than 12 are mature enough to handle traffic, more than 50% of the fatal injuries in Sweden affected children aged 13 –16. Similar results were found in the UK. The afternoon school journeys, pedestrians after alighting from the bus, and those in situations that deviated from their normal routine were found to be particularly vulnerable. Conclusions The travel chain perspective/or door to door perspective offers a promising approach for understanding school transport risks and for identifying effective countermeasures; including around bus stops and on the way to/from the bus stop. Data collection needs to be revised to reflect this approach.
|
|
| 6. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Piloting smart safe school bus : exploration of security gains from implementation of a driver support system, additional technical equipment and intelligent bus stops
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - Berlin : Springer. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 2:3, s. 157-163
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Road crash statistics reveal that school children are frequent victims and the most risky situation is when the child is outside the bus. The aim of this pilot study was to explore possible changes in speed, implementation of routines, hazard detection and child security gains from a driver support system integrated with intelligent bus stops and additional technical equipment.Methods: In total, 130 children with transmitters were using two specially equipped busses and bus stops. Speed of oncoming and overtaking cars, implementation of routines, the possibilities to discover potential hazards and experienced stress in the children were analysed by speed measurements, diary notes, questionnaires and focus group interviews.Results: This pilot study exploration showed that the speeds of other road users were reduced at one of two bus stops. The driver support system was frequently used in all its parts and was considered useful by the bus drivers. It also raised the level of routines and allowed the drivers to survey the children. Children reported feeling more secure with the system running and experienced less stress as a consequence of it.Conclusion: This pilot study shows that the evaluated systems may have the ability to reduce speed of other road users, raise the level of routines and make children feel more secure. Further studies are needed that apply a holistic approach on school transportation safety and security.
|
|
| 7. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Project presentation
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SAFEWAY2SCHOOL is a European research project carried out by research institutes, universities and industry in order to enhance safety for children on their daily way to school. SAFEWAY2SCHOOL aims to design, develop, integrate and evaluate technologies for providing a holistic and safe transportation service for children, from their home door to the school door and vice versa, encompassing tools, services and training for all key actors in the relevant transportation chain. These include optimal route planning and rerouting for school buses to maximize safety, on-board safety applications (i.e. for speed control and seat belts), "intelligent" bus stops, effective warning and information systems for bus drivers, children, parents and the surrounding traffic; as well as training schemes for all actors. The project innovative systems, services and training schemes will be tested in 4 sites Europewide, including North (Sweden), Central (Austria), South (Italy) and Eastern (Poland) Europe; to evaluate their usability, efficiency, user acceptance and market viability; taking into account the very different children's transportation to/from school systems across the different European regions as well as key cultural and socio-economic aspects.
|
|
| 8. |
- Börsbo, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Pilot plans
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current Deliverable outlines the actual planning for the execution of the SAFEWAY2SCHOOL Pilots and is prepared in the context of WP7: “Verification Pilots evaluation” and specifically A7.1: “Evaluation Framework”. Pilots are experiments with users, which aim to contribute to the overall evaluation of the SAFEWAY2SCHOOL system. Pilots are an integral part of the final implementation of the SAFEWAY2SCHOOL system. Thus, it is important that Pilots are organised to cover all needs across SAFEWAY2SCHOOL subsystems or units, different users, different environments, etc. To this end, the aim of this Deliverable is to organise the Pilots of SAFEWAY2SCHOOL project in an optimal way with respect to the overall project objectives. The Pilot plan Deliverable should be considered as a living document, since minor changes may occur until the actual realisation of the Pilots. The aim of this document is to lay the foundation for the SAFEWAY2SCHOOL system evaluation. It covers what should be measured, broken down into the responsibilities of each pilot site, including the German simulator site. The document also provides a theoretical background to the pilot site testing, i.e., why should the appointed variables be measured. Lastly, it covers how each of the variables should be measured, also broken down into the responsibilities of each pilot site, including the German simulator site. The current Deliverable presents in detail the evaluation plans that have been developed in the context of the SAFEWAYSCHOOL project for the evaluation of the system under development.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Dukic Willstrand, Tania, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Collecting end-users needs regarding driver state-based automation in the ADAS&ME project
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU funded project ADAS&ME (Adaptive ADAS to support incapacitated drivers & Mitigate Effectively risks through tailor made HMI under automation) develops adapted Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. A web based survey was designed to collect the opinion of ADAS&ME end-users about automated functions that could support the driver/rider during different driving tasks. In total, 1094 persons answered the survey. The results reveal that most of the participants had heard of automated functions previously, and that about half of them also had experience using such functions. Several participants indicated concerns about data security. Furthermore, the results give an insight into how end-users perceive automation and what they see as advantages and limitations for implementation of automated driving systems corresponding to the ADAS&MEs’ goals.
|
|
