| 1. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Bussförares arbetstider kopplat till trötthet
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bussförare i kollektivtrafiken har ofta oregelbundna arbetstider och en arbetssituation som kan innebära hög stress. Dessa faktorer kan leda till allvarlig trötthet. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur arbetstiden påverkar sömn, stress, trötthet och körförmåga. Projektet omfattar fyra delstudier: enkätstudie, sömndagböcker och aktigrafi, analys av schemaläggning och ett experiment på riktig väg med bussförare. Hypoteserna var att tidiga morgonturer, delade skift, långa arbetsdagar och få timmars vila mellan arbetspassen bidrar till trötthet, stress och nedsatt körförmåga, som tillsammans kan leda till en sämre säkerhet. De övergripande resultaten stödjer dessa hypoteser. Generellt sett upplevs sömnighet och trötthet under körning som ett problem eftersom förarna anser att detta innebär nedsatt körförmåga, vilket ökar risken för incidenter och olyckor. Totalt 45 procent av förarna hade minst två gånger i månaden svårt att hålla sig vakna när de kör buss och 19 procent hade under det senaste decenniet varit inblandade i en incident där trötthet varit en bidragande orsak. Experimentet med delade skift med tidig start på morgonen stöder dessa rön. Rapporten avslutas med en lista med förslag.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Schwarz, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of traditional countermeasures
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Approximately 20% of motor vehicle crashes are caused by sleepiness or fatigue . Therefore, the search of effective countermeasures against driver sleepiness is a key issue in crash prevention. While caffeine, energy drinks and napping have been reported to improve driver alertness, listening to music and cold air have shown too transient and marginal effects in counteracting sleepiness in a driving simulator. However, a recent Swedish survey depicted that drivers use turning on the radio and opening a window more frequently as countermeasure than drinking coffee or stopping for nap. This raises the question if those drivers apply rather ineffective countermeasures or if these countermeasures are more effective when used during actual driving, in contrast to simulated driving. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the effect of listening to music and opening the window during real driving on the motorway.
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| 4. |
- Schwarz, Johanna F. A., et al.
(författare)
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In-car countermeasures open window and music revisited on the real road : popular but hardly effective against driver sleepiness
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 21:5, s. 595-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effects of two very commonly used countermeasures against driver sleepiness, opening the window and listening to music, on subjective and physiological sleepiness measures during real road driving. In total, 24 individuals participated in the study. Sixteen participants received intermittent 10-min intervals of: (i) open window (2 cm opened); and (ii) listening to music, during both day and night driving on an open motorway. Both subjective sleepiness and physiological sleepiness (blink duration) was estimated to be significantly reduced when subjects listened to music, but the effect was only minor compared with the pronounced effects of night driving and driving duration. Open window had no attenuating effect on either sleepiness measure. No significant long-term effects beyond the actual countermeasure application intervals occurred, as shown by comparison to the control group (n = 8). Thus, despite their popularity, opening the window and listening to music cannot be recommended as sole countermeasures against driver sleepiness.
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| 5. |
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Reaction of sleepiness indicators to partial sleep deprivation, time of day and time on task in a driving simulator - the DROWSI project
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 1365-2869 .- 0962-1105. ; 19:2, s. 298-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of driving and sleepiness indicators have mainly focused on prior sleep reduction. The present study sought to identify sleepiness indicators responsive to several potential regulators of sleepiness: sleep loss, time of day (TOD) and time on task (TOT) during simulator driving. Thirteen subjects drove a high-fidelity moving base simulator in six 1-h sessions across a 24-h period, after normal sleep duration (8 h) and after partial sleep deprivation (PSD; 4 h). The results showed clear main effects of TOD (night) and TOT but not for PSD, although the latter strongly interacted with TOD. The most sensitive variable was subjective sleepiness, the standard deviation of lateral position (SDLAT) and measures of eye closure [duration, speed (slow), amplitude (low)]. Measures of electroencephalography and line crossings (LCs) showed only modest responses. For most variables individual differences vastly exceeded those of the fixed effects, except for subjective sleepiness and SDLAT. In a multiple regression analysis, SDLAT, amplitude/peak eye-lid closing velocity and blink duration predicted subjective sleepiness bouts with a sensitivity and specificity of about 70%, but were mutually redundant. The prediction of LCs gave considerably weaker, but similar results. In summary, SDLAT and eye closure variables could be candidates for use in sleepiness-monitoring devices. However, individual differences are considerable and there is need for research on how to identify and predict individual differences in susceptibility to sleepiness.
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