| 1. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive benefits of exercise intervention
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinica Terapeutica. - 0009-9074 .- 1972-6007. ; 167:6, s. 180-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Società Editrice Universo (SEU).Exercise, as a potent epigenetic regulator, implies the potential to counteract pathophysiological processes and alterations in most cardiovascular/respiratory cells and tissues not withstanding a paucity of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and doseresponse relationships. In the present account, the assets accruing from physical exercise and its influence upon executive functioning are examined. Under conditions of neuropsychiatric and neurologic ill-health, age-related deterioration of functional and biomarker indicators during healthy and disordered trajectories, neuroimmune and affective unbalance, and epigenetic pressures, exercise offers a large harvest of augmentations in health and well-being. Both animal models and human studies support the premise of manifest gains from regular exercise within several domains, besides cognitive function and mood, notably as the agency of a noninvasive, readily available therapeutic intervention.
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| 2. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Drug abuse neurotoxicity: alcohol and nicotine as developmental stressors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Handbook of Neurotoxicity. - : Springer. - 9781461458357 ; , s. 2003-2023
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drugs of abuse have the property of inducing adverse health complications, not least neurotoxicity under conditions where both the environmental conditions and activity states associated with their intake may strongly enhance drug toxicity, thereby causing life-threatening health complications and tragedy for relations and caregivers. While both chronic alcohol and/or nicotine abuse induce a variety of neuropathological effects, including damage to the brain, the extent of damage and disruption observed in the developing brain and CNS is a considerable affliction for the affected individuals. On the basis of laboratory and clinical studies, the potential of chemicals, including therapeutic and abused agents, to induce neurotoxic effects has been assessed, with considerations of abuse drugs neurotoxicity encompassing several factors that may accelerate and complicate prevailing conditions; the type and influence of environmental conditions, the presence of daily habits such as coffee breaks/smoking breaks, nutritional status, and neuroimmune system mobilization. Abuse neurotoxicity at several stages of early development, alcohol neurotoxicity, nicotine neurotoxicity, and combinations of alcohol-nicotine neurotoxicity present a threatening scenario of two compounds, benefitting from legality and availability that nevertheless have such potential for destruction over multiple domains, particularly in the undeveloped brain.
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| 3. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Factors governing personal health and development: stress (distress) and empowerment : I fattori che regolano la salute personale e lo sviluppo: Stress (distress) e potenziamento
- 2014
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Ingår i: Panminerva Medica. - 0031-0808. ; 56:1 suppl. 1, s. 101-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals express personal attributes that render them vulnerable to stress to greater or lesser extent. According to how we deal with all the events, incidents and interactions upon our daily lives, whether Monday to Friday working days or the weekends with expected rest, the progression of our life cycles develop, in some cases towards relative life satisfaction, psychological well-being and health but sadly in others towards dissatisfaction, a lack of psychological well-being and ill-health. Stress and distress may exert adaptive or maladaptive influences. Psychosocial stress, physiological stress, stress-inducing immunosenescence, or oxidative forms of stress are generally associated with detrimental effects upon personal health and development. Nevertheless, the adaptive aspect of stress ought not to be neglected since the capacity and ability to cope with stress, develop one’s own personal resources to accommodate coping strategies, hardiness and resilience all provide stages to elevate an individual’s developmental trajectory. Education, self-learning and an optimal life-style based upon healthy attachment to self all endower us with personal empowerment which is further reinforced when we facilitate the empowerment of others as evidence of our attachment to them. The related, yet distinctive, qualities, dignitas and auctoritas, capture the requirement of empowerment in self-fulfilling personal profiles. An individual with dignitas has acquired accomplishments, personal habits and a special ‘aura’ that invariably commands respect whether this person is a gardener or a general whereas auctoritas is conferred, rather than acquired, in the hope that this person will empower both others and himself/herself. One measure of success, perhaps the most important, is offered by the degree to which we empower our own personal health and development, and the extent to which we facilitate that of others.
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| 4. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodegenerative Aspects in Vulnerability to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicity Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1029-8428 .- 1476-3524. ; 26:4, s. 400-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neurodegenerative and neurotoxic aspects of schizophrenia and/or psychosis involve genetic, epigenetic, and neurotoxic propensities that impinge upon both the symptom domains and the biomarkers of the disorder, involving cellular apoptosis/excitotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species formation, viral and bacterial infections, anoxic birth injury, maternal starvation, drugs of abuse, particularly cannabis, metabolic accidents, and other chemical agents that disrupt normal brain development or the integrity of brain tissues. Evidence for premorbid and prodromal psychotic phases, aspects of neuroimaging, dopamine, and psychosis vulnerability, and perinatal aspects provide substance for neurodegenerative influences. Not least, the agencies of antipsychotic contribute to the destructive spiral that disrupts normal structure and function. The etiopathogenesis of psychosis is distinguished also by disruptions of the normal functioning of the neurotrophins, in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dyskinesic aspects, immune system disturbances, and metabolic aspects. Whether detrimental to neurodevelopment or tissue-destructive, or an acceleration of neurotoxic pathways, the notion of neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders continues to gather momentum.
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| 5. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Mood Disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Handbook of Neurotoxicity. - : Springer. - 9781461458357 ; , s. 2181-2205
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurotoxic vulnerability that putatively contributes to the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders encompasses perinatal adversity, genetic linkage, epigenetic disadvantage, and neurodegenerative propensities that affect both symptom domains, positive, negative, and cognitive and biomarkers of the disorder. Molecular and cellular apoptosis/excitotoxicity that culminates in regional brain loss, reductions reelin expression, trophic disruption, perinatal adversity, glycogen kinase-3 dysregulation, and various instances of oxidative stress all influence the final end point. The existence of prodromal psychotic phases, structural-functional aspects of regional neuroimaging, dopamine signal overexpression, and psychosis propensity provide substance for neurodegenerative influences. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders encompasses the destruction of normal functioning of the neurotrophins, in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dyskinesia of necessary ,ovements, and metabolic-metabolomic and proteomic markers. Neurotoxic accidents combined with genetic susceptibility appear to play a role in interfering with normal neurodevelopment or in tissue-destructive neurodegeneration or both, thereby elevating the eventual risk for disorder tendencies and eventual expression
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| 6. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Mood Disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Omics for Personalized Medicine. - New Delhi : Springer. - 9788132211839 ; :309, s. 309-334
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmacogenomics and the search for personalized medicine focus on the attainment of individualized pharmacotherapies that cover genetic variation and target groups of patients that present neurodevelopmental aspects of symptom profiles and biomarkers underlying the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The identification of genetic biomarkers facilitates choice of treatment, prediction of response, and prognosis of outcome over a wide spectrum of symptoms associated with affective states thereby optimizing clinical practice procedures. Several strategies, under development and refinement, show the propensity for derivation of essential elements in the etiopathogenesis of disorder affecting drug efficacy, drug metabolism, and drug adverse effects, e.g., with regard to SSRIs; these include the following: transporter gene expression and genes encoding receptor systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis factors, neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory factors affecting neuroimmune function. Nevertheless, procedural considerations of pharmacogenetics presume the parallel investment of policies and regulations to withstand eventual attempts at misuse thereby ensuring patient integrity
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| 7. |
- Corsi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive disability in alzheimer's disease and its management
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinica Terapeutica. - 0009-9074. ; 167:5, s. 123-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive disability linked to neurodegenerative diseases and in particular to Alzheimer's disease, remains an increasing cause for concern through a dramatic prevalence increment and associated socioeconomic burdens. Initially Alzheimer's disease develops asymptomatically with primary clinical signs, such as memory impairment, decline of spatial and perceptual abilities, occurring at a later stage. This delay implies the possibility of promoting early interventions during the pre-symptomatic stage of the disease. Different strategies have been applied in order to prevent/delay onset of Alzheimer's disease or at least to improve quality of life and health conditions of Alzheimer's disease patients and their caregivers, especially in the absence of current viable therapies. Multidomain interventions, aimed at affecting several risk factors simultaneously, offer a versatility that may attain improved outcomes in comparison with single-domain prevention trials. These multidomain interventions involve diet, physical exercise, cognitive training and social activities, while music therapy, improving self-consciousness and reducing neurofibrils, may contribute to deceleration/delay onset of Alzheimer's disease progression. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides broad applications to improve quality of life and well-being of Alzheimer's disease patients and caregivers, suffering from psychological distress, as well as reducing additional public health costs.
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| 8. |
- Daria, Cipollone, et al.
(författare)
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Biological Therapeutics and Pharmacovigilance in Italy
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Autoimmune Disorders & Therapies. ; :1:102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological therapeutics (BTs) presents a novel frontier for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease and several other conditions. BTs constitute highly selective compounds targeted upon specific structures that may be proteins, receptors, or DNA sequences. In the case of autoimmune diseases, the use of BTs is directed against pro-inflammatory cytokines that exert a central role in the inflammatory machinery. In the present review, attention is focused upon BTs that inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines thereby blocking the inflammation, such as monoclonal antibodies (e.g. infliximab and adalimumab) and soluble receptors (e.g. etanercept). The interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 antagonists, anakinra and tocilizumab, rituximab, which decrease the number of circulating B-lymphocytes and abatacept, thereby counteracting T-lymphocyte activation, are described also. Despite the utility of BTs for patients presenting autoimmune diseases, they have been linked to opportunistic viral, bacterial, mycotic infections and to tumor cases. The occurrence of these pathologies is due to their immunosuppressive functions thereby requiring the meticulous monitoring by pharmacovigilance and drug safety techniques to assess risk analysis. Whether or not adverse drug events (ADEs) occur more frequently in patients administered BTs, compared to traditional drugs, is currently an essential topic of investigation.
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| 9. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Affectively Motivated: Affective Profiles, Motivation, Stress and Energy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Iranian Journal of Health Psychology. ; 2:2, s. 21-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We used the affective profiles model to investigate individual differences in motivation, stress andenergy. The aim was to replicate past findings, but we also focused on matched comparisons within individuals withaffective profiles that are similar in one affective dimension and differ in the other in order to predict changes whenindividuals increase/decrease their experience of positive or negative affect.Methods: A total of 567 participants answered the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, which was usedfor affective profiling; the Situational Motivation Scale, which measures intrinsic motivation, identified regulation,external regulation, and amotivation; and the Stress-Energy questionnaire.Results: Comparisons between the four different profiles, replicating the past findings, showed that individuals withhigh affective and self-fulfilling profile scored highest in intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, and energy, whilethey scored lowest in external motivation, amotivation, and the self-fulfilling profile, also lowest in stress. Additionally,the matched comparisons showed, for example, that levels of intrinsic motivation increase when negative affect levelsdecrease, and positive affect is kept high when positive affect decreases and negative affect is kept low.Conclusions: One important feature of the affective profiles model is the possibility to compare individuals thatare similar in one affect dimension but differ in the other (Garcia, 2011, 2017). This way of discussing individualdifferences helps to predict what changes could be expected when individuals increase or decrease their experience ofpositive or negative affect. Importantly, the direction of these changes cannot be addressed from cross-sectional data
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| 10. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The productive and happy agent: performance and positive emotions at call centres
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Happiness and Development. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 2049-2790 .- 2049-2804. ; 2:1, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study used a randomised trial design to address the question whether reporting performance is related to positive emotions at work. A total of 107 call centre agents were assigned to two conditions in which they either reported their performance for the past six-month before or after reporting their experience of different emotions at work. Agents who first reported their performance over a six-month period reported experiencing more positive emotions at work than those who reported their emotions first and their performance afterwards. The results suggest that thoughts about their own performance had a positive influence on positive emotions at work.
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