| 1. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Influence of noradrenaline denervation on MPTP-induced deficits in mice
- 2006
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In: Journal of neural transmission. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 113:9, s. 1119-1129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- C57/BL6 mice were administered either DSP4 (50 mg/kg, s.c., 30 min after injection of zimeldine, 20 Cemg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (saline) at 63 days of age. Three weeks later, one group (n = 10) of DSP4-treated and one group of vehicle-treated mice were administered MPTP (2 x 40 mg/kg, s.c., 24 hours between injections; the High dose groups), one group (n = 10) of DSP4-treated and one group of vehicle-treated mice were administered MPTP (2 x 20 mg/kg, s.c., 24 hours between injections; the Low dose groups), and one group (n = 10) of DSP4-treated and one group of vehicle-treated mice were administered vehicle. Three weeks later, all six groups were tested in motor activity test chambers, followed by injections of L-Dopa (20 mg/kg, s.c.), and then tested over a further 360 min in the activity test chambers. It was found that pretreatment with the selective NA neurotoxin, DSP4, deteriorated markedly the dose-dependent motor activity deficits observed in the vehicle pretreated MPTP treated mice. These 'ultra-deficits' in the spontaneous motor behaviour of MPTP-treated mice were observed over all three parameters: locomotion, rearing and total activity, and were restricted to the 1(st) and 2(nd) 20-min periods. Administration of L-Dopa (20 mg/kg) following the 60-min testing of spontaneous behaviour restored the motor activity of Vehicle + MPTP treated mice (neither the Vehicle + MPTP-Low nor the Vehicle + MPTP-High groups differed from the Vehicle-Vehicle group, here) but failed to do so in the DSP4 pretreated mice. Here, a dose-dependent deficit of L-Dopa-induced motor activity (over all three parameters) was obtained thereby offering further evidence of an 'ultra-deficit' of function due to previous denervation of the NA terminals. The present findings support the notion that severe damage to the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system, through systemic DSP4, disrupts the facilitatory influence on the nigrostriatal DA system, and interferes with the ability of the nigrostriatal pathway to compensate for or recover from marked injury, MPTP treatment.
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| 4. |
- Adrianson, Lillemor, et al.
(author)
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Cultural influences upon health, affect, self-esteem and impulsiveness : An Indonesian-Swedish comparison
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology. - : Consortia Academia Publishing. - 2243-7681 .- 2243-769X. ; 2:3, s. 25-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examines several personal attributes that distinguish the personal profiles of individuals, from Indonesian and Swedish cultures, according to self-reports of positive and negative effect, stress and energy, self-esteem, hospital anxiety and depression, dispositional optimism and health. Indonesian participants expressed both more PA and more NA than Swedish participants but less stress and a higher energy-stress quotient than the Swedish participants. Additionally, the former expressed a higher level of optimism and self-esteem, but also more depression, and less impulsiveness than the latter. Younger participants expressed less positive affect and more negative affect and impulsiveness than older participants who expressed both more stress and a higher energy stress quotient. Regression analyses indicated that PA was predicted by optimism and health whereas NA was predicted by anxiety and depression and impulsiveness and counter predicted by health. The present findings are discussed according to the notion of emotional regulation according to which individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal and suppression, and these individual differences have implications for affect, well-being, and social relationships.
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| 6. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Affective personality as cognitive-emotional presymptom profiles regulatory for self-reported health predispositions.
- 2008
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In: Neurotoxicity research. - 1029-8428. ; 14:1, s. 21-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three studies that examined the links between affective personality, as constructed from responses to the Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) Scale (PANAS), and individuals' self-report of self-esteem, intrinsic motivation and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) depression in high school students and persons in working occupations are described. Self-report estimations of several other neuropsychiatric and psychosocial variables including, the Uppsala Sleep Inventory (USI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) test, Dispositional optimism, Locus of control, the Subjective Stress Experience test (SSE) and the Stress-Energy (SE) test, were also derived. Marked effects due to affective personality type upon somatic and psychological stress, anxiety and depression, self-esteem, internal and external locus of control, optimism, stress and energy, intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, major sleep problems, problems falling asleep, and psychophysiological problems were observed; levels of self-esteem, self-motivation and BDI-depression all produced substantial effects on health and well-being. Regression analyses indicated PA was predicted by dispositional optimism (thrice), energy (thrice), and intrinsic motivation, and counter predicted by depression (twice) and stress (twice); and NA by anxiety (twice), stress (twice), psychological stress, identified regulation, BDI depression and psychophysiological problems, and counter predicted by internal locus of control and self-esteem. BDI-depression was predicted by negative affect, major sleep problems and psychophysiological problems (Study III), self-esteem by dispositional optimism and energy, and counter predicted by anxiety, depression and stress (Study I), and intrinsic motivation by dispositional optimism, energy, PA and self-esteem (Study II). These convergent findings are interpreted from a perspective of the cognitive-emotional expressions underlying behavioural or presymptomatic profiles presenting predispositions for health or ill health.
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| 7. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Affective Profiling to Determine Propensity for Empowerment or Disempowerment: Protective Attributes or Afflictive Proclivities in Depressive States and Well-Being
- 2015
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In: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 1:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A plethora of studies focusing on a ective personality attributes, positive a ect (PA) and negative a ect (NA), have measured ubiquitously self-reports of the Positive A ect and Negative A ect Schedule (PANAS), forming the basis of prevailing notions regarding health and well-being over di erent ethnical populations, gender and clinical and healthy volunteer populations [1-27]. Invariably, these studies have measured participants’ self-reported feelings of enthusiasm, activity, feelings of duty, control, strong, proud (i.e., PA) linking them to well- being, proneness to frequent exercise and agentic, cooperative, and spiritual behaviors (e.g., self-acceptance, goal-orientations, empathy, helpfulness, seeking support in faith, meaningfulness). In contrast, feelings such as anger, guilt, shame contempt, and distress (i.e., NA) are associated with anxiety, depressiveness, ill-being, rumination, inaction (e.g., low exercise frequency and passive leisure activities such as watching TV) and health problems. ese studies show that PA and NA ought to be viewed as separate entities, despite the temptation to view them as opposite poles on a continuum
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| 8. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Behavioural supersensitivity following neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine : Attenuation by MK-801
- 2007
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In: Neurotoxicity research. - 1029-8428 .- 1476-3524. ; 12:2, s. 113-124
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Male rat pups were administered 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 75 μg, intracisternally, 30 min after desipramine, 25 mg/kg, s.c.) on Days 1 or 2 after birth, or were sham-operated (receiving vehicle). In four experiments, the acute effects of apomorphine, with or without pretreatment with MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg), upon motor activity in test chambers was measured. Acute treatment with apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg) increased locomotor, rearing and total activity markedly compared to both the acute saline administered 6-OHDA rats and the sham-operated rats administered saline. Acute MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg) co-administered shortly before (5 min) apomorphine (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) reduced markedly locomotion and total activity in 6-OHDA-treated and sham-operated rats. Rearing behaviour was increased in both the 6-OHDA groups of rats. Acute MK-801 increased activity in the 6-OHDA-treated rats, which was not observed in sham-operated rats. At the 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg doses of apomorphine, neonatal 6-OHDA treament increased all three parameters of motor activity. Acute treatment with apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg) induced different effects on the motor activity of 6-OHDA-treated and sham-operated mice. In sham-operated rats apomorphine reduced motor activity during the 1st 30-min period but increased locomotion and total activity, but not rearing, during the 2nd and 3rd periods, whereas in 6-OHDA-treated rats, apomorphine increased locomotor, rearing and total activity markedly. Dopamine loss and serotonin elevation in the striatum and olfactory tubercle were confirmed. The present findings confirm the influence of non-competitive glutamate antagonists in attenuating the behavioural supersensitivity to dopamine antagonists.
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| 9. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Clinical staging in the pathophysiology of psychotic and affective disorders: facilitation of prognosis and treatment.
- 2010
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In: Neurotoxicity research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-3524 .- 1029-8428. ; 18:3-4, s. 211-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevailing utility, and indeed necessity, of clinical staging models applied in considerations of neuropsychiatric disease progressions is discussed from the perspectives of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective disorders, cannabis in schizopsychotic disorder, incidences of affect and psychosis, staging disorders in aging and the indices and prevalence of apathy. There would appear to be a strong current consensus that the pursuit of clinical staging of these and other brain disease states has contributed a systematic conceptual instrument to facilitate the better understanding, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment as derived from a multitude of genetic predispositions, symptoms and syndromes, early-onset and prodromal phases, recurrences and relapses, that have complicated the situation of the patient. Through a staging determination of the disorder, elements of diagnosis will describe the progression of symptoms/syndromes through pre-onset, prodromal, first-episode, recurrences and relapses, and treatment resistance thereby facilitating the eventual prognosis, intervention alternatives and treatment. This approach varies from observations of individuals at early stages of development (infancy, childhood, adolescece) to early middle age, in the case of diseases expressed through the aging processes. Essentially, the major contribution of the staging model may lie in the early identification, diagnosis, and treatments of disorders that afflict the brain and central nervous system.
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| 10. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive benefits of exercise intervention
- 2016
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In: Clinica Terapeutica. - 0009-9074 .- 1972-6007. ; 167:6, s. 180-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © Società Editrice Universo (SEU).Exercise, as a potent epigenetic regulator, implies the potential to counteract pathophysiological processes and alterations in most cardiovascular/respiratory cells and tissues not withstanding a paucity of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and doseresponse relationships. In the present account, the assets accruing from physical exercise and its influence upon executive functioning are examined. Under conditions of neuropsychiatric and neurologic ill-health, age-related deterioration of functional and biomarker indicators during healthy and disordered trajectories, neuroimmune and affective unbalance, and epigenetic pressures, exercise offers a large harvest of augmentations in health and well-being. Both animal models and human studies support the premise of manifest gains from regular exercise within several domains, besides cognitive function and mood, notably as the agency of a noninvasive, readily available therapeutic intervention.
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