| 1. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Quantification of Agentic and Communal Values in Adolescents’ Life Narratives
- 2014
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Ingår i: 167th American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, New York, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Life stories emphasize the narrative and self-organizing aspects of human behaviors and complement personality traits in explaining human identity. In contrast to most research on narratives in which the analysis is restricted to the researcher’s subjective evaluations and interpretations, we used computational methods to quantitatively investigate the relationship between personality and narratives events. Meta-cognitive strategies and principles that guide agentic (self-directedness; e.g., being autonomous, responsible and having self-control), communal (cooperativeness; e.g., showing empathy, helping behavior, and social tolerance), and transcendental (self-transcendence; e.g., the sense of being part of the whole universe) behavior were of special interest. We also investigated which pronouns were most common in relation to personality constructs that were significantly related to the narratives. Method Personality was assessed among 79 adolescents at one point in time using the NEO Personality Inventory – Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Six months later, adolescents were asked to write down the most positive or the most negative event that had happened to them in the last three months. Adolescents were explicitly instructed to answer the following questions within their narratives: What happened? Who were involved? Why do you think it happened? How did you feel when it happened? How do you think the involved persons felt? The descriptions were quantified using semantic spaces, a computational method in which the Latent Semantic Analysis algorithm generates a semantic representation of the narratives. This representation was used to study whether it predicted the personality measures. Results Only Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were predicted by the semantic representation of the narratives. High levels of Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were associated with plural pronouns (e.g., us), whereas low levels were associated with singular pronouns (e.g., one-self, mine). Conclusions Agentic and communal values are involved when adolescents describe positive and negative life experiences.
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| 2. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are related to the semantic representation of written narratives of positive and negative life events
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology of Well-Being. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2211-1522. ; 5:8, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We used a computational method to quantitatively investigate the relationship between personality and written narratives of life events. Agentic (i.e., self- directedness), communal (i.e., cooperativeness), and spiritual (self-transcendence) traits were of special interest because they represent individual differences in intentional val- ues and goals, in contrast to temperament traits, which describe individual differences in automatic responses to emotional stimuli. We also investigated which pronouns were most common in relation to personality constructs that were significantly related to the narratives. Methods: Personality was assessed among 79 adolescents at one point in time using the NEO Personality Inventory—Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the temperament and char- acter inventory (TCI). Six months later, adolescents were asked to write down the most positive or the most negative event that had happened to them in the last 3 months. Adolescents were explicitly instructed to answer the following questions within their narratives: What happened? Who were involved? Why do you think it happened? How did you feel when it happened? How do you think the involved persons felt? The descriptions were quantified using a computational method in which the latent semantic analysis algorithm generates a semantic representation of the narratives. Results: Only self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence were related to the semantic representation of the narratives. Moreover, cooperativeness and self- transcendence were associated with less frequent usage of singular pronouns (e.g., me respectively mine). Conclusions: Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are involved when adolescents describe positive and negative life experiences. Moreover, high levels of communal and spiritual traits are related to less self-focused narratives.
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| 3. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Using Language and Affective Profiles to Investigate Differences between Individuals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The affective profiles model (i.e., four possible profiles based on the combination of people’s high/low positive/negative affect) has led to a great number of studies on individual differences during the past ten years. Nevertheless, only a handful of these studies have investigated actual behavior. Here we put forward two ways for analyzing online behavior (i.e., Facebook status updates) using data published elsewhere. We used the affective profiles model as the framework to investigate individual differences in the words people use when they write on Facebook and the semantic content of their status updates. We suggest that the use of computerized methods to quantify and analyze text need to be used in order to move the affective profiles model into the era of big text data.
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| 4. |
- Kjell, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Iranian and Swedish adolescents: differences in personality traits and well-being
- 2013
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. This study addresses the need to further contextualize research on well-being (e.g., Kjell, 2011) in terms of cross-cultural aspects of personality traits among adolescents and by examining two different conceptualizations of well-being: subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e., positive relations with others, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, autonomy, personal growth, and life purpose). Methods. Iranian (N = 122, mean age 15.23 years) and Swedish (N = 109, mean age 16.69 years) adolescents were asked to fill out a Big Five personality test, as well as questionnaires assessing subjective well-being and psychological well-being. Results. Swedes reported higher subjective and psychological well-being, while Iranians reported higher degree of Agreeableness, Openness and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism and Extraversion did not differ between cultures. Neuroticism was related to well-being within both cultures. Openness was related to well-being only among Iranians, and Extraversion only among Swedes. A mediation analysis within the Swedish sample, the only sample meeting statistical criteria for mediation analysis to be conducted, demonstrated that psychological well-being mediated the relationship between Neuroticism and subjective well-being as well as between Extraversion and subjective well-being. Conclusions. Certain personality traits, such as Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness, relate differently to well-being measures across cultures. Meanwhile, Neuroticism seems to relate similarly across cultures at least with regard to subjective well-being. Furthermore, the results give an indication on how psychological well-being might mediate the relationship between certain personality traits and subjective well-being. Overall, the complexity of the results illustrates the need for more research whilst supporting the importance of contextualizing well-being research.
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| 5. |
- Moreno, Funes, et al.
(författare)
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Work Climate and Virtues Predict Positive Emotions and Performance at Call Centres
- 2013
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Ingår i: Third World Congress on Positive Psychology. June 27-30, 2013, Westin Bonaventure, Los Angeles.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Most call centres define performance as the percentage of the scheduled “time on the phone”. This specific type of work-design might imply unfavourable working conditions for employees affecting learning and well-being. The aim was to test work climate variables and character strengths that are related to positive emotions and performance at work. Method: In Study 1, agents (N = 280) self-reported emotions at work (Positive Affect, Negative Affect Schedule) and their perception of the work climate (Learning Climate Questionnaire). In study 2, agents (N = 104) self-reported character strengths (Virtues in Action), work climate, and five months later agents reported emotions at work. Performance (average percent of time on the phone each day) was assessed by the same system handling the calls over the five months period Results: Study 1 showed that all work climate variables were positively related to the experience of positive emotions at work. In Study 2, with the exception of Temperance, all virtues (Wisdom and Knowledge, Courage, Humanity and Love, Justice, and Transcendence) predicted positive emotions even when controlling for work climate. However, only Temperance predicted high performance. Conclusions: The study highlights different character strengths and virtues related to well-being and performance at call centres
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