| 1. |
- Drezner, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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International criteria for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: Consensus statement
- 2017
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Ingår i: Br J Sports Med. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674. ; 51:9, s. 704-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of mortality in athletes during sport. A variety of mostly hereditary, structural or electrical cardiac disorders are associated with SCD in young athletes, the majority of which can be identified or suggested by abnormalities on a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Whether used for diagnostic or screening purposes, physicians responsible for the cardiovascular care of athletes should be knowledgeable and competent in ECG interpretation in athletes. However, in most countries a shortage of physician expertise limits wider application of the ECG in the care of the athlete. A critical need exists for physician education in modern ECG interpretation that distinguishes normal physiological adaptations in athletes from distinctly abnormal findings suggestive of underlying pathology. Since the original 2010 European Society of Cardiology recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes, ECG standards have evolved quickly, advanced by a growing body of scientific data and investigations that both examine proposed criteria sets and establish new evidence to guide refinements. On 26-27 February 2015, an international group of experts in sports cardiology, inherited cardiac disease, and sports medicine convened in Seattle, Washington (USA), to update contemporary standards for ECG interpretation in athletes. The objective of the meeting was to define and revise ECG interpretation standards based on new and emerging research and to develop a clear guide to the proper evaluation of ECG abnormalities in athletes. This statement represents an international consensus for ECG interpretation in athletes and provides expert opinion-based recommendations linking specific ECG abnormalities and the secondary evaluation for conditions associated with SCD.
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| 2. |
- Sharma, S., et al.
(författare)
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International Recommendations for Electrocardiographic Interpretation in Athletes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097. ; 69:8, s. 1057-1075
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of mortality in athletes during sport. A variety of mostly hereditary, structural, or electrical cardiac disorders are associated with SCD in young athletes, the majority of which can be identified or suggested by abnormalities on a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Whether used for diagnostic or screening purposes, physicians responsible for the cardiovascular care of athletes should be knowledgeable and competent in ECG interpretation in athletes. However, in most countries a shortage of physician expertise limits wider application of the ECG in the care of the athlete. A critical need exists for physician education in modern ECG interpretation that distinguishes normal physiological adaptations in athletes from distinctly abnormal findings suggestive of underlying pathology. Since the original 2010 European Society of Cardiology recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes, ECG standards have evolved quickly over the last decade; pushed by a growing body of scientific data that both tests proposed criteria sets and establishes new evidence to guide refinements. On February 26-27, 2015, an international group of experts in sports cardiology, inherited cardiac disease, and sports medicine convened in Seattle, Washington, to update contemporary standards for ECG interpretation in athletes. The objective of the meeting was to define and revise ECG interpretation standards based on new and emerging research and to develop a clear guide to the proper evaluation of ECG abnormalities in athletes. This statement represents an international consensus for ECG interpretation in athletes and provides expert opinion-based recommendations linking specific ECG abnormalities and the secondary evaluation for conditions associated with SCD. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Cardiology Foundation. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Sharma, S., et al.
(författare)
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International recommendations for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 39:16, s. 1466-1480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of mortality in athletes during sport. A variety of mostly hereditary, structural, or electrical cardiac disorders are associated with SCD in young athletes, the majority of which can be identified or suggested by abnormalities on a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Whether used for diagnostic or screening purposes, physicians responsible for the cardiovascular care of athletes should be knowledgeable and competent in ECG interpretation in athletes. However, in most countries a shortage of physician expertise limits wider application of the ECG in the care of the athlete. A critical need exists for physician education in modern ECG interpretation that distinguishes normal physiological adaptations in athletes from distinctly abnormal findings suggestive of underlying pathology. Since the original 2010 European Society of Cardiology recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes, ECG standards have evolved quickly over the last decade; pushed by a growing body of scientific data that both tests proposed criteria sets and establishes new evidence to guide refinements. On 26-27 February 2015, an international group of experts in sports cardiology, inherited cardiac disease, and sports medicine convened in Seattle, Washington, to update contemporary standards for ECG interpretation in athletes. The objective of the meeting was to define and revise ECG interpretation standards based on new and emerging research and to develop a clear guide to the proper evaluation of ECG abnormalities in athletes. This statement represents an international consensus for ECG interpretation in athletes and provides expert opinion-based recommendations linking specific ECG abnormalities and the secondary evaluation for conditions associated with SCD.
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| 4. |
- Hammar, M., et al.
(författare)
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1300-nm GaAs-based vertical-cavity lasers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - Brugge : SPIE. ; , s. 137-149
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compare GaInNAs and highly strained InGaAs quantum-wells (QWs) for applications in metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE)-grown GaAs-based 1300-nm vertical-cavity lasers (VCLs). While the peak wavelength of InGaAs QWs can be extended by a small fraction of N, the luminescence efficiency degrades strongly with wavelength. On the other hand, using highly strained InGaAs QWs in combination with a large VCL detuning it is also possible to push the emission wavelength towards 1.3 ÎŒm. The optimized MOVPE growth conditions for such QW and VCL structures are discussed in some detail. It is noted that GaInNAs and InGaAs QWs preferably are grown at low temperature, but with quite different V/III ratios and growth rates. We also point out the importance of reduced doping concentration and growth temperature of the n-doped bottom distributed Bragg reflector to minimize optical loss and for compatibility with GaInNAs QWs. InGaAs VCLs with emission wavelengths beyond 1260 nm are demonstrated. This includes mW-range output power, mA-range threshold current and 10 Gb/s data transmission.
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| 5. |
- Mogg, S., et al.
(författare)
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1.3-ÎŒm InGaAs(N)/GaAs vertical-cavity lasers
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - San Jose, CA : SPIE. ; , s. 139-151
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present performance characteristics of metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy grown GaInNAs and InGaAs quantum-well (QW) vertical-cavity lasers (VCLs) for 1.3-Όm applications. The InGaAs VCLs emit in a wavelength range from 1200 to somewhat above 1260 nm, while the GaInNAs VCLs operate from 1265 to 1303 nm. The InGaAs VCLs are based on highly strained InGaAs double QWs, with photoluminescence (PL) maximum at around 1190 nm, and extensive negative gain-cavity detuning. As a consequence, these devices are strongly temperature sensitive and the minimum threshold current is found at very high temperature (∌90-100°C). Both kind of VCLs work continuous-wave well above 100°C, and while the InGaAs VCLs reach slightly higher light output power, they show significantly larger threshold currents. In addition, the large device detuning also has profound effects on the high-frequency response. Nevertheless, for a 1260-nm device, 10 Gb/s transmission is demonstrated in a back-to-back configuration. We also show that by further optimization of the InGaAs QWs the PL peak wavelength can be extended to at least 1240 nm. The incorporation of such QWs in the present VCL structure should considerably improve the device performance, resulting in higher light output power, lower threshold current, and reduced temperature sensitivity with a shift of the minimum threshold current towards room temperature, thus approaching standard VCL tuning.
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| 6. |
- Mogg, S., et al.
(författare)
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High-performance 1.2-ÎŒm Highly strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum well lasers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings - International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials. - Stockholm. ; , s. 107-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth and characterisation of high-performance 1.2-Όm highly strained InGaAs/GaAs single quantum well (SQW) laser diodes is reported. High output power in excess of 200 mW per facet was obtained from ridge-waveguide (RWG) lasers at an emission wavelength of 1230 nm. These lasers operate CW to at least 145°C and show a high characteristic temperature of 150 K. The net modal gain was measured using the method described by Hakki and Paoli.
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