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- Axelsson, Rikard, 1970-
(author)
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Cyanobacterial Hydrogen Metabolism : Transcriptional Regulation of the Hydrogenases in Filamentous Strains
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cyanobacteria are a heterogeneous group of phototrophic microorganisms. Many cyanobacteria have the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen. During the process of nitrogen fixation, molecular hydrogen is produced. Three enzymes are directly involved in hydrogen metabolism in cyanobacteria. A nitrogenase, evolving hydrogen during nitrogen-fixation, an uptake hydrogenase, recycling the hydrogen produced by nitrogenase, and a bidirectional hydrogenase that has the capacity to both take up and produce hydrogen. The main objective in this thesis was to examine the transcriptional regulation of both the uptake and the bidirectional hydrogenase in filamentous cyanobacteria.The transcriptional regulation of the uptake hydrogenase was demonstrated to be influenced by external conditions in Nostoc muscorum and Nostoc punctiforme. Nickel, molecular hydrogen, and anaerobic conditions all induced the relative amount of uptake hydrogenase transcript. In addition, a transcript could be detected in nitrogen-fixing, but not in non-nitrogen fixing conditions.The transcriptional regulation of the bidirectional hydrogenase in N. muscorum and Anabaena PCC 7120 was also examined. The relative amount of transcript from the bidirectional hydrogenase in both strains was demonstrated to increase during anaerobic conditions. Moreover, experiments using N. muscorum demonstrated that addition of nickel also increase the amount of transcript. However, no change in the relative amount of transcript from the bidirectional hydrogenase could be observed by additional hydrogen or during a shift from non-nitrogen fixing to nitrogen fixing conditions.The genes responsible for maturation of the hydrogenase were identified, cloned and sequenced in N. punctiforme. The transcription of the genes was examined and all genes were located on a single transcript. Like the uptake hydrogenase, a transcript could be detected under nitrogen-fixing but not under non-nitrogen fixing conditions. Initial studies, using microarrays, were used to analyse and compare the transcription of a large set of Anabaena PCC 7120 genes under non-nitrogen and nitrogen-fixing conditions. Both up- and down-regulated genes could be identified.This thesis advances the knowledge about the transcriptional regulation of the hydrogenases in filamentous cyanobacteria and can be used as a platform for further experiments aiming at a modified hydrogen metabolism.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Tobias, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Från något till synes stabilt och välbekant till något där konturerna bara skymtar
- 2020
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In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - : Stiftelsen Socialmedicinsk tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 97:2, s. 170-176
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna temaledare beskrivs temanumret "Maskulinitet i förändring" som helhet. Detta temanummer tar sin utgångspunkt i den nationella konferensserien med samma namn som temanumret. Konferensserien har arrangerats av Länsstyrelsen i Örebro län sedan 2010. Konferensserien återfinns i skärningspunkten mellan jämställdhetspolitik, jämställdhetsarbete och ett av genusforskningens underområden: kritiska studier av män och maskuliniteter. I temanumret uppmärksammas konferensen i sig själv – som ett exempel på samverkan mellan forskning, politik och praxis. Utöver detta innehåller temanumret artiklar som belyser olika aspekter av de teman som konferensserien tagit upp genom åren: våld, hälsa, idrott, utbildning, makt, föräldraskap, sexualitet, politik, kriminalitet och klimat.
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Eva, 1959-
(author)
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Symphysis Fundus Measurements for Detection of Intrauterine Growth Retardation
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A case-control study was performed to evaluate the Swedish population-based symphysis fundus (SF) reference curves. The study included 242 small for gestational age (SGA) neonates (169 term and 73 preterm infants) as cases and 296 non-SGA infants as controls. Two Swedish SF curves were evaluated. In term pregnancies they showed a sensitivity of 32 % and 51 % and a specificity of 90 % and 83 %, respectively, at a cut-off level of < - 2 SD from the mean according to the SF reference curve. The sensitivity for SGA was higher in preterm pregnancies (49 % and 58 %, respectively) and the first alarm below – 2 SD was noted before 32 weeks in 37 % and 43 % of the preterm pregnancies, respectively. (Study I) A study of self-administered SF measurements was designed to achieve more regular and frequent SF measurements. Thirty-three women with singleton, ultrasound dated pregnancies performed SF measurements on average 14 weeks from gestational week 20 to 25 until delivery. Self-administered SF measurements were higher and had higher variance than midwives’ measurements. Four consecutive SF measurements on each occasion can compensate for higher variance. Reliable self-administered SF measurements can be obtained. (Study II) Self-administered SF measurements from 191 women were used to construct absolute and relative SF growth references. The influence of fetal sex, maternal obesity and parity was assessed in regression models. The lnSF growth was statistically influenced by maternal obesity, and a borderline significance was recorded for fetal sex and parity. Statistical analysis and graphical displays show no evidence that the relative lnSF growth should be dependent on these variables. (Study III) To improve detection of infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rather than SGA a new statistical model (the SR method) was used. The SR method was evaluated with SF measurements from 1122 pregnant women. The sensitivity for neonatal morbidity and SGA was low, between 6 and 36 % for SGA (< -2SD). Neonates classified as SGA (< -2SD and < 10th percentile) had increased morbidity compared with the total study group. Neonates suspected to be SGA before delivery by the population-based SF measurement method had lower morbidity than those not suspected. The SR method was found not to improve detection of fetuses with increased morbidity or SGA neonates in this study. Better screening methods to detect IUGR and SGA prior to delivery are needed. (Study IV)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Giacobbo, B., et al.
(author)
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Metabolic changes in an animal model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by [F-18]-Fluorodeoxyglucose
- 2020
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In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 47:Suppl. 1, s. S638-S638
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aim/Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) isa fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects motorneurons, leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis, and eventuallyrespiratory failure. As with many other neurodegenerativedisorders, neuronal apoptosis is often associated with aloss of neuronal function and metabolic changes. [18F]-FDG is a well-validated biomarker to observe metabolicchanges in several brain disorders in humans, but its usein preclinical ALS research is not yet widespread. We aim tocompare [18F]-FDG uptake in SOD1G93A and wild-type beforethe development of terminal ALS symptoms.Materials and Methods: animals (6 SOD1WT, 7 SOD1G93A) were previouslygenotyped for mutant SOD1 using qPCR. When SOD1G93Aanimals started to develop ALS-like symptoms, animals werefasted for 4 hours and then injected intravenously with [18F]-FDG (injected dose of 10.8±2 MBq). One hour after injection,animals were placed in a microPET-CT scanner (MedisonanoPET-CT) and scanned (5 minutes for CT, 10 minutesfor PET). CT data was used for attenuation correction. Afterreconstruction, data were coregistered to an MRI templateand brain VOIs were created for several regions and dividedbetween left and right hemispheres using the Allen mousebrain atlas as a VOI template and the uptake of each ROIwas calculated to the whole-brain (SUVR) with T-test.P<0.05 was used for statistical significance.Results: OurSUVR data suggest a significant metabolic deregulationin SOD1G93A animals when analyzing [18F]-FDG in the brain.There was significant hypometabolism in anterior cingulatecortex (9% decrease in SOD1G93A vs. SOD1WT for both left and right hemispheres), in left entorhinal cortex (14%decrease), left hippocampus (12% decrease), right noseassociated primary somatosensory cortex (6% decrease),left supplementary somatosensory cortex (8% decrease),thalamus (11% and 8% for left and right, respectively),and right vermal region of the cerebellum (9% decrease).Hypermetabolism was, on the other hand, found in pallidum(12% increase in SOD1G93A vs. SOD1WT), lateral amygdala (41%and 64% increase in left and right, respectively), and corticalamygdala (98% increase for both left and right).Conclusion:These preliminary findings suggest a significant metabolicderegulation in animals with mutant SOD1 that developALS disease. Since animals were scanned after developingALS symptoms, further studies aimed to study brainmetabolism with [18F]-FDG in prodromal stages of diseaseare warranted. This would provide us better insight intothe usefulness of metabolic radiotracers for the detectionof disease onset and progression, as well as the efficacy oftherapeutic treatment strategies.References: None
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Annie, a Tool for Integrating Ergonomics in the Design of Car Interiors
- 1999
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Axelsson at the Department for Work Environment) there some of the authors. (Engström) gained extensive grants (Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found).
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| 9. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Eye and Body Movements Characterized by Synchronized Sampling
- 1998
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Akselsson at the Department of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology) there some of the authors. (Engström) gained extensive grants (EU-financing and Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found). This publication was a result of the just mentioned EU-financing.
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| 10. |
- Hildebrand, Eric
(author)
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Prenatal diagnosis of structural malformations and chromosome anomalies : Detection, influence of Body Mass Index and ways to improve screening
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis of structural malformations and chromosome anomalies is possible in the presence of an effective screening with ultrasound during pregnancy. The continuous evolution of the ultrasound equipment facilitates the examination. However there are challenges in terms of the increasing prevalence of obesity among the pregnant women and the need of training of the personnel performing the scans. In the Southeast region of Sweden all pregnant women are offered screening with ultrasound during pregnancy. From 2009 almost all women in the region are offered two examinations, one in week 11-14 assessment of gestational age and combined screening for aneuploidy. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital defect. About one third of the CHD cases will have a duct-dependent anomaly that is potentially life-threatening if not detected before birth.Aims: To assess the sensitivity for detecting structural malformations and chromosome anomalies by a routine ultrasound either in gestational week 11-14 or 18-20. To estimate the influence of a high Body Mass Index (BMI) in detecting fetal structural anomalies by ultrasound. To evaluate the possibility for introducing a more accurate fetal cardiac ultrasound screening based on five different transverse views and color Doppler. To determine if the risk-estimate for trisomy 21 from the screening procedure varies over BMI strata and if obesity is associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome in the offspring.Material and methods: Outcome measures from 21189 consecutive ultrasound examinations in the first and second trimester were analyzed and compared. The fetal anomaly diagnoses were also grouped in four BMI-groups. Then, a two-day course in examining of the fetal heart was given, analyzed and followed up. To evaluate the effect of BMI on the combined screening, 10224 patients were divided in six BMI categories. Outcomes were evaluated over BMI strata. The possibility of an association between maternal obesity and Down syndrome was analyzed in a nationwide cohort of 1568604 women giving birth in Sweden.Results: At the first trimester scan 13% of all anomalies were detected vs 29% in the second trimester. For aneuploidy the corresponding results were 71% vs 42%, and for lethal anomalies 88% vs 92%. If divided into BMI-groups 26% of the malformations were detected in the group of normal weight women compared to 19% among the obese. For malformations with long-term handicap the corresponding figures were 46% vs 27%. After the course in examination of the fetal heart uncertainty was lower and the familiarity with the new technique was enhanced. The ability to perform the new method remained at follow up. In the combined screening, the observed and expected number with a risk of Downs syndrome >1/300 were similar in each BMI-group. Obese women had an increased risk of giving birth to an infant with Downs syndrome compared with normal weight women.Conclusions: There was an advantage to the scan in the second trimester discovering malformations overall and an advantage to the early scan concerning aneuploidy. Lethal malformations were detected at a high level in both groups. The detection rate seemed lower for the obese women. In the screening for Down syndrome, the risk-estimate is unaffected by BMI. Detection of heart malformations needs improvement. By implementing new image modalities and providing hands-on training uncertainty in examining the fetal heart can be reduced.
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