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- Khan, Amir Sada, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 1 - Conversion of biomass to chemicals using ionic liquids
- 2020
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Ingår i: Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 1-30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to platform chemicals using ionic liquids (ILs), it was concluded that ILs have dual functions and can be used as catalyst and solvent for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) from lignocellulosic biomass. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to chemicals depends upon the nature of feedstocks and structure of ILs. The yield of 5-HMF and LA from fructose and glucose is higher than cellulose and lignocellulose. Among the various available ILs, the acidic ionic liquids (AILs) such as [C3SO3Hmim][HSO4], [C4SO3Hmim][HSO4], [C3SO3Hmim][CH3SO3], [C3SO3Hmim][Cl], [C3SO3Hmim][CF3SO3], and [C3SO3HPy][HSO4] showed better yield of 5-HMF and LA. The imidazolium-based ILs that contain acidic functional group such HSO4 and Cl anion resulted in higher yield of LA and 5-5-HMF, respectively. Therefore it is essential to synthesize such ILs that have acidic functional group in their structure for the direct conversion of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass to 5-HMF and LA.
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| 2. |
- Khan, Amir Sada, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Levulinic Acid Using Acidic Ionic Liquids
- 2018
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 181, s. 208-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present research work, dicationic ionic liquids, containing 1,1-Bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl) butylene ([C4(Mim)2]) cation with counter anions [(2HSO4)(H2SO4)0], [(2HSO4)(H2SO4)2] and [(2HSO4)(H2SO4)4] were synthesised. ILs structures were confirmed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thermal stability, Hammett acidity, density and viscosity of ILs were determined. Various types of lignocellulosic biomass such as rubber wood, palm oil frond, bamboo and rice husk were converted into LA. Among the synthesized ionic liquids, [C4(Mim)2][(2HSO4)(H2SO4)4] showed higher % yield of LA up to 47.52 from bamboo biomass at 100 °C for 60 min, which is the better yield at low temperature and short time compared to previous reports. Surface morphology, surface functional groups and thermal stability of bamboo before and after conversion into LA were studied using SEM, FTIR and TGA analysis, respectively. This one-pot production of levulinic acid from agro-waste will open new opportunity for the conversion of sustainable biomass resources into valuable chemicals.
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