| 1. |
- Aksel Jacobsen, Freja, et al.
(författare)
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A Role for the Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Abl2/Arg in Experimental Neuroinflammation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. - New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1557-1890 .- 1557-1904. ; 13:2, s. 265-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory degenerative disease, caused by activated immune cells infiltrating the CNS. The disease etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors. The mouse genetic locus, Eae27, linked to disease development in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model for multiple sclerosis, was studied in order to identify contributing disease susceptibility factors and potential drug targets for multiple sclerosis. Studies of an Eae27 congenic mouse strain, revealed that genetic variation within Eae27 influences EAE development. The Abl2 gene, encoding the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Arg, is located in the 4,1 megabase pair long Eae27 region. The Arg protein plays an important role in cellular regulation and is, in addition, involved in signaling through the B- and T-cell receptors, important for the autoimmune response. The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism causing an amino acid change in a near actin-interacting domain of Arg, in addition to altered lymphocyte activation in the congenic mice upon immunization with myelin antigen, makes Abl2/Arg a candidate gene for EAE. Here we demonstrate that the non-synonymous SNP does not change Arg’s binding affinity for F-actin but suggest a role for Abl kinases in CNS inflammation pathogenesis by showing that pharmacological inhibition of Abl kinases ameliorates EAE, but not experimental arthritis. © 2018 The Author(s)
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| 2. |
- Bladh, Greta, 1984-
(författare)
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Moving thresholds : body narratives within the vicinity of gym and fitness culture
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates thresholds that impede bodies from moving to, and within, gym and fitness sites. Thresholds are here understood as gendered social constructs and norms, which direct bodies in certain ways, and thus circumscribing potential movements and capabilities. The study’s initial entry point was at a gym, here referred to as The Club which had in its statutes proclaimed to work in a norm critical way. This was an attempt to promote a more inclusive environment, and thus lowering certain thresholds for movement, in that members otherwise discouraged to enter other general gyms, found this particular gym open and “chill”. By conducting participatory observations, interviews, and collective memory exercises, this study is an effort to identify experiences otherwise seen as mundane and ordinary, such as working out at the gym, as conditioned under certain power relations.Aided by a theoretical framework combining poststructuralism and phenomenology, a narrative and deconstructive approach directed the analysis of the empirical material. The results showed that the specific case of the Club entailed how the work for inclusiveness, and thus lowering certain thresholds, entailed other forms of thresholding, in that in order to insure an inclusive environment, a certain amount of emotional work from the members of the Club was required. This meant that the cost of an inclusive and open environment is a balancing act on an emotional tightrope, which in turn indicated that the work to be norm critical entailed vulnerable inclusiveness. Further, even though participants were critically aware of repressive gender norms circumscribing their range of movement, the possibility of other movements were still at a threshold. This was due to their corporeal historic background of experiences of hierarchical binary gender norms, which still lingered under the skin. In this thesis, this corporeal background is referred to as body narrative, an attempt to displace a binary gendered framing of the perception of bodies. However, despite the participants’ reflexive stance towards repressive gender norms, their range of motion were still at a threshold, colored by past experiences, which in turn binds our eyes to what is perceivable, signifying how emancipation can never reach an end, but is rather a continuous process, always aiming, little by little, to displace thresholds of movement.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bäckström, Ingela, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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What values are included in Quality Culture? – A theoretical and practical collaboration
- 2016
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Ingår i: Building a Culture for Quality, Innovation and Sustainability.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe a collaboration between academia and practitioners where the aim was reach agreement on the Quality Culture content.Methodology/approach – A project with the aim to measure and develop Quality Culture started in 2015. The overall aim of the project was to create new knowledge and insights about 1) what quality culture is, 2) what quality culture consists of, 3) how quality culture can be measured and 4) how it can be developed. In this paper the work to meet the first and second aim and the results of that work are presented.Findings – A framework for quality culture consisting of supportive and obstructive behaviours developed in collaboration between academia and practitioners. The paper includes a description of how practitioners and researchers can work together to develop a shared set of values.
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| 5. |
- Bäckström, Marice, et al.
(författare)
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On the edge of decision-making in trauma care: A focus group study on radiographers’ experiences of interprofessional collaboration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 29:6, s. 1123-1129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The temporary trauma teams in trauma alerts consist of a diverse group of unique professionals requiring interprofessional collaboration and coordination to achieve efficient, high-quality care. The uncertain situation and complex care environment impose high demands on team dynamics such as individual attitudes and team behaviours. Within interprofessional teams, interaction and coordination reflect the collective success of collaboration and the achievement of goals. Interactions with radiographers have increased in trauma teams given computed tomography's prominent role in providing crucial knowledge for decision-making in trauma care. This study aimed to explore radiographers' experiences of interprofessional collaboration during trauma alerts.Method: The study was designed with focus group methodology, including 17 radiographers participating in five focus groups, analysed with an inductive focus group analysis.Results: An overarching theme, “On the edge of decision-making”, emerged along with three sub-themes: “Feeling included requires acknowledgement”, “Exclusion precludes shared knowledge”, and “Experience and mutual awareness facilitate team interaction”.Conclusions: Interprofessional collaboration from the radiographer's perspective within trauma teams requires a sense of inclusion and the ability to interact with the team. Exclusion from vital decision-making obstructs radiographers' comprehension of situations and thereby the interdependence in interprofessional collaboration. Implications for practice: Common platforms are needed for knowledge sharing and team practices, including radiographers’ areas of responsibility and relational coordination to foster interprofessional relationships. Through these means interdependence through awareness and shared knowledge can be facilitated on trauma teams.
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| 6. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
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Balancing the senses : Experiences of learning in indoor skateboarding
- 2010
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Ingår i: Designs for learning.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor skate parks are purpose built environments for physical activity and bodies in motion. These settings are designed places of learning in both social and material respects. Skate parks in Sweden are usually large halls in buildings previously used for industries, now filled with wooden and sometimes concrete constructions. The solid and rough material consolidates the environment as hard and durable. Ceilings are most often high which influence the acoustics. The sound level is elevated from the noise of board riding on the wooden constructions, besides music from loud speakers adds to the aural experience. In spite of, or thanks to, the strident soundscape it is common by skateboarders to use a personal music device such as an mp3-player or the equivalent when skateboarding. The purpose of this paper is to discuss sensory and affective learning processes in relation to indoor skateboarding. In focus is the crossroads between senses, affect, place and learning. Empirical results are drawn from an ongoing ethnographic study on predominantly female skateboarding, embodied knowledge and board sport culture. The empirical material consists of field notes (in written, auditory and visual form), interviews and examples from media such as videos, magazines and internet pages. The aural sense and its capacity to include and exclude other sensory experiences, mainly balance, is examined and associated with affective incitement. Sharing and non-sharing spaces and experiences are discussed. The paper draws theoretically in large from the anthropological research on the senses in culture, and the psychology of affect. In addition the paper pays particular interest to the idea of “the risk of experience that is learning” (Ellsworth 2005).
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| 7. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Dealing with Douglas' perspective on doping : Sharp lines and borderlands
- 2022
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts: 2022 EASS & ISSAWORLD CONGRESS OF SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT. ; , s. 204-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This presentation critically explores elite athletes’ accounts on the anti-doping system and how ideas of purity and danger shape their experiences and practices within it. Theoretically, we draw from Mary Douglas’ influential ideas on purity and danger. These ideas encompass the idea that separating dirtiness from cleanliness provides a way to systematically create and maintain symbolic, societal and cultural order. Data from 13 qualitative interviews with elite athletes in three different sports dispersed over five geographical continents was analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis shows a strict conviction of the importance to distinguish the pure from the impure, in our study played out as practices and experiences of assurance, intimidation and shaming. The danger of breaching the sharp line between purity and danger had to be handled by the individual athletes through taking precise measures to avoid pollution. The elite athletes’ bodies become the places where boundaries can be built, and sharp limits arise. A conclusion is that the athletes have much to gain from becoming ‘guardians of purity’. We caution, however, that such positioning implicates symbolic values on cleanliness that may simultaneously infer others’ dirtiness.
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| 8. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
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Dialogues of Dominance and Division : Skaters and Skater Girls Juxtaposing Gender
- 2010
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Ingår i: Centers and Peripheries in Sport.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skateboarding is known as a predominately male activity; however, there are female skateboarders and they are growing in number internationally. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how female gender and feminist issues appear and are negotiated by female skateboarders in ethnographically documented dialogues in a local setting. The dialogues are historically, socially and culturally contextualised invoking mediated discourses on female skateboarding. My assumption is that mediated discourses interact with local practice in an intricate way. This paper will hopefully shed some light on this interaction as well as works on femininity (and masculinity) in skateboarding and other board sports. In addition how female attendance is promoted. Theoretically, the paper draws on post structurally influenced cultural studies and theories of gender. The paper discusses practices of gender division and images of girls and women in board sports and their media from a feminist perspective. In this context, inviting pain as a girl has been interpreted as a way of challenging unappreciated forms of femininity. Accidents and falls are portrayed in niche media, both in print and television programmes, as evidence of courage and authenticity. However, there are alternatives to the aggressive femininity in recent media forms, such as blogs and personal web pages. But replacing one alternative of femininity with another raises new questions. The ambiguities of discourses put girls and women in a position where they are empowered subjects using their own micro-media, and, at the same time, tend to preserve ‘the separate-and-different-cultures model’ when it comes to gender.
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| 9. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
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Forty Years of Transformations : Swedish Skateboarding Culture and Organisation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Managing Sport in a Changing Europe. ; , s. 285-286
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty Years of Transformations - Swedish Skateboarding Culture and OrganisationAimThe aim of this presentation is to sum up findings from ethnographic and historic datacollected for a period of twenty years in order to outline the transformations of skateboardingculture and organisation in Sweden from the 1970’s to present day.Theoretical Background and Literature ReviewSkateboarding has a celebrated subversive past claiming heritage from Californian surferssneaking into emptied backyard swimming pools during summer draught. The (hi)story hasbeen commemorated through the classic movie Dogtown and the Z-boys. Ever since, socialresistance has been part and parcel of skateboarding’s cultural image (Borden, 2001).Although stemming from subcultural and underground practices, skateboarding has nowreached worldwide audiences through X-games. In June this year, the sport’s firstinternational conference titled Pushing boarders was held in London. It gathered academicscholars, skateboarders and engaged people from the industry. Moreover, in 2020,skateboarding will be launched as a new sport in the Olympic Games. Skateboarders onceopposing the sport industry and nine-five-jobs have transformed from core practitioners toconsumers (Dinces, 2011; Dupont, 2014; Lombard, 2010). This depicts a transformation fromsubculture to a professionalised sport, at least for some and in some places. In Sweden,parallel to these trends, skateboarding contrastingly formed a national federation under theNational Sports Confederation (RF) for the first time 2013.Research Design and Data AnalysisThrough four ethnographic projects extending over two decades, and related historicalmaterial, this presentation draws from participant observation and multiple empiricalmaterials. Ethnography has the potential to capture “inside” views of everyday life (Atkinson,2014). The research participants are diverse in terms of age, gender and positions in the fieldetc. The data includes interviews, photographs and various media in both printed and digitalfrom. It contains both commercial and non-commercial content and spans from the late1970’s until present day. The semi-structured interviews follow thematically structured guidesand were conducted face-to-face with snowball samples. For this presentation Stamm andLamprecht’s (1998) model for describing the life cycle of trend sports is used as a startingpoint for a thematic content analysis over time. The model indicates the interrelation oftechnological innovation, marketing and socio-cultural factors.Findings and DiscussionEvery stage in Stamm and Lamprecht’s (1998) model is characterized by different degrees ofcommercialisation, as well as diverse types of organisation and various degrees ofrecognition. The trend sports are also pursued by different groups; in the early stages pioneersand further on by young people in subcultures, followed by athletes in the fourth stage toanybody in the final stage. Confrontation against the established sport organisations andglorification of a presumed authentic past is part of the third stage. This is followed byfashion in mainstream culture as part of the fourth stage.298It is argued that skateboarding in Sweden to some extent has followed this model. Numerousexamples point to the fourth stage characterized by maturation and diffusion. For instance it ispossible for practitioners to make a living from skateboarding in various ways; skateboardingis popular in mass media; goods are mass produces and skateboarding has been integrated incertain school forms. In short, processes of commercialisation and professionalization arepresent.The straight forward processes proposed in the model are however complicated byskateboarding in Sweden since 2013 being formally organized though the National SportsConfederation. Through this organisation some skateboarders are now part and parcel ofmainstream sports, however their subcultural ideas persist, not least when it comes toleadership and coaching. This is paradoxically partly challenging the National SportsConfederation in that funding systems are urged to be re-negotiated. Simultaneously, theSwedish skateboarding association opens up activities for inclusion and equality urged by theNational Sports Confederation.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe presentation contributes with new empirical findings on the socio-cultural developmentof skateboarding in Sweden and beyond, which confirms but also complicates the straightforward model of the life cycle of trend sports. Skateboarding has gone from innovativephysical activity recognised by few, to highly commercialised and familiar, but it is also anational association with no commercial profit promoting democratic values.ReferencesAtkinson, P. (2014). For Ethnography. London: Sage.Borden, I. (2001). Skateboarding, Space and the City: Architecture and the Body. New York: Berg.Dinces, S. (2011). ‘Flexible Opposition’: Skateboarding Subcultures under the Rubric of LateCapitalism. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 28(11), 1512-1535.Dupont, T. (2014). From Core to Consumer: The Informal Hierarchy of the Skateboard Scene. Journalof Contemporary Ethnography, 43(5), 556-581.Lombard, K. (2010). Skate and create/skate and destroy: The commercial and governmentalincorporation of skateboarding. Continuum: Journal Of Media & Cultural Studies, 24(4),475-488.Stamm, H-P. & Lamprecht, B. (1998) The life cycle of trend sports. In: C. Jaccoud & Y. Pedrazzini(Eds) Glisser dans la ville: les politiques sportives a` l’e’preuve des sports de rue[Gliding in the street: sporting politics related to street sports], Acts from the Neuchâtel.Colloquium of the 18th and 19th Septembre 1997 (Neuchâtel, Editions CIES).
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| 10. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
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Gender manoeuvring in Swedish skateboarding : negotiations of femininities and the hierarchical gender structure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Young - Nordic Journal of Youth Research. - Los Angeles : SAGE Publications. - 1103-3088 .- 1741-3222. ; 21:1, s. 29-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries score high gender equality ratings and we have a long tradition of working with feminist agendas promising liberal futures to both young women and men. Still, today’s young women struggle to make room for female participation in male-dominated space. Based on ethnographic research, this article explores gender manoeuvring, i.e. manipulations of the relationship between masculinity and femininity in the patterned beliefs and activities of Swedish skateboarding. The three most apparent femininities in the empirical material, ‘the tomboy’, ‘the bitch’, and ‘the lesbian’, are discussed and how they sometimes give rise to gender manoeuvring and sometimes not. It is argued that the formation of a national network harnessing feminist strategies has been successful in making space for female skateboarding in local skateparks and the mainstream media. The negotiations these actions result in have the potential to transform the hierarchical gender order between and among masculinities and femininities. However, simultaneous tendencies to preserve the unequal gender structure through valuing both hegemonic masculinity and femininity become visible.
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