| 1. |
- Balldin, J, et al.
(författare)
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A 6-month controlled naltrexone study: Combined effect with cognitive behavioral therapy in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence
- 2003
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In several studies, patients with alcohol dependence treated with the opioid antagonist naltrexone have shown fewer relapses to heavy drinking than those receiving placebo. An interaction between the naltrexone effect and the type of psychological therapy has been observed. Methods: A 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was performed at 10 different investigation sites. After a placebo run-in period of 1 week, 118 patients were randomized into 4 treatment groups—50 mg of naltrexone daily or placebo in combination with either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or supportive therapy. The CBT was performed over nine sessions according to the manual of Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity). The supportive therapy was defined as "the treatment as usual." Alcohol consumption, craving, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, medication compliance by tablet count, and adverse clinical events were assessed at all visits. Other liver enzymes and psychiatric symptoms were also determined. Results: Ninety-one (77%) patients completed the study, and 92 (78%) were 80% compliant with the medication regimen. A lower percentage of heavy-drinking days was shown in the naltrexone group (p = 0.045) compared with the placebo group, as was a lower craving score (p = 0.029). These results are supported by the lower levels of liver enzyme activities (p < 0.010 for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase), but not by the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels, in the naltrexone group. The mean time period before the first day of heavy drinking was longer for the group treated with CBT (p = 0.010), especially in combination with naltrexone (p = 0.007). Naltrexone was well tolerated, and no patients discontinued the study due to side effects. Conclusions: This study supports the effect of naltrexone in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence and suggests that a beneficial interaction effect with CBT can be expected.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Alcoholics with the dopamine receptor DRD2 A1 allele have lower platelet monoamine oxidase-B activity than those with the A2 allele: a preliminary study.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). - 0735-0414. ; 35:5, s. 493-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity and the presence of the Taq1 A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene have independently been proposed as 'biological/genetic' markers for alcoholism. In the present study, the relationship between these two markers was investigated in a group of socially stable Caucasian middle-aged men with a mean (+/-SD) daily ethanol consumption of 85 +/- 57 g. The platelet MAO-B activity was significantly lower in individuals with the DRD2 A1 allele (n = 8), compared to those without it (n = 29). This relationship remained unchanged when including only subjects who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence (n = 27). The finding suggests that alcoholics who are carriers of the DRD2 A1 allele may have lower platelet MAO-B activity.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Balldin, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Color vision with rapid-onset acceleration
- 2003
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Ingår i: Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. - 0095-6562 .- 1943-4448. ; 74:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Bendz, H., et al.
(författare)
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Kidney damage in long-term lithium patients : A cross-sectional study of patients with 15 years or more on lithium
- 1994
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Ingår i: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. - 0931-0509. ; 9:9, s. 1357-1357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The renal risks associated with long-term lithium treatment are a growing concern. We have therefore studied renal function by means of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and maximum urinary concentrating capacity (Umax) in 142 of 215 patients with more than 15 years of lithium treatment in nine psychiatric clinics. Data on psychiatric and somatic diseases, hospital admissions, cumulative lithium doses, and other psychotropic treatments were extracted from the medical records. The patients were investigated according to a standardized protocol. GFR was measured as51Cr EDTA clearance and Umax using the DDAVP test. Thirteen patients had had signs of lithium intoxication. GFR was reduced in 21% of the patients and Umax in 44%. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was present in 12%. Umax but not GFR was inversely correlated to the cumulative lithium dose. Kidney function was more reduced in patients on lithium combined with psychotropic treatment and/or concomitant treatment for somatic disorders. Thirst was a complaint of 53% of the patients, predominantly those with additional psychotropics. We conclude that kidney damage is common in patients on long-term lithium treatment and that both glomerular and tubular function are affected.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Berggren, U, et al.
(författare)
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Subsensitive alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in male alcohol-dependent individuals during 6 months of abstinence.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Drug and alcohol dependence. - 0376-8716. ; 57:3, s. 255-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postsynaptic alpha-2-receptor function, as assessed by growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine (CLON), has been shown to be downregulated in patients investigated in acute but also in late withdrawal after heavy alcohol intake. The results are however sometimes conflicting. The question whether this changed receptor function is a trait or state marker is not fully investigated so far. A total of seven male patients with alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV were assessed for the postsynaptic alpha-2-receptor function with the CLON/GH test (2.0 microg/kg body weight; i.v.) starting immediately after a period of heavy drinking. Neuroendocrine tests were repeated after 7 days, 2 and 6 months. A total of six healthy males were used as controls. The maximum GH responses to CLON were significantly lower on all four test occasions in the patient group as compared to the controls. Furthermore, in the patient group all neuroendocrine test results showed blunted GH responses to CLON. Thus, patients with downregulated alpha-2-receptor function during acute withdrawal after heavy alcohol intake showed similar subsensitive receptor function abnormality after a prolonged period of abstinence. The findings in this study indicate that alcohol dependent individuals have a persistent subsensitive alpha-2-adrenoceptor function which may constitute a trait factor for alcohol dependence.
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| 9. |
- Berggren, U, et al.
(författare)
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Transient increase in platelet monoamine oxidase b activity during early abstinence in alcoholics: implications for research.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). - 0735-0414. ; 35:4, s. 377-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some earlier studies have suggested that platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B activity should be determined at time points other than early in the abstinence phase. However, the optimal times for blood sampling have not been precisely defined. We therefore assessed platelet MAO-B activity repeatedly in 13 male alcohol-dependent patients over the 2 months after the end of a period of heavy alcohol intake. Twelve healthy men were used as controls. In the alcohol-dependent patients, platelet MAO-B activity was transiently increased from 2 to 6 weeks after the end of alcohol intake and the values during this time period were not different from those of controls. Platelet MAO-B activity was, however, significantly lower in the alcohol-dependent patients at 1 week and at 2 months after the end of alcohol intake, in comparison to controls. It is concluded that the transient increase in platelet MAO-B activity after the end of alcohol intake in alcohol-dependent patients may conceal a difference from a control group. Therefore, it is suggested that when platelet MAO-B activity is determined, the preferential time point for obtaining those values in alcohol-dependent patients is after 2 months of abstinence.
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| 10. |
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