| 1. |
- Bartosiewicz, Laszlo, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Animal Exploitation in Medieval Hungary
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Economy of Medieval Hungary. - Leiden : Brill Academic Publishers. - 9789004310155 ; , s. 113-165
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last few years there has been an upswing in interest in animal stud-ies among medievalists. Historical research into medieval animal husbandry and the use of related products has intensified in terms of the analysis of docu-mentary (and to some extent, iconographic) sources, but the help of archae-ologists has also been enlisted. Eventually, the study of animal bone finds also began, although this type of inquiry is far better developed in the field of pre-historic archaeology: in the absence of written sources, prehistorians had to turn to less spectacular evidence, including animal remains. Archaeozoology is devoted to the identification, analysis and interpretation of animal remains from archaeological sites. Although the detailed analysis of written sources and animal iconography fall outside the scope of archaeozoology, familiarity with this process is indispensable for properly interpreting the archaeological traces of medieval animal exploitation.
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| 2. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 3. |
- Bartosiewicz, László, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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A dog’s life : Interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary
- 2023
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Ingår i: Anthropozoologica. - : Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. - 0761-3032 .- 2107-0881. ; 58:2, s. 9-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of all domestic animals, dogs (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) have developed the tightest bond with humans during the history of civilization. Regardless of their chronological affiliation, articulated dog skeletons discovered in structured deposits show individuals within their biological contexts; their ageing and sexing are usually possible and even pathological histories can be reconstructed. This presentation is a concise review of five Migration Period (5th-6th century CE) deposits from western Hungary, the former territory of Roman Pannonia province. These burials are examples of dogs being interred with other animals as well as humans under various circumstances. The integration of multidisciplinary information in reconstructing both the morphotype and likely socio-cultural status of 13 individuals showed the presence of unusually large dogs in human burials by both late Antique and present-day standards. This raises the question of whether these large dogs were associated with humans or occasions that were seen as particularly significant. Could any large dog be added to the burial of a human considered important enough? The dualistic perceptions of dogs in the historical/ethnographic record offer a broad range of interpretations. The results of high-resolution zoological analysis provided by complete dog skeletons can contribute to a better understanding of dog-human relationships as well as the perception and value of individual dogs to people.
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| 4. |
- Bartosiewicz, László, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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A High-Resolution Study of Bronze Age Fish Remains from Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary / Százhalombatta-Földvár bronzkori halmaradványainak nagy felbontású vizsgálata
- 2024
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Ingår i: Folia Archaeologica. - 0133-2023 .- 2939-5887. ; 58, s. 17-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Kárpát-medence őskori halászatára vonatkozó régészeti állattani adatok hiányát gyakran a nem megfelelő gyűjtési módszerekkel magyarázzák. A halcsontok törékenységük és kis méretük miatt észrevétlenek maradhatnak a kézi gyűjtés során, az így létrehozott leletegyüttesek aránytalanul jobban képviselik a nagy állatfajokat. Cikkünk a Duna jobb partján fekvő Százhalombatta-Földvár bronzkori tell lelőhelyéről egy évtizeden keresztül vett talajmintákban talált állatmaradványok elemzésén alapul. A 20 × 20 m-es feltárási területen véletlenszerűen kiválasztott oszlopokban vett 10 l-es minták flotálása után maradt nehéz frakció állattani leleteit vizsgáltuk. Tanulmányunk alapfeltétele a mintavételi módszer következetes kidolgozása volt. Oszlopmintákat vizsgáltunk, amelyek egymás fölötti, in situ állapotokat rögzítenek. A halcsontleletek mennyiségének összehasonlítása a feltárt felület ezen részei között elengedhetetlenné vált annak megértéséhez, hogyan és miként járulnak a leletgyűjtés módszerei az őskori halászat jobb megértéséhez. Elemzésünk eredményei szerint a finom feltárás rendszertanilag nehezebbenmeghatározható, de mennyiségileg jobban értékelhető adatokkal szolgál. Emiatt kevésbé a korabeli halfauna értékelésére alkalmas, mint inkább a halfeldolgozás és -fogyasztás térbeli szabályszerűségeinek hiteles rekonstrukciójára. A nehéz frakcióban azonosítható halmaradványok jól tükrözik a teljes állattani anyagban korábban talált halmaradványok alapján körvonalazott képet. A halak étkezési szerepe csekély volt, az alkalomszerű halászat a tavaszi és nyári hónapokban lehetett a legintenzívebb. Ez egybeeshetett a halak kültéri fogyasztásával, amit a nehéz frakcióból kinyert halcsontok térbeli eloszlása is megerősít a lelőhelyen.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bartosiewicz, Laszlo, 1954-
(författare)
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A régészeti állattan "állatorvosi lova"
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sötét idők túlélői: A kontinuitás fogalma, kutatásának módszerei az 5–11. századi Kárpát-medence régészetében. - Debrecen : Déri Múzeum Régészeti Tár. - 9786155560156 ; , s. 83-107
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bartosiewicz, László, 1954-
(författare)
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Ancient Zoonoses : “Les Liaisons Dangereuses”
- 2022
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Ingår i: Zoonoses. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030858773 ; , s. 1-23
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Archaeozoology is the study of animal–human relationships using the evidence of archaeological finds. Throughout the history of civilization human and animal welfare have become inseparable from each other. Microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms include pathogens linking animals and humans not only to their environments but also to individuals of their own and other species. Animal paleopathology is traditionally based on the attempted identification of macromorphological symptoms of various infections on the excavated skeletal remains of various species. Osteological lesions caused by past animal disease reveal situated relations with humans, as many of them may be resulting from zoonoses shared between multiple species, including people. Interactive socioecological systems giving rise to zoonoses thus involve humans, animals, and pathogens in specific environments. While many such diseases first emerged with the onset of domestication and increasing social complexity, they are also caused by recent human infringements on the natural habitats of wild animals. Understanding animal disease in the distant past is indispensable in developing a long-term, holistic perspective on zoonotic infections. Contextualizing scarce archaeozoological evidence for zoonoses in epidemiological terms should help identifying the factors that promote disease and understanding their dynamics.
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