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- Pihl, E., et al.
(författare)
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Ten new insights in climate science 2020- A horizon scan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Sustainability. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2059-4798.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-technical summary We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding of Earth's sensitivity to carbon dioxide, finds that permafrost thaw could release more carbon emissions than expected and that the uptake of carbon in tropical ecosystems is weakening. Adverse impacts on human society include increasing water shortages and impacts on mental health. Options for solutions emerge from rethinking economic models, rights-based litigation, strengthened governance systems and a new social contract. The disruption caused by COVID-19 could be seized as an opportunity for positive change, directing economic stimulus towards sustainable investments. Technical summary A synthesis is made of ten fields within climate science where there have been significant advances since mid-2019, through an expert elicitation process with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) a better understanding of equilibrium climate sensitivity; (2) abrupt thaw as an accelerator of carbon release from permafrost; (3) changes to global and regional land carbon sinks; (4) impacts of climate change on water crises, including equity perspectives; (5) adverse effects on mental health from climate change; (6) immediate effects on climate of the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for recovery packages to deliver on the Paris Agreement; (7) suggested long-term changes to governance and a social contract to address climate change, learning from the current pandemic, (8) updated positive cost-benefit ratio and new perspectives on the potential for green growth in the short- A nd long-term perspective; (9) urban electrification as a strategy to move towards low-carbon energy systems and (10) rights-based litigation as an increasingly important method to address climate change, with recent clarifications on the legal standing and representation of future generations. Social media summary Stronger permafrost thaw, COVID-19 effects and growing mental health impacts among highlights of latest climate science.
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| 2. |
- Mathai, M. V., et al.
(författare)
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The Political Economy of (Un)Sustainable Production and Consumption : A Multidisciplinary Synthesis for Research and Action
- 2020
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite widespread recognition of the need to transition toward more sustainable production and consumption and numerous initiatives to that end, global resource extraction and corresponding socio-ecological degradation continue to grow. Understanding the causes of this persistent failure is a necessary step towards more effective action. This article contributes to that understanding by synthesizing theory and evidence that links unsustainable production-consumption systems to power and inequality. While sustainable consumption and production research and action mostly focuses on technological or behavioral change, the socio-ecological inequalities driving production-consumption systems built into the organization of our global political economy, remain largely overlooked. In response, we propose a structural political economy orientation that seeks explicitly to reduce these inequalities and advance environmental justice and, thus, create the conditions for sustainable production-consumption systems. We then propose three important arenas of research and action towards sustainable production-consumption systems: justice, governance, and co-production of knowledge and action. These arenas, collectively and individually, can serve as entry points to study and act on the dynamics of (un)sustainable production-consumption systems. This can be done at the micro level, with respect to specific commodity chains or systems of provisioning, or at meso and macro levels with respect to national and global production networks. Our proposed orientation helps distinguish research and practice proposals into those emphasizing management and compensation resulting often in persistence of unsustainability, from those proffering structural changes in unsustainable production-consumption systems. We invite critique and collaboration to develop this research and action agenda further.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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World population in historcal perspective
- 2013
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Ingår i: The SAGE Handbook on Aging, Work and Society. - 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 9781446207826 ; , s. 23-40
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Farhad, Nandita, 1983-
(författare)
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Supply Chain Governance for Social Sustainability : A Study of the Ready-Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This PhD thesis approaches the phenomenon of supply chain governance for social sustainability in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh. This research is based on a study of eight large multinational corporations (e.g. clothing brands and retailers) and their ready-made garment suppliers. The purpose of this research is to understand how supply chain governance mechanisms and governance structures improve social sustainability performance when stakeholders are engaged.The study identifies four main governance systems, namely, market-based, hierarchical controlbased, collaborative multi-stakeholder-based and relational cross-sectoral-based. These governance systems are employed in the supply chain by the multinational corporations in combination with different stakeholders, such as suppliers, multi-stakeholder-initiatives, and non-government organisations. The study focuses on the challenges faced by the multinational corporations to ensure social sustainability, whilst at the same time, incorporating suppliers’ viewpoints on the consequences of different governance systems for social sustainability.This research shows the choice of governance structures from market-based, hierarchy-based, collaboration-based and relational-based depend on the cost of managing relationships with the stakeholders and potential risks of governance in a given situation. An effective governance structure for a multinational corporation in a particular context is determined by how well the structure supports governance mechanisms to reduce associated transaction risks that results from potential opportunistic behaviour of the suppliers. In this research, it is argued that governance structure provides the platform for practicing a set of governance mechanisms.The study claims that social sustainability governance incorporates three mechanisms with separate outcomes: one consists of buyer-driven control-based mechanisms which include codes of conduct, supplier assessment and monitoring, and supplier training for regular social compliance; the second consists of multi-stakeholder-based governance mechanisms for structural compliance when unexpected problems occur, for example, building collapse, electrical and fire safety risks emerge; and the third comprises cross-sectoral governance mechanisms when the multinational corporations involve with non-government organisations for social development of the garment workers and community by facilitating drinking water, health-hygiene, education, and so on.This thesis contributes to the Sustainable Supply Chain Management literature by expanding knowledge of supply chain governance through bringing an understanding of governance mechanisms, governance structures and stakeholder engagements for social sustainability. As the demand for supply chain governance for social sustainability are growing, this thesis can help responsible corporate sourcing managers to develop a deeper understanding of how supply chain governance can affect social sustainability.
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| 7. |
- Meiland, Franka J., et al.
(författare)
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COGKNOW Development and evaluation of an ICT-device for people with mild dementia
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medical and Care Compunetics 4. ; , s. 166-177
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia is a progressive, chronic disease affecting 5% of all persons above 65 and over 40% of people over 90. The aim of the COGKNOW project is to achieve a breakthrough with research that addresses the needs of those with dementia, particularly those with mild dementia living in the community. This entails cognitive reinforcement in four main areas: helping people to remember, helping to maintain social contact, helping with performing daily life and recreational activities and finally enhance feelings of safety. Based on a sound foundation of needs reported in dementia literature, workshops and individual interviews have been carried out with dementia sufferers and their carers in three European countries. A ranked analysis of information from workshops and interviews, and the state of the art of successful ICT solutions will be the basis for formulating the functionalities of the technical solution and for the development of a cognitive prosthetic device with associated services for people with mild dementia. The research and evaluation will be conducted from human factors, technology, and business perspectives in three phases of one year each. In this paper we discuss the design of the COGKNOW project, the first results of the user needs inquiry workshops and the ICT solutions the COGKNOW project will focus on in the first year.
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| 8. |
- Meiland, FJ M., et al.
(författare)
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COGKNOW : helping people with mild dementia navigate their day
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia is a progressive, chronic disease affecting 5% of all persons above 65 and over 40% of people over 90. The aim of the COGKNOW project is to achieve a breakthrough with research that addresses the needs of those with dementia, particularly those with mild dementia living in the community. This entails cognitive reinforcement in four main areas: helping people to remember, helping to maintain social contact, helping with performing daily life and recreational activities and finally enhance feelings of safety. Based on a sound foundation of needs reported in dementia literature, workshops and individual interviews have been carried out with dementia sufferers and their carers in three European countries. A ranked analysis of information from workshops and interviews, and the state of the art of successful ICT solutions will be the basis for formulating the functionalities of the technical solution and for the development of a cognitive prosthetic device with associated services for people with mild dementia. The research and evaluation will be conducted from human factors, technology, and business perspectives in three phases of one year each. In this paper we discuss the design of the COGKNOW project, the first results of the user needs inquiry workshops and the ICT solutions the COGKNOW project will focus on in the first year.
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| 9. |
- Sen, Sreyashi, 1988-
(författare)
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Essays on Markets and Institutions in Developing Countries
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Labour Regulations and Industrial Performance: Evidence from IndiaThis paper investigates the impact of recent state level reforms passed over the period 2003 to 2016 to a central law on industrial relations, the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947, on plant outcomes in the formal manufacturing sector in India. Exploiting variation in the timing of the state level reforms, I use a stacked event study design that compares treated plants to similar control plants in untreated states to estimate the average effect of state level reforms classified as pro-worker or pro-employer. I find that labour reforms that are pro-employer significantly raise plant output, wage bill and the average earnings of workers, while pro-worker reforms are negatively related to average worker earnings but have no other meaningful effects on plant performance. I also find heterogeneity in estimated treatment effects, with place based labour reforms targeting specific industrial locales having higher effects on average compared to other types of labour reforms.The Impact of Size-Dependent Labour Laws on the Allocation of Resources in IndiaI investigate the effect of job security provisions in India that imposed regulatory requirements on plants above a certain size threshold. Using data on plants in the registered manufacturing sector in India over the period 1998 to 2018, I first test for discontinuities in the size distribution of plants at the regulatory threshold of 100 workers. I do not find evidence of significant discontinuities in the plant size distribution at 100 workers. I then use a sharp regression discontinuity design to examine if there are systematic differences in plant outcomes at the regulatory threshold. I provide suggestive evidence that regulatory costs lead to a decline of 6.7% in plant output.A Quantitative Study of Poverty TrapsThis paper undertakes a quantitative exploration of how initial conditions matter for long run economic outcomes when there are capital market imperfections, using a model of occupational choice with financial frictions. The model exhibits both poverty traps at the level of the individual, as well as at the aggregate level. At the level of the individual, I find multiple steady states for similar individuals starting out with different wealth levels, with differences in wealth and consumption that persist over time. Aggregate poverty traps arise in this model due to general equilibrium effects of wages adjusting to individual occupational choices. I numerically show certain initial conditions, in terms of the distribution of wealth and aggregate capital, that determine whether economies converge to a high wage equilibrium or stay trapped in poverty at a low wage equilibrium.
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| 10. |
- Tops, Dolf, et al.
(författare)
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Staff experience and understanding of working with abused women suffering from mental illness
- 2009
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Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 17:5, s. 459-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of abused women with mental illness is often unrecognised by staff working within welfare services. This may be explained by staff members' attitudes, insecurity or lack of awareness. Today, there are shortcomings in the knowledge of staff members' experiences and interpretations of abuse against women suffering from mental illness. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe how staff members experience and understand their work with abused women suffering from mental illness. Thematic interviews were conducted with 13 staff members from various welfare services. Data were subject to content analysis. The findings showed that working with abused women was experienced as ambiguous and painful and made the staff act pragmatically. Feelings of ambiguity were mainly related to the lack of theoretical frameworks for interpreting why women with mental illness are exposed to abuse. Painful experiences involved intertwined feelings of distress, frustration, worthlessness, ambivalence and powerlessness. These were all feelings that emerged in the direct encounters with the abused women. In response to the abused women's comprehensive needs, staff members acted pragmatically, implying networking without any sanction from the leaders of the organisation, compliance with routines and taking action in here-and-now situations. By acting pragmatically, staff members could achieve concrete results through their interventions. It is concluded that staff members, working with abused women with mental illness, are in a vulnerable situation and in need of formally accepted and implemented support and legitimacy as well as theoretical knowledge regarding causes and consequences of abuse in this particular group of women.
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