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- Kraemer, MUG, et al.
(författare)
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Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 4:5, s. 854-863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global population at risk from mosquito-borne diseases—including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika—is expanding in concert with changes in the distribution of two key vectors: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The distribution of these species is largely driven by both human movement and the presence of suitable climate. Using statistical mapping techniques, we show that human movement patterns explain the spread of both species in Europe and the United States following their introduction. We find that the spread of Ae. aegypti is characterized by long distance importations, while Ae. albopictus has expanded more along the fringes of its distribution. We describe these processes and predict the future distributions of both species in response to accelerating urbanization, connectivity and climate change. Global surveillance and control efforts that aim to mitigate the spread of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses must consider the so far unabated spread of these mosquitos. Our maps and predictions offer an opportunity to strategically target surveillance and control programmes and thereby augment efforts to reduce arbovirus burden in human populations globally.
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| 2. |
- Wardrop, NA, et al.
(författare)
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Spatially disaggregated population estimates in the absence of national population and housing census data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 115:14, s. 3529-3537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population numbers at local levels are fundamental data for many applications, including the delivery and planning of services, election preparation, and response to disasters. In resource-poor settings, recent and reliable demographic data at subnational scales can often be lacking. National population and housing census data can be outdated, inaccurate, or missing key groups or areas, while registry data are generally lacking or incomplete. Moreover, at local scales accurate boundary data are often limited, and high rates of migration and urban growth make existing data quickly outdated. Here we review past and ongoing work aimed at producing spatially disaggregated local-scale population estimates, and discuss how new technologies are now enabling robust and cost-effective solutions. Recent advances in the availability of detailed satellite imagery, geopositioning tools for field surveys, statistical methods, and computational power are enabling the development and application of approaches that can estimate population distributions at fine spatial scales across entire countries in the absence of census data. We outline the potential of such approaches as well as their limitations, emphasizing the political and operational hurdles for acceptance and sustainable implementation of new approaches, and the continued importance of traditional sources of national statistical data.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Per M., 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of inert gas choice on multiple breath washout in healthy infants: differences in lung function outcomes and breathing pattern
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 123:6, s. 1545-1554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detrimental effects on breathing pattern during multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) have been described with different inhaled gases [100% oxygen (O-2) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)] but detailed comparisons are lacking. N-2-and SF6-based tests were performed during spontaneous quiet sleep in 10 healthy infants aged 0.7-1.3 yr using identical hardware. Differences in breathing pattern pre and post 100% O-2 and 4% SF6 exposure were investigated, and the results obtained were compared [functional residual capacity (FRC) and lung clearance index (LCI)]. During 100% O-2 exposure. mean inspiratory flow ("respiratory drive") decreased transiently by mean (SD) 28 (9)% (P < 0.001), and end-tidal CO2 (carbon dioxide) increased by mean (SD) 0.3 (0.4)% units (P < 0.05) vs. air breathing prephase. During subsequent N-2 washin (i.e., recovery phase), the pattern of change reversed. No significant effect on breathing pattern was observed during SF6 testing. In vitro testing confirmed that technical artifacts did not explain these changes. Mean (SD) FRC and LCI in vivo were significantly higher with N-2 vs. SF6 washout: 216 (33) vs. 186 (22) ml (P < 0.001) and 8.25 (0.85) vs. 7.55 (0.57) turnovers (P < 0.021). Based on these results, SF6 based MBW is the preferred methodology for tests in this age range. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inert gas choice for multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) in infants has important consequences on both breathing pattern during test performance and the functional residual capacity and lung clearance index values obtained. Data suggest the detrimental effect of breathing pattern of 100% O-2 and movement of O-2 across the alveolar capillary membrane, with direct effects on MBW outcomes. SF6 MBW during infancy avoids this and can be further optimized by addressing the sources of technical artifact identified in this work.
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| 8. |
- Kraemer, MUG, et al.
(författare)
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Publisher Correction: Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 4:5, s. 900-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the version of this Article originally published, the affiliation for author Catherine Linard was incorrectly stated as ‘6Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK’. The correct affiliation is ‘9Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium’. The affiliation for author Hongjie Yu was also incorrectly stated as ‘11Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA’. The correct affiliation is ‘15School of Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China’. This has now been amended in all versions of the Article.
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