| 1. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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| 2. |
- ODonnell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 13:2, s. 268-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with a category associated with intelligence (professor) subsequently performed 13% better on a trivia test than participants primed with a category associated with a lack of intelligence (soccer hooligans). In two unpublished replications of this study designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, Dijksterhuis, van Knippenberg, and Holland observed a smaller difference between conditions (2%-3%) as well as a gender difference: Men showed the effect (9.3% and 7.6%), but women did not (0.3% and -0.3%). The procedure used in those replications served as the basis for this multilab Registered Replication Report. A total of 40 laboratories collected data for this project, and 23 of these laboratories met all inclusion criteria. Here we report the meta-analytic results for those 23 direct replications (total N = 4,493), which tested whether performance on a 30-item general-knowledge trivia task differed between these two priming conditions (results of supplementary analyses of the data from all 40 labs, N = 6,454, are also reported). We observed no overall difference in trivia performance between participants primed with the professor category and those primed with the hooligan category (0.14%) and no moderation by gender.
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| 3. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(författare)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Vasilopoulos, T, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Covaration of Grip Strength and General Cognitive Ability in Octogenarian Swedish Twins
- 2007
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Ingår i: At the 60th Annual Scientific Meeting “The Era of Global Aging: Challenges and Opportunities”. The Gerontologist, vol 47, Spical issue II, Oct. 2007.. ; , s. 465-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grip strength is a strong predictor of later-life disability, morbidity and mortality. Likewise, reduced grip strength has been associated with cognitive decline. Using quantitative genetic techniques, we surveyed the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the relationship between grip strength and general cognitive ability in 100 monozygotic and 131 dizygotic twin pairs. The sample was selected from the longitudinal study, “Origins of Variance in the Old-Old.” For the analysis, a latent general cognitive ability factor was constructed using measures of verbal ability, spatial ability, speed of processing, and memory. Bivariate model fitting revealed that genetic factors accounted for 74% of the phenotypic correlation ( r = .47) between grip strength and general cognitive ability. These results suggest that shared genetic factors underlie the relationship between grip strength and general cognitive ability and may also support the theory that common factors contribute to overall age-related deterioration of cognitive and non-cognitive functioning. Supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (AG08861 and AG000276)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Berg, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Why Casting Older Female Models Is Good for Advertising : The Positive Effects of Challenging The Underrepresentation of Older Women in Ads
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Advertising Research. - : Advertising Research Foundation. - 1740-1909 .- 0021-8499. ; 63:1, s. 61-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older people-particularly women-continue to be underrepresented in advertising. Some companies, however, have recently begun featuring more older women as decorative models in their advertisements. That practice goes against earlier research dating back to the late 1980s, which recommended that advertisers should avoid featuring older women in advertisements. The purpose of this article is to examine consumer responses to advertising featuring older female decorative models. In four experiments, the effects of advertisements of mostly female-gendered products, featuring older and younger female decorative models, are compared. The findings indicate positive effects of advertisements featuring older female decorative models for both younger and older female consumers, and that these effects can be explained by increased social connectedness with the decorative models.
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| 8. |
- Bowen, Tracey, et al.
(författare)
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Disparities in work-integrated learning experiences for students who present as women : an international study of biases, barriers, and challenges
- 2024
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Ingår i: Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2042-3896 .- 2042-390X. ; 14:2, s. 313-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study identifies gendered disparities among women students participating in work-integrated learning and explores the effects of the disparities on their perceptions on perceived opportunities, competencies, sense of belonging, and professional identity. Design/methodology/approach: A series of semi-structured focus groups were run with 59 participants at six higher education institutions in four countries (Australia, Canada, Sweden, United Kingdom). All focus groups were designed with the same questions and formatting. Findings: Thematic analysis of the transcripts revealed two overarching themes, namely perceptions of self and interactions with others in work placements. Theme categories included awareness of self-presentation, sense of autonomy, perceived Allies, emotional labour, barriers to opportunity, sense of belonging, intersections of identity, and validation value. Originality/value: This study fills an important gap in the international literature about gendered experiences in WIL and highlights inequalities that women experience while on work placements.
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| 9. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Happy to see you: the positive effects of in-store service encounters on the satisfaction of older consumers
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. - : Routledge. - 1466-4402 .- 0959-3969. ; 33:5, s. 479-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although older consumers constitute a growing consumer segment with substantial buying power, not much is known about their satisfaction with retail stores and its antecedents. This study examines how having in-store, face-to-face service encounters with store personnel affects the store satisfaction of older consumers, focusing on the moderating role of consumer age and the mediating role of positive emotions. An empirical study demonstrates positive effects of service encounters with store employees on the store satisfaction and positive emotions of older consumers. Consumer age moderates these effects, so that there are no similar positive effects of in-store service encounters on store satisfaction or positive emotions for the younger consumers. Positive emotions also mediate the effects of in-store service encounters on store satisfaction for the older consumers, but not for the younger consumers.
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| 10. |
- Hannus, Aave, et al.
(författare)
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Visual search near threshold : Some features are more equal than others.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vision. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 1534-7362. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While searching for objects, we combine information from multiple visual modalities. Classical theories of visual search assume that features are processed independently prior to an integration stage. Based on this, one would predict that features that are equally discriminable in single feature search should remain so in conjunction search. We test this hypothesis by examining whether search accuracy in feature search predicts accuracy in conjunction search. Subjects searched for objects combining color and orientation or size; eye movements were recorded. Prior to the main experiment, we matched feature discriminability, making sure that in feature search, 70% of saccades were likely to go to the correct target stimulus. In contrast to this symmetric single feature discrimination performance, the conjunction search task showed an asymmetry in feature discrimination performance: In conjunction search, a similar percentage of saccades went to the correct color as in feature search but much less often to correct orientation or size. Therefore, accuracy in feature search is a good predictor of accuracy in conjunction search for color but not for size and orientation. We propose two explanations for the presence of such asymmetries in conjunction search: the use of conjunctively tuned channels and differential crowding effects for different features.
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