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- Galon, Jerome, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer classification using the Immunoscore : a worldwide task force
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 10, s. 205-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prediction of clinical outcome in cancer is usually achieved by histopathological evaluation of tissue samples obtained during surgical resection of the primary tumor. Traditional tumor staging (AJCC/UICC-TNM classification) summarizes data on tumor burden (T), presence of cancer cells in draining and regional lymph nodes (N) and evidence for metastases (M). However, it is now recognized that clinical outcome can significantly vary among patients within the same stage. The current classification provides limited prognostic information, and does not predict response to therapy. Recent literature has alluded to the importance of the host immune system in controlling tumor progression. Thus, evidence supports the notion to include immunological biomarkers, implemented as a tool for the prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. Accumulating data, collected from large cohorts of human cancers, has demonstrated the impact of immune-classification, which has a prognostic value that may add to the significance of the AJCC/UICC TNM-classification. It is therefore imperative to begin to incorporate the ` Immunoscore' into traditional classification, thus providing an essential prognostic and potentially predictive tool. Introduction of this parameter as a biomarker to classify cancers, as part of routine diagnostic and prognostic assessment of tumors, will facilitate clinical decision-making including rational stratification of patient treatment. Equally, the inherent complexity of quantitative immunohistochemistry, in conjunction with protocol variation across laboratories, analysis of different immune cell types, inconsistent region selection criteria, and variable ways to quantify immune infiltration, all underline the urgent requirement to reach assay harmonization. In an effort to promote the Immunoscore in routine clinical settings, an international task force was initiated. This review represents a follow-up of the announcement of this initiative, and of the J Transl Med. editorial from January 2012. Immunophenotyping of tumors may provide crucial novel prognostic information. The results of this international validation may result in the implementation of the Immunoscore as a new component for the classification of cancer, designated TNM-I (TNM-Immune).
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| 2. |
- Mondello, Stefania, et al.
(författare)
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The Challenge of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury : Role of Biochemical Markers in Diagnosis of Brain Damage
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medicinal research reviews (Print). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0198-6325 .- 1098-1128. ; 34:3, s. 503-531
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past decade there has been an increasing recognition of the incidence of mildtraumatic brain injury (mTBI) and a better understanding of the subtle neurological and cognitive deficitsthat may result from it. A substantial, albeit suboptimal, effort has been made to define diagnostic criteriafor mTBI and improve diagnostic accuracy. Thus, biomarkers that can accurately and objectively detectbrain injury after mTBI and, ideally, aid in clinical management are needed. In this review, we discuss thecurrent research on serum biomarkers for mTBI including their rationale and diagnostic performances.Sensitive and specific biomarkers reflecting brain injury can provide important information regardingTBI pathophysiology and serve as candidate markers for predicting abnormal computed tomographyfindings and/or the development of residual deficits in patients who sustain an mTBI. We also outline theroles of biomarkers in settings of specific interest including pediatric TBI, sports concussions and militaryinjuries, and provide perspectives on the validation of such markers for use in the clinic. Finally, emergingproteomics-based strategies for identifying novel markers will be discussed.
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